a -> b -> c -> d -> e -> f draws straight vertical line of nodes. Why does adding c -> e shift node d to the left and how can I shift it to the right?
c -> e and c -> f shifts d and e to the left and shifts f to the right. How does this thing work?
digraph G {
a -> b -> c -> d -> e -> f
c -> e
c -> f
}
Related
I have a sequence with a known number of elements (from a pcre match) and would like to map this into lexical variables.
I can probably loop over the sequence and put every element onto the stack and then :> ( a b c d ) but is there an idiomatic way to do this ?
Oh and my sequence has more than 4 elements, so first4 doesn't cut it, although I could obviously use first4 and then first3 on a subset of the sequence.
If you are sure that's want you really want to do, you could use firstn from quotations.generalizations:
SYMBOLS: a b c d e f g h ;
[let
{ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 }
8 firstn :> ( a b c d e f g h )
a b c d e f g h . . . . . . . . ]
But it sounds like a bad idea. It's tricky, because the lexical variables are not "real" variables, the compiler converts them into stack shuffling. That's why they don't play nice with macros and :> can't be called like a regular word.
If you use dynamic variables it's easier:
SYMBOLS: a b c d e f g h ;
{ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 }
{ a b c d e f g h } [ set ] 2each
{ a b c d e f g h } [ get . ] each
I have a lot of rectangular matrices where each cell represents some outcome. As matrices are difficult to maintain, it is my goal to rewrite all of them into rules.
Example Matrix 1:
This is easy to turn into rules (pseudocode):
if (i <= 5 and j <=3) then A
else if (i <= 5 and j >=4) then B
else C
How do I rewrite the following matrix?
Plain text:
ij 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 A A A A C C C C B
2 A A A C C C C B B
3 A A C C C C B B B
4 A C C C C B B B B
5 C C C C B B B B B
6 C C C B B B B B B
7 C C B B B B B B B
8 C B B B B B B B B
9 B B B B B B B B B
The second matrix can be represented as:
if (i+j <= 5)
return A;
else if (i+j <= 9)
return C;
else
return B;
In general, you can check which side of a diagonal line a point is on by testing i+j for a / line, or i-j for a \ line.
I am trying to cat the last 2 columns of multiple text files side by side. The files are in a directory of various types of files. All files have >2 columns, but no guarantee all files have the same number of columns.
For example, if I have:
file1.txt
1 a b J H
2 b c E E
3 c d L L
4 d e L L
5 e f O O
file2.txt
1 a b M B
2 b c O E
3 c d O E
I want:
J H M B
E E O E
L L O E
L L
O O
The closest I've got is:
awk '{print $(NF-1), "\t", $NF}' *.txt
Which is almost what I want.
For the concatenation, I was thinking something like here for concatenation
pr -m -t one.txt two.txt
awk 'NR==FNR{a[NR]=$(NF-1)" "$NF;next}{print $(NF-1),$NF,a[FNR]}' file2.txt file1.txt
Tested:
> cat temp2
1 a b M B
2 b c O E
3 c d O E
> cat temp1
1 a b J H
2 b c E E
3 c d L L
4 d e L L
5 e f O O
> awk 'NR==FNR{a[NR]=$(NF-1)" "$NF;next}{print $(NF-1),$NF,a[FNR]}' temp2 temp1
J H M B
E E O E
L L O E
L L
O O
>
join -a1 -a2 one.txt two.txt | cut -d' ' -f4,5,8,9
This question already has answers here:
Deleting columns from a file with awk or from command line on linux
(4 answers)
Closed 8 years ago.
I have a text file that looks like this:
A B C A B C A B C A B
G T C A G T C A G T C
A B C A B C A B C A B
A B C A B C A B C A B
A D E A B D E A B D E
A B C A B C A B C A B
C B D G C B D G C B D
Is there a way to extract only certain columns and leave the other columns intact?
For example removing only columns 2 and 5:
A C A C A B C A B
G C A T C A G T C
A C A C A B C A B
A C A C A B C A B
A E A D E A B D E
A C A C A B C A B
C D G B D G C B D
Thanks in advance.
UPDATE:
Found this answer using awk, but this extract whole "block" of columns and I only want to extract some.
Awk for extracting columns 3 to 5:
awk -F 'FS' 'BEGIN{FS="\t"}{for (i=1; i<=NF-1; i++) if(i<3 || i>5) {printf $i FS};{print $NF}}' input.txt
in your case you could do
cat your_file |cut -d ' ' --complement -s -f2,5
where ' ' is the delimiter(in your case the space)
I have written R code that merges two data frames based on first column and for missing data adds the value from above. Here is what is does:
Two input data frames:
1 a
2 b
3 c
5 d
And
1 e
4 f
6 g
My code gives this output:
1 a e
2 b e
3 c e
4 c f
5 d f
6 d g
My code is however inefficient as it is not vectorized properly. Are there some R functions which I could use? Basically a function I am looking for is that fills in missing values / NA values and takes the value