I am writing a program that allows the user to associate "tags" to specific pictures or documents.
Ex. "A family picture" and a "Friends Picture" are in the same file. The user wants a list of all pictures associated with their family. Instead of opening the Friends Picture it would open the Family Picture.
When the program opens I want it to open all the files one by one allowing the user to associate the desired tags. How can I go about having the computer open multiple documents one at a time with the fact that none of the files have the same name? I would like to avoid hard coding it as it would be near impossible, to my understanding.
In the code example below you can see that var_a is being used to name the window the same as the picture and also try to have the computer search for the users desired picture/document. Because you can't use variables in directories I have no clue what to do now.
import pygame
var_a = input("Whats the name of the picture/document")
window1 = pygame.display.set_mode((1370, 750))
pygame.display.set_caption(var_a)
image1=pygame.image.load("/Users/verdenstudent1509/Desktop/Computers/FRC Game/var_a")
window1.blit(image1, (1370/3, 750/3))
pygame.display.update()
I expected the program to open the file that I typed into the input as var_a but instead, I got this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Users/verdenstudent1509/Documents/(PhotoLibraryUTO).py", line 9, in
image1=pygame.image.load("/Users/verdenstudent1509/Desktop/Computers/FRC Game/'var_b'")
pygame.error: Couldn't open /Users/verdenstudent1509/Desktop/Computers/FRC Game/'var_b'
The name of the file is not "var_a", the name of the file is the content of var_a.
Strings can be concatenated by the +-operator:
pathname = "/Users/verdenstudent1509/Desktop/Computers/FRC Game/" + var_a
I recommend to handle the exception, which may occur if the file was not found, because the filename is wrong, by a try-except statement:
try:
image1=pygame.image.load(pathname)
except:
print(pathname + " is not a file")
First define the folder path.
For example:
f = "/Users/zaidahamed/croppingImage/output"
Then use a for loop to access each image and perform action on each one of it.
For example, i am trying to crop the image from the center to have 12x12 cm cropped image as output.
Code example:
for file in os.listdir(f):
# open 1 image
f_img = f+"/"+file
img = Image.open(f_img)
# perform action
im_new = crop_center(img, 1050, 1050)
# save changes
im_new.save(f_img, quality=100)
print("Crop success")
Related
Hey there skbio team.
So I need to allow either DNA or RNA MSAs. When I do the following, if I leave out the alignment_fh.close() skbio reads the 'non header' line in the except block making me think I need to close the file first so it will start at the beginning, but if I add alignment_fh.close() I cannot get it to read the file. I've tried opening it via a variety of methods, but I believe TabularMSA.read() should allow files OR file handles. Thoughts? Thank you!
try:
aln = skbio.TabularMSA.read(alignment_fh, constructor=skbio.RNA)
except:
alignment_fh.close()
aln = skbio.TabularMSA.read(alignment_fh, constructor=skbio.DNA)
I've tried opening it via a variety of methods, but I believe TabularMSA.read() should allow files OR file handles.
You're correct: scikit-bio generally supports reading and writing files using open file handles or file paths.
The issue you're running into is that your first TabularMSA.read() call reads the entire contents of the open file handle, so that when the second TabularMSA.read() call is hit within the except block, the file pointer is already at the end of the open file handle -- this is why you're getting an error message hinting that the file is empty.
This behavior is intentional; when scikit-bio is given an open file handle, it will read from or write to the file but won't attempt to manage the handle's file pointer (that type of management is up to the caller of the code).
Now, when asking scikit-bio to read a file path (i.e. a string containing the path to a file on disk or accessible at some URI), scikit-bio will handle opening and closing the file handle for you, so that's often the easier way to go.
You can use file paths or file handles to accomplish your goal. In the following examples, suppose aln_filepath is a str pointing to your alignment file on disk (e.g. "/path/to/my/alignment.fasta").
