I've created a script which recursively reads a path and prints its directory, and subdirectory into a csv file to write into excel columns. Now I want to modify this script such that first it will recursively read a path and print its content and then find the recursive difference of this path along with another path and I want to print if any directory is changed or not.
First code:
find path1 | while read file; do
if [[ -d "$file" ]]; then
echo $file > out.csv
else
echo...
fi
done
and second code is:
diff -rq $path1 $path2 | while read file1; do
if [[ "$file" != ]]; then
echo Changed >> out.csv
else
echo no >> out.csv
fi
done
Now I want to merge these codes such that fist it will recursively prints all content of path1 in csv file, then compare both paths and print changed if difference occur.
It's not overly clear what you're trying to accomplish. Your first part can be simplified to a single line:
find path1 -type d > out.csv
which only finds directories. (Note that the use of > overwrites out.csv, so previous contents don't matter (you made a mistake with that in your example)).
For you second part, you could do:
diff <( cd path1 && find . -type d ) <( cd path2 && find . -type d )
This grabs all the directories in path1, and all the directories in path2, and would output the difference in standard diff format...
I'm using process substition <( ) so bash treats the output as files. Also the cd to path1 or path2 before the find prevents find from outputting path1/ or path2/ in its results (otherwise every line would be different). You could do something similar with sed to strip off the path names.
If on the otherhand, your goal is to learn bash loops, you would do this as follows:
rm out.csv
find path | while read file; do
[[ -d $file ]] && echo $file >> out.csv
done
cat out.csv | while read file; do
[[ -e path2/${file#path1/} ]] || echo "file changed: $file"
done
Note that unlike the former example, this does not print any paths in path2 that are not in path1.
Here, I used ${file#path1/}, which strips path1/ from the front of each filename (as you're now looking in path2).
Hope this helps.
Related
I would want to iterate over contents of a directory and list only ordinary files.
The path of the directory is given as an user input. The script works if the input is current directory but not with others.
I am aware that this can be done using ls.. but i need to use a for .. in control structure.
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter the path:"
read path
contents=$(ls $path)
for content in $contents
do
if [ -f $content ];
then
echo $content
fi
done
ls is only returning the file names, not including the path. You need to either:
Change your working directory to the path in question, or
Combine the path with the names for your -f test
Option #2 would just change:
if [ -f $content ];
to:
if [ -f "$path/$content" ];
Note that there are other issues here; ls may make changes to the output that break this, depending on wrapping. If you insist on using ls, you can at least make it (somewhat) safer with:
contents="$(command ls -1F "$path")"
You have two ways of doing this properly:
Either loop through the * pattern and test file type:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo "Enter the path:"
read -r path
for file in "$path/"*; do
if [ -f "$file" ]; then
echo "$file"
fi
done
Or using find to iterate a null delimited list of file-names:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo "Enter the path:"
read -r path
while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do
echo "$file"
done < <(
find "$path" -maxdepth 1 -type f -print0
)
The second way is preferred since it will properly handle files with special characters and offload the file-type check to the find command.
Use file, set to search for files (-type f) from $path directory:
find "$path" -type f
Here is what you could write:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
path=
while [[ ! $path ]]; do
read -p "Enter path: " path
done
for file in "$path"/*; do
[[ -f $file ]] && printf '%s\n' "$file"
done
If you want to traverse all the subdirectories recursively looking for files, you can use globstar:
shopt -s globstar
for file in "$path"/**; do
printf '%s\n' "$file"
done
In case you are looking for specific files based on one or more patterns or some other condition, you could use the find command to pick those files. See this post:
How to loop through file names returned by find?
Related
When to wrap quotes around a shell variable?
Why you shouldn't parse the output of ls
Is double square brackets [[ ]] preferable over single square brackets [ ] in Bash?
I've been trying to make a bash script that starts at a folder, namely my home folder, then gets each file recursively and checks for some properties. Say I want to check to see if my files have a certain size and have text (not binary data) in them. It should take care of the special cases where the files are hidden or starting with a hyphen. This is what I came up with:
for i in $(cd "/home/user" && ls -aR);
do
if [[ $(file ./"$i") == "./\"$i\": ASCII text" ]] && [[ $(du -b ./"$i" | grep -oE "[0-9]+") == "1015" ]]; then
echo ./"$i"
fi
done
I don't know how many subfolders there are, and I need it to echo the path of the files that meet the criteria. It works ok for files in /home/user/ but it doesn't seem to find (and thus check) the files in any subfolder. How may I fix this?
