Cannot load driver class: org.h2.Driver in spring boot application - spring

Question

I am trying to learn microservices by creating a dummy project.
I have a config repository in git and a config server running at port 8888.It's working properly as I can see my settings as below:
Now I have two microservice projects 1) customer service and 2) customer-account-service. customer microservice is running properly while customer-account-microservice is unable to start and throwing below exception:
*Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot load driver class: org.h2.Driver
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) ~[spring-beans-5.0.11.RELEASE.jar:5.0.11.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:583) ~[spring-beans-5.0.11.RELEASE.jar:5.0.11.RELEASE]
... 66 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot load driver class: org.h2.Driver
at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:94) ~[spring-core-5.0.11.RELEASE.jar:5.0.11.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.determineDriverClassName(DataSourceProperties.java:224) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.7.RELEASE.jar:2.0.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties.initializeDataSourceBuilder(DataSourceProperties.java:176) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.7.RELEASE.jar:2.0.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration.createDataSource(DataSourceConfiguration.java:43) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.7.RELEASE.jar:2.0.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.dataSource(DataSourceConfiguration.java:83) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.7.RELEASE.jar:2.0.7.RELEASE]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_144]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_144]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_144]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_144]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.0.11.RELEASE.jar:5.0.11.RELEASE]
... 67 common frames omitted*
bootstrap.properties configuration for customer-account-microservice is as below:
pom.xml configuration for customer-account-microservice is as below:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.microservice</groupId>
<artifactId>customer-account-microservice</artifactId>
<version>1</version>
<name>customer-account-microservice</name>
<description>Spring starter project for demonstrating spring feign client and circuit breaker</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud-services.version>2.0.3.RELEASE</spring-cloud-services.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.pivotal.spring.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-services-starter-circuit-breaker</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.pivotal.spring.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-services-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-services.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Please help me in fixing the above exception.

Answer 1

It seems that your dependency
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
has to be in dependencies element, not in dependencyManagement. Just look at this. Or maybe you have a child artifact, in that case you must share another pom xml.

Answer 2

I change it to 'compile' and it solved my problem.
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>1.4.200</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

Answer 3

in my case, I had a space after the "driver"
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver...
I deleted it and it works just fine

Answer 4

I was facing the same issue in IDEA IntellJ even after using the correct dependency in pom.xml. It boils down to IDE specific issue where it was not able to download h2 dependency. It worked after restarting the IDE.

Answer 5

In my case the problem was caused by some trailing blank characters behind the driver classname in application.properties
This fails (dots in the code snippet below should be read as whitespace chars):
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver...
This succeeds:
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver

Answer 6

I commented spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver, that worked like a charm for me

Answer 7

In my case I gave the gradle dependency wrong.
I should give it in dependencies {implementation}, but I gave it in dependencies {testImplementation} in build.gradle file
The below mentioned is right
dependencies {
implementation 'com.h2database:h2:2.1.212'
}

Answer 8

I had this problem because I was using an outdated version of the h2 dependency :
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>1.4.193</version>
</dependency>
I fixed it by removing the version tag so that the latest version is downloaded :
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>

Answer 9

I hope you have added dependencies now add spring.datasource.platform=h2 in your application.properties
it worked for me

Answer 10

In my case,
In application.properties file, there are white spaces after adding configurations
You can see IDEA IntellJ like this
Should remove all the white spaces in application.properties file. Then the test cases failed issue will be solved