With file paths: You can simply pass the file path to both TabularMSA.read() calls; no open() or close() calls are necessary on your part.
try:
aln = skbio.TabularMSA.read(aln_filepath, constructor=skbio.RNA)
except ValueError:
aln = skbio.TabularMSA.read(aln_filepath, constructor=skbio.DNA)
With file handles: You'll need to open a file handle and reset the file pointer within your except block before reading a second time.
with open(aln_filepath, 'r') as aln_filehandle:
try:
aln = skbio.TabularMSA.read(aln_filehandle, constructor=skbio.RNA)
except ValueError:
aln_filehandle.seek(0) # reset file pointer to beginning of file
aln = skbio.TabularMSA.read(aln_filehandle, constructor=skbio.DNA)
Note: In both examples, I've used except ValueError instead of a "catch-all" except statement. I recommend catching specific error types (e.g. ValueError) instead of any exception because the code could be failing in different ways than what you're expecting. For example, with a "catch-all" except statement, users won't be able to interrupt your program with Ctrl-C because KeyboardInterrupt will be caught and ignored.
I have an input file and a batch file. When the batch file is executed using the System command,
a corresponding outfile is generated.
Now I want a particular text (position 350 to 357) from that outfile to be displayed on to my lineedit widget
Here is that part of my code:
system("C:/ORG_Class0178.bat")
Now the outfile will be generated
File.open("C:/ORG_Class0178_out.txt", 'r').each do |line|
var = line[350..357]
puts var
# To test whether the file is being read.
#responseLineEdit = Qt::LineEdit.new(self)
#responseLineEdit.setFont Qt::Font.new("Times NEw Roman", 12)
#responseLineEdit.resize 100,20
#responseLineEdit.move 210,395
#responseLineEdit.setText("#{var}")
end
When I do test whether the file is being read using puts statement, I get the exact required output in editor. However, the same text is not being displayed on LineEdit. Suggestions are welcome.
EDIT: A wired observation here. It works fine when I try to read the input file and display it , however it does not work with the output file. The puts statement does give the answer in editor confirming that output file does contain the required text. I am confused over this scenario.
There is nothing wrong with the code fragments shown.
Note that var is a local variable. Are the second and third code fragments in the same context? If they are in the same method, and var is not touched in-between, it will work.
If the fragments belong to different methods of the same class, than an instance variable (#var) will solve the problem.
If all that does not help, use Pry to chase the problem. Follow the link to find the pre-requisites and how to use. Place binding.pry in your code, and your program will stop at that line. Then inspect what your variables are doing.
try 'rb' instead of 'r'
File.open("C:/ORG_Class0178_out.txt", 'rb').each do |line|
var = line[350..357]
puts var
I have created syntax in SPSS that gives me 90 separate iterations of general linear model, each with slightly different variations fixed factors and covariates. In the output file, they are all just named as "General Linear Model." I have to then manually rename each analysis in the output, and I want to find syntax that will add a more specific name to each result that will help me identify it out of the other 89 results (e.g. "General Linear Model - Males Only: Mean by Gender w/ Weight covariate").
This is an example of one analysis from the syntax:
USE ALL.
COMPUTE filter_$=(Muscle = "BICEPS" & Subj = "S1" & SMU = 1 ).
VARIABLE LABELS filter_$ 'Muscle = "BICEPS" & Subj = "S1" & SMU = 1 (FILTER)'.
VALUE LABELS filter_$ 0 'Not Selected' 1 'Selected'.
FORMATS filter_$ (f1.0). FILTER BY filter_$.
EXECUTE.
GLM Frequency_Wk6 Frequency_Wk9
Frequency_Wk12 Frequency_Wk16
Frequency_Wk20
/WSFACTOR=Time 5 Polynomial
/METHOD=SSTYPE(3)
/PLOT=PROFILE(Time)
/EMMEANS=TABLES(Time)
/CRITERIA=ALPHA(.05)
/WSDESIGN=Time.
I am looking for syntax to add to this that will name this analysis as: "S1, SMU1 BICEPS, GLM" Not to name the whole output file, but each analysis within the output so I don't have to do it one-by-one. I have over 200 iterations at times that come out in a single output file, and renaming them individually within the output file is taking too much time.
Making an assumption that you are exporting the models to Excel (please clarify otherwise).
