Direct2D draws nothing on a "hardware mode" render target - winapi

Question

I 'm trying to use Direct2D on a render target created by Direct3D according to this MSDN document. The idea not to use a HWND render buffer is for the application to be able to switch targets easily, so I can e.g. render to a bitmap the static painting and use direct commands for any runtime-dependent painting. The code to create the interfaces is the following:
bool CreateD2DC(HWND hh)
{
D2D& d = *this;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] =
{
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_2,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_1
};
auto de = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE;
if (IsCurrentSessionRemoteable())
de = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_SOFTWARE;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL m_featureLevel;
D3D11CreateDevice(
nullptr, // specify null to use the default adapter
de,
0,
D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT, // optionally set debug and Direct2D compatibility flags
featureLevels, // list of feature levels this app can support
ARRAYSIZE(featureLevels), // number of possible feature levels
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&d.device, // returns the Direct3D device created
&m_featureLevel, // returns feature level of device created
&d.context // returns the device immediate context
);
if (!d.device)
return 0;
d.dxgiDevice = d.device;
if (!d.dxgiDevice)
return 0;
D2D1_CREATION_PROPERTIES dp;
dp.threadingMode = D2D1_THREADING_MODE::D2D1_THREADING_MODE_SINGLE_THREADED;
dp.debugLevel = D2D1_DEBUG_LEVEL::D2D1_DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE;
dp.options = D2D1_DEVICE_CONTEXT_OPTIONS::D2D1_DEVICE_CONTEXT_OPTIONS_NONE;
D2D1CreateDevice(d.dxgiDevice, dp, &d.m_d2dDevice);
if (!d.m_d2dDevice)
return 0;
d.m_d2dDevice->CreateDeviceContext(
D2D1_DEVICE_CONTEXT_OPTIONS_NONE,
&d.m_d2dContext);
if (!d.m_d2dContext)
return 0;
// Allocate a descriptor.
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 swapChainDesc = { 0 };
swapChainDesc.Width = 0; // use automatic sizing
swapChainDesc.Height = 0;
swapChainDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM; // this is the most common swapchain format
swapChainDesc.Stereo = false;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; // don't use multi-sampling
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 2; // use double buffering to enable flip
swapChainDesc.Scaling = DXGI_SCALING_NONE;
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_SEQUENTIAL; // all apps must use this SwapEffect
swapChainDesc.Flags = 0;
d.dxgiDevice->GetAdapter(&d.dxgiAdapter);
if (!d.dxgiAdapter)
return 0;
// Get the factory object that created the DXGI device.
d.dxgiAdapter->GetParent(IID_PPV_ARGS(&d.dxgiFactory));
if (!d.dxgiFactory)
return 0;
d.dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(
d.device,
hh, &swapChainDesc,
nullptr, // allow on all displays
nullptr, // allow on all displays
&d.m_swapChain);
if (!d.m_swapChain)
return 0;
d.dxgiDevice->SetMaximumFrameLatency(1);
d.m_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&d.backBuffer));
if (!d.backBuffer)
return 0;
// Now we set up the Direct2D render target bitmap linked to the swapchain.
D2D1_BITMAP_PROPERTIES1 bitmapProperties;
bitmapProperties.bitmapOptions = D2D1_BITMAP_OPTIONS_TARGET | D2D1_BITMAP_OPTIONS_CANNOT_DRAW;
bitmapProperties.pixelFormat.alphaMode = D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_IGNORE;
bitmapProperties.pixelFormat.format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
bitmapProperties.dpiX = 96;
bitmapProperties.dpiY = 96;
bitmapProperties.colorContext = 0;
// Direct2D needs the dxgi version of the backbuffer surface pointer.
d.m_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&d.dxgiBackBuffer));
if (!d.dxgiBackBuffer)
return 0;
// Get a D2D surface from the DXGI back buffer to use as the D2D render target.
d.m_d2dContext->CreateBitmapFromDxgiSurface(
d.dxgiBackBuffer,
&bitmapProperties,
&d.m_d2dTargetBitmap);
if (!d.m_d2dTargetBitmap)
return 0;
// Now we can set the Direct2D render target.
d.m_d2dContext->SetTarget(d.m_d2dTargetBitmap);
return true;
}
The problem is this code:
auto de = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE;
When used, Direct2D writes nothing although EndDraw() returns S_OK. If I use D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_SOFTWARE, everything works correctly.
What am I doing wrong?