Way beyond my depth here. I have installed gcc using brew. It's located in /usr/local/Cellar/gcc and the directory there is called 9.1.0. But when I type which gcc in a terminal it returns /usr/bin/gcc. In /usr/bin there is a file called gcc created by root with group wheel (If I remember what the columns mean). It's not a symlink. It's some kind of binary file.
When I type gcc --version, I get back
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.7.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
The compiler in /usr/bin/gcc is supplied by Apple.
homebrew installs packages to /usr/local/Cellar and creates symbolic links to whatever it installs in /usr/local/bin. So, if you want to use the homebrew GCC, you need to see what it is called with:
ls /usr/local/bin/gcc*
It is probably gcc-9. Now you need to make sure that /usr/local/bin is on your PATH before (i.e. ahead of) /usr/bin. So, you can do:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
Now you can do:
gcc-9 --version
In general, you want to put that export statement in your login script, probably $HOME/.profile, so things are always set correctly when you log in.
Related
I am trying to use address sanitization when calling my program with clang, however it doesn't seem to be installed. If I type which llvm-symbolizer I get llvm-symbolizer not found. I also checked under /usr/bin and /usr/local/bin and under the location where clang is installed /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin but still I can't find llvm-symbolizer (though there are other llvm-* executables in the last path).
Is there a way I can install this on macos? Also, I couldn't find it in brew. I am using clang built in macos: Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.21).
My version of llvm-symbolizer was installed with Homebrew. You have to install llvm with brew install llvm to get it. It then shows up as:
% which llvm-symbolizer
/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/11.0.0/bin/llvm-symbolizer
By the way, some people may have installed llvm but not linked some binaries to path. The sure-fire way to add all llvm binaries to path is:
PATH="$PATH:$(brew --prefix)/opt/llvm/bin"
$(brew --prefix)/opt/llvm is a symbolic link to the most recent installed version of llvm, and bin is obviously the binaries therein.
Mac 10.13.6 High Sierra here. New to C development and I'm trying to get myself setup with the latest stable/recommended GCC version, which I believe (keep me honest here) is 10.2.
When I go to the terminal to see what I have installed:
$ gcc --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.1)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin17.7.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
$ gcc -dumpversion
4.2.1
OK...surprised to see LLVM/clang-related stuff in the output. So I try this:
$ clang --version
Apple LLVM version 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.1)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin17.7.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
So its almost as if... I have both clang and gcc installed, but my clang installation has assimilated my GCC installation?! Why else would the gcc --version output reference clang?
Is this typical for Mac setups?
What do I need to do to get GCC 10.2 properly installed on my machine?
Here are some simple truths, statements and observations to try and explain what's going on:
Apple ships the clang/LLVM compiler with macOS. Clang is a "front-end" that can parse C, C++ and Objective-C down to something that LLVM (referred to as a "back-end") can compile
Clang/LLVM is located in /Applications/Xcode.app/somewhere
Apple also ships a /usr/bin/gcc which just runs clang. I have no idea why they do that - it doesn't seem very helpful to me - but they don't answer my questions
Apple puts its binaries (programs) in /usr/bin. That is an integral part of macOS and you should never touch or change anything in there - you are asking for problems if you do. This warning applies to Python too.
If you want the real, lovely GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) which includes the gcc, g++ and gfortran compilers, your best bet, IMHO, is to get them from homebrew. I will not put the installation instructions here because they could become outdated, so you should use the ones on the homebrew site.
Once you have homebrew installed, you can install the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) with:
brew install gcc
After that, you will have all the lovely GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) of tools in /usr/local/bin, so you should put that in your PATH, near the beginning, and in any case before /usr/bin, using:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
In general, you should also add a similar line into your login profile, or into the system login profile, so it is set up every time you or any other user logs in.
Let's take a look:
ls /usr/local/bin/gcc* /usr/local/bin/g++*
/usr/local/bin/gcc-10
/usr/local/bin/g++-10
Depending on the versions and updates, you will then have these programs available:
gcc-10 # the real GNU C compiler
g++-10 # the real GNU C++compiler
gfortran # GNU fortran compiler
And you can check their versions with:
gcc-10 -v
g++-10 -v
gfortran -v
Now you know about homebrew, here are some more simple truths and observations:
folks (who are not the supplier of the operating system) who supply binaries (programs) for you should put their stuff in /usr/local to show that it is just a locally installed program rather than a part of the core macOS operating system
homebrew is well-behaved and installs its binaries (programs) in /usr/local/Cellar and then usually makes symbolic links from /usr/local/bin/PROGRAM to the Cellar. None of this interferes with Apple-supplied stuff.
if you want to run the homebrew version of a command, you should have /usr/local/bin first on your PATH
Let's have a look at those symbolic links:
ls -l /usr/local/bin/g*10
lrwxr-xr-x 1 mark admin 31 21 Aug 16:41 /usr/local/bin/g++-10 -> ../Cellar/gcc/10.2.0/bin/g++-10
lrwxr-xr-x 1 mark admin 31 21 Aug 16:41 /usr/local/bin/gcc-10 -> ../Cellar/gcc/10.2.0/bin/gcc-10
If you want to know what you are actually running when you enter a command, use the type command like this.