There is an undocumented command (OUTPUT COMMENT TEXT) that you can utilize here, though there is also a custom extension TEXT also designed to achieve the same but that would need to be explicitly downloaded via:
Utilities-->Extension Bundles-->Download And Install Extension Bundles--->TEXT
You can use OUTPUT COMMENT TEXT to assign a title/descriptive text just before the output of the GLM model (in the example below I have used FREQUENCIES as an example).
get file="C:\Program Files\IBM\SPSS\Statistics\23\Samples\English\Employee data.sav".
oms /select all /if commands=['output comment' 'frequencies'] subtypes=['comment' 'frequencies']
/destination format=xlsx outfile='C:\Temp\ExportOutput.xlsx' /tag='ExportOutput'.
output comment text="##Model##: This is a long/descriptive title to help me identify the next model that is to be run - jobcat".
freq jobcat.
output comment text="##Model##: This is a long/descriptive title to help me identify the next model that is to be run - gender".
freq gender.
output comment text="##Model##: This is a long/descriptive title to help me identify the next model that is to be run - minority".
freq minority.
omsend tag=['ExportOutput'].
You could use TITLE command here also but it is limited to only 60 characters.
You would have to change the OMS tags appropriately if using TITLE or TEXT.
Edit:
Given the OP wants to actually add a title to the left hand pane in the output viewer, a solution for this is as follows (credit to Albert-Jan Roskam for the Python code):
First save the python file "editTitles.py" to a valid Python search path (for example (for me anyway): "C:\ProgramData\IBM\SPSS\Statistics\23\extensions")
#editTitles.py
import tempfile, os, sys
import SpssClient
def _titleToPane():
"""See titleToPane(). This function does the actual job"""
outputDoc = SpssClient.GetDesignatedOutputDoc()
outputItemList = outputDoc.GetOutputItems()
textFormat = SpssClient.DocExportFormat.SpssFormatText
filename = tempfile.mktemp() + ".txt"
for index in range(outputItemList.Size()):
outputItem = outputItemList.GetItemAt(index)
if outputItem.GetDescription() == u"Page Title":
outputItem.ExportToDocument(filename, textFormat)
with open(filename) as f:
outputItem.SetDescription(f.read().rstrip())
os.remove(filename)
return outputDoc
def titleToPane(spv=None):
"""Copy the contents of the TITLE command of the designated output document
to the left output viewer pane"""
try:
outputDoc = None
SpssClient.StartClient()
if spv:
SpssClient.OpenOutputDoc(spv)
outputDoc = _titleToPane()
if spv and outputDoc:
outputDoc.SaveAs(spv)
except:
print "Error filling TITLE in Output Viewer [%s]" % sys.exc_info()[1]
finally:
SpssClient.StopClient()
Re-start SPSS Statistics and run below as a test:
get file="C:\Program Files\IBM\SPSS\Statistics\23\Samples\English\Employee data.sav".
title="##Model##: jobcat".
freq jobcat.
title="##Model##: gender".
freq gender.
title="##Model##: minority".
freq minority.
begin program.
import editTitles
editTitles.titleToPane()
end program.
The TITLE command will initially add a title to main output viewer (right hand side) but then the python code will transfer that text to the left hand pane output tree structure. As mentioned already, note TITLE is capped to 60 characters only, a warning will be triggered to highlight this also.
This editTitles.py approach is the closest you are going to get to include a descriptive title to identify each model. To replace the actual title "General Linear Model." with a custom title would require scripting knowledge and would involve a lot more code. This is a simpler alternative approach. Python integration required for this to work.
Also consider using:
SPLIT FILE SEPARATE BY <list of filter variables>.
This will automatically produce filter labels in the left hand pane.
This is easy to use for mutually exclusive filters but even if you have overlapping filters you can re-run multiple times (and have filters applied to get as close to your desired set of results).
For example:
get file="C:\Program Files\IBM\SPSS\Statistics\23\Samples\English\Employee data.sav".
sort cases by jobcat minority.
split file separate by jobcat minority.
freq educ.
split file off.
Using python 3.4 in linux and windows, I'm trying to create qr code images from a list of string objects. I don't want to just store the image as a file because the list of strings may change frequently. I want to then tile all the objects and display the resulting image on screen for the user to scan with a barcode scanner. For the user to know which code to scan I need to add some text to the qr code image.