I'm going to assume you are using bash 4 unless otherwise stated.
shopt -s globstar
for f in /home/user/**/*:
if [[ $(file -- "$f") != *": ASCII text" ]]; then
continue
fi
# This is the syntax for GNU stat; consult your manual for
# other implementations
size=$(stat -c %s -- "$f")
if (( size != 1015 )); then
continue
fi
echo "$f"
done
I would separate traversing the file tree from checking the individual files.
Start by writing a script which examines a single file and prints the file name to stdout if the file matches your criteria. Let's call this script check_file. Now use, for instance,
find /home/user -type f -exec check_file {} \;
Currently learning some bash scripting and having an issue with a question involving listing all files in a given directory and stating if they are a file or directory. The issue I am having is that I only get either my current directory or if a specify a directory it will just say that it is a directory eg. /home/user/shell_scripts will return shell_scipts is a directory rather than the files contained within it.
This is what I have so far:
dir=$dir
for file in $dir; do
if [[ -d $file ]]; then
echo "$file is a directory"
if [[ -f $file ]]; then
echo "$file is a regular file"
fi
done
Your line:
for file in $dir; do
will expand $dir just to a single directory string. What you need to do is expand that to a list of files in the directory. You could do this using the following:
for file in "${dir}/"* ; do
This will expand the "${dir}/"* section into a name-only list of the current directory. As Biffen points out, this should guarantee that the file list wont end up with split partial file names in file if any of them contain whitespace.
If you want to recurse into the directories in dir then using find might be a better approach. Simply use:
for file in $( find ${dir} ); do
Note that while simple, this will not handle files or directories with spaces in them. Because of this, I would be tempted to drop the loop and generate the output in one go. This might be slightly different than what you want, but is likely to be easier to read and a lot more efficient, especially with large numbers of files. For example, To list all the directories:
find ${dir} -maxdepth 1 -type d
and to list the files:
find ${dir} -maxdepth 1 -type f
if you want to iterate into directories below, then remove the -maxdepth 1
This is a good use for globbing:
for file in "$dir/"*
do
[[ -d "$file" ]] && echo "$file is a directory"
[[ -f "$file" ]] && echo "$file is a regular file"
done
This will work even if files in $dir have special characters in their names, such as spaces, asterisks and even newlines.
Also note that variables should be quoted ("$file"). But * must not be quoted. And I removed dir=$dir since it doesn't do anything (except break when $dir contains special characters).
ls -F ~ | \
sed 's#.*/$#/& is a Directory#;t quit;s#.*#/& is a File#;:quit;s/[*/=>#|] / /'
The -F "classify" switch appends a "/" if a file is a directory. The sed code prints the desired message, then removes the suffix.
for file in $(ls $dir)
do
[ -f $file ] && echo "$file is File"
[ -d $file ] && echo "$file is Directory"
done
or replace the
$(ls $dir)
with
`ls $`
If you want to list files that also start with . use:
for file in "${dir}/"* "${dir}/"/.[!.]* "${dir}/"/..?* ; do
Could someone please help with this script. I need to use grep to loop to through the filenames that need to be changed.
#!/bin/bash
file=
for file in $(ls $1)
do
grep "^.old" | mv "$1/$file" "$1/$file.old"
done
bash can handle regular expressions without using grep.
for f in "$1"/*; do
[[ $f =~ \.old ]] && continue
# Or a pattern instead
# [[ $f == *.old* ]] && continue
mv "$f" "$f.old"
done
You can also move the name checking into the pattern itself:
shopt -s extglob
for f in "$1/"!(*.old*); do
mv "$f" "$f.old"
done
If I understand your question correctly, you want to make rename a file (i.e. dir/file.txt ==> dir/file.old) only if the file has not been renamed before. The solution is as follow.
#!/bin/bash
for file in "$1/"*
do
backup_file="${file%.*}.old"
if [ ! -e "$backup_file" ]
then
echo mv "$file" "$backup_file"
fi
done
Discussion
The script currently does not actual make back up, it only displays the action. Run the script once and examine the output. If this is what you want, then remove the echo from the script and run it again.
Update
Here is the no if solution:
ls "$1/"* | grep -v ".old" | while read file
do
echo mv "$file" "${file}.old"
done
Discussion
The ls command displays all files.
The grep command filter out those files that has the .old extension so they won't be displayed.
The while loop reads the file names that do not have the .old extension, one by one and rename them.