type gcc
gcc is hashed (/usr/bin/gcc)
That tells you that if you run gcc you will actually be running /usr/bin/gcc which we know is from Apple - because it is in /usr/bin
Now try this:
type gcc-10
gcc-10 is hashed (/usr/local/bin/gcc-10)
That tells you that if you run gcc-10 you will actually be running /usr/local/bin/gcc-10 which we know is from homebrew - because it is in /usr/local/bin
I have XCode installed (Version 7.2.1 (7C1002)) in Yosemite and have downloaded and installed command line tools. When I try to check the gcc version I get:
$ gcc -v
Segmentation fault: 11
$
The output for:
$ type -a gcc
gcc is /usr/local/bin/gcc
gcc is /usr/bin/gcc
$
From what I understand, that should mean that I have it installed so I still don't understand why I can't check it's version. Since I will need gcc for other applications I would like to have it fixed...any suggestions? Do I need to link it somehow?
You have a faulty third-party version of gcc (or perhaps another compiler masquerading as gcc) installed in /usr/local. This may be something put there by Homebrew or maybe you installed this build of gcc yourself or something.
A short-term fix would be to modify your PATH environment variable so that /usr/bin comes before /usr/local/bin. Or, you could just always specify the full path to gcc, such as /usr/bin/gcc -v.
Longer term, you probably want to remove the broken gcc that's been installed to /usr/local. How you do that exactly depends on how you originally installed it there.
I somehow lost the man pages for gcc and g++. I'm not sure where/what to look for. I'm pretty sure the man pages used to work some time ago. It also works on my Mac at work where I use roughly the same setup. Could it be a problem with brew? Or is it a bug in the XCode Command Line Tools?
Update: I just tried to re-install the XCode Command Line Tools. No luck.
~
✓ man gcc
No manual entry for gcc
~
✗ which gcc
/usr/bin/gcc
~
✓ gcc --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.1.0
Thread model: posix
gcc isn't installed anymore by Xcode, it really installs clang and calls it gcc
usxxplayegm1:~ grady$ which gcc
/usr/bin/gcc
usxxplayegm1:~ grady$ /usr/bin/gcc --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.38) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.0.2
Thread model: posix
you need man clang
I thought it was a symlink, but ls -l doesn't list it as a symlink, so either it is a hard link or some other sort of trickery.
This may be old and doesn't quite answers your concrete question, but I found myself in the same problem with Kali Linux and I solved it with this command, maybe is useful for someone:
apt install gcc-doc
Look at how you set MANPATH in your .profile. Instead of, e.g.,
export MANPATH=/opt/local/man:/usr/local/man
you should do
export MANPATH="/opt/local/man:/usr/local/man:$MANPATH"
And then (breathe) open a new Terminal window.
This way your .profile isn't wiping out (or reflecting an old version of) the system's way of setting MANPATH, which is modified when you install (or reinstall) Xcode.
I use High Sierra with g++ 7.2 port. Setting MANPATH environment to /opt/local/man (or to /opt/local/man/man1 where g++.gz is found) did not work. So, after ensuring that the soft link g++.gz points to g++-mp-7.1.gz (there was not a g++-mp-7.2.gz in the man1 directory though g++7.2 is my version), I always use the command:
man /opt/local/share/man/man1/g++.gz
that never fails. You can store an alias for this in your .profile, if you are frequently using the man command for g++.
For anyone who stumbles upon this currently (like I did), I found that I needed to locate my version of gcc (which I had installed with brew). This is annoying when gcc --version gives the clang version instead! To find the correct gcc version, run
$ ls /usr/local/opt/gcc/bin | grep gcc
gcc-10
gcc-ar-10
gcc-nm-10
...
So I had gcc-10. Whenever you wish to use gcc just replace it with gcc-10, e.g. man gcc-10. Of course you could write an alias for gcc to gcc-10, but this probably is not a great idea, as Xcode seems to rely on the gcc --> clang (hard?) link.
Since I have updated to Xcode5, gcc in terminal is aliased as clang. Now I have installed gcc 4.8 through HomeBrew, how can I use gcc in terminal, that is, how to cancel the alias of gcc to clang?
If I type
gcc --version
I will get
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 5.0 (clang-500.2.79) (based on LLVM 3.3svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.0.0
Thread model: posix
So how can I use gcc in terminal? Thanks:)
What does your $PATH look like? Look inside ~/.profile, ~/.bash_profile or wherever you set PATH
You should move /usr/local/bin in front of /usr/bin
This is a PATH where the "home brew directory" has precedence over the system directories:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
Your $PATH should look similar. Your shell should look into /usr/local/bin first, this is the install directory for homebrew tools. Only if the command can't be found there your shell should search the system provided directories like /usr/bin/
Or: run brew doctor. It might tell you what to do exactly.
Trying doing hash -r to reset Bash cached paths after changing your path so that usr/local/bin is in front of /usr/bin