I can create the list of image objects correctly and they are in a list and calling .show on these objects displays them properly but I don't know how to treat these objects as a file object to open them. The object that is given to the open function, (img_list[0] in my case), in my add_text_to_img needs to support read, seek and tell methods. When I try this as is I get an attribute error. I've tried BytesIO and StringIO but I get an error message that Image.open does not support buffer interface. Maybe I am not doing that part correctly.
I'm sure there are several ways to do this, but what is the best way to open in memory objects as a file object?
from io import BytesIO
import qrcode
from PIL import ImageFont, ImageDraw, Image
def make_qr_image_list(code_list):
"""
:param code_list: a list of string objects to encode into QR code image
:return: a list of image or some type of other data objects
"""
img_list = []
for item in code_list:
qr = qrcode.QRCode(
version=None,
error_correction=qrcode.ERROR_CORRECT_L,
box_size=4,
border=10
)
qr.add_data(item)
qr_image = qr.make_image(fit=True)
img_list.append(qr_image)
return img_list
def add_text_to_img(text_list, img_list):
"""
While I was working on this, I am only saving the first image. Once
it's working, I'll save the rest of the images to a list.
:param text_list: a list of strings to add to the corresponding image.
:param img_list: the list containing the images already created from
the text_list
:return:
"""
base = Image.open(img_list[0])
# img = Image.frombytes(mode='P', size=(164,164), data=img_list[0])
text_img = Image.new('RGBA', base.size, (255,255,255,0))
font = ImageFont.truetype('sans-serif.ttf', 10)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(text_img)
draw.text((0,-20),text_list[0], (0,0,255,128), font=font)
# include some method to save the images after the text
# has been added here. Shouldn't actually save to a file.
# Should be saved to memory/img_list
output = Image.alpha_composite(base,text_img)
output.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
test_list = ['AlGaN','n-AlGaN','p-AlGaN','MQW','LED AlN-AlGaN']
image_list = make_qr_image_list(test_list)
add_text_to_img(test_list, image_list)
im = image_list[0]
im.save('/my_save_path/test_image.png')
im.show()
Edit: I've been using python for about a year and I feel like this is a pretty common thing to do but I'm not even sure that I'm looking up/searching for the right terms. What topics would you search for to answer this? If anyone can post a link or two to what I need to read up on regarding this, that would be very appreciated.
You already have PIL image objects; qr.make_image() returns the (a wrapper around) the right type of object and you do not need to open them again.
As such, all you need to do is:
base = img_list[0]
and go from there.
You do need to match image modes when compositing; QR codes are black-and-white images (mode 1), so either convert that or use the same mode in your text_img image object. The Image.alpha_composite() operation does require that both images have an alpha channel. Converting the base is easy:
base = img_list[0].convert('RGBA')
I have a variable called random number that needs to be stored when the application has be shutdown or the computer has been shutdown. Every time this number is used I also need to +1 to it.
I have a few variables in my current vb6 application that need to be saved when the app is closed and loaded when the app is launched. Is this possible? I could use a text file or a config file to store the variables?
EDIT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I managed to fix this problem had just using a simple input and output text file. Please read my answer below if you have the same problem and need assistance.
The standard way to save values in VB6 apps was to use INI files. If I remember there are a couple of Win32 functions to read/write them.
They are GetPrivateProfileString and WritePrivateProfileString.
Using the registry is the correct way to do it.
VB has built in functions SaveSetting and GetSetting for writing to and reading from the registry.
See registry tutorial or Stack Overflow question to help you out.
I managed to complete the task by creating a file in my C Drive and putting in the number "123" to the top line of the text file. I then wrote the following code:
Function GetPOIRandomNum()
Dim LineA As String
'Collect stored variables
Open "C:\TestPartner\Config\POIRandomNum.txt" For Input As #1
While Not EOF(1)
Line Input #1, LineA 'Read the first line in the file
POIRandomNum = LineA + 1 'Give POIRandomNum the integer from line 1 and add 1 to it
Wend
Close #1
'Save the new random number variable to the file
Open "C:\TestPartner\Config\POIRandomNum.txt" For Output As #1 'Open for output to replace the old number
Write #1, POIRandomNum 'Input the new number to the text file
Close #1
End Function
Now whenever the Random number Variable is needed I call the above function.