I am trying to loop through all the files in a directory.
I want to do some stuff on each file (convert it to xml, not included in example), then write the file to a new directory structure.
for file in `find /home/devel/stuff/static/ -iname "*.pdf"`;
do
echo $file;
sed -e 's/static/changethis/' $file > newfile +".xml";
echo $newfile;
done
I want the results to be:
$file => /home/devel/stuff/static/2002/hello.txt
$newfile => /home/devel/stuff/changethis/2002/hello.txt.xml
How do I have to change my sed line?
If you need to rename multiple files, I would suggest to use rename command:
# remove "-n" after you verify it is what you need
rename -n 's/hello/hi/g' $(find /home/devel/stuff/static/ -type f)
or, if you don't have rename try this:
find /home/devel/stuff/static/ -type f | while read FILE
do
# modify line below to do what you need, then remove leading "echo"
echo mv $FILE $(echo $FILE | sed 's/hello/hi/g')
done
Are you trying to change the filename? Then
for file in /home/devel/stuff/static/*/*.txt
do
echo "Moving $file"
mv "$file" "${file/static/changethis}.xml"
done
Please make sure /home/devel/stuff/static/*/*.txt is what you want before using the script.
First, you have to create the name of the new file based on the name of the initial file. The obvious solution is:
newfile=${file/static/changethis}.xml
Second you have to make sure that the new directory exists or create it if not:
mkdir -p $(dirname $newfile)
Then you can do something with your file:
doSomething < $file > $newfile
I wouldn't do the for loop because of the possibility of overloading your command line. Command lines have a limited length, and if you overload it, it'll simply drop off the excess without giving you any warning. It might work if your find returns 100 file. It might work if it returns 1000 files, but it might fail if your find returns 1000 files and you'll never know.
The best way to handle this is to pipe the find into a while read statement as glenn jackman.
The sed command only works on STDIN and on files, but not on file names, so if you want to munge your file name, you'll have to do something like this:
$newname="$(echo $oldname | sed 's/old/new/')"
to get the new name of the file. The $() construct executes the command and puts the results of the command on STDOUT.
So, your script will look something like this:
find /home/devel/stuff/static/ -name "*.pdf" | while read $file
do
echo $file;
newfile="$(echo $file | sed -e 's/static/changethis/')"
newfile="$newfile.xml"
echo $newfile;
done
Now, since you're renaming the file directory, you'll have to make sure the directory exists before you do your move or copy:
find /home/devel/stuff/static/ -name "*.pdf" | while read $file
do
echo $file;
newfile="$(echo $file | sed -e 's/static/changethis/')"
newfile="$newfile.xml"
echo $newfile;
#Check for directory and create it if it doesn't exist
$dirname=$(dirname "$newfile")
if [ ! -d "$dirname" ]
then
mkdir -p "$dirname"
fi
#Directory now exists, so you can do the move
mv "$file" "$newfile"
done
Note the quotation marks to handle the case there's a space in the file name.
By the way, instead of doing this:
if [ ! -d "$dirname" ]
then
mkdir -p "$dirname"
fi
You can do this:
[ -d "$dirname"] || mkdir -p "$dirname"
The || means to execute the following command only if the test isn't true. Thus, if [ -d "$dirname" ] is a false statement (the directory doesn't exist), you run mkdir.
It's a fairly common shortcut when you see shell scripts.
find ... | while read file; do
newfile=$(basename "$file").xml;
do something to "$file" > "$somedir/$newfile"
done
OUTPUT="$(pwd)";
for file in `find . -iname "*.pdf"`;
do
echo $file;
cp $file $file.xml
echo "file created in directory = {$OUTPUT}"
done
This will create a new file with name whatyourfilename.xml, for hello.pdf the new file created would be hello.pdf.xml, basically it creates a new file with .xml appended at the end.
Remember the above script finds files in the directory /home/devel/stuff/static/ whose file names match the matcher string of the find command (in this case *.pdf), and copies it to your present working directory.
The find command in this particular script only finds files with filenames ending with .pdf If you wanted to run this script for files with file names ending with .txt, then you need to change the find command to this find /home/devel/stuff/static/ -iname "*.txt",
Once I wanted to remove trailing -min from my files. i.e. wanted alg-min.jpg to turn into alg.jpg. so after some struggle, managed to figure something like this:
for f in *; do echo $f; mv $f $(echo $f | sed 's/-min//g');done;
Hope this helps someone willing to REMOVE or SUBTITUDE some part of their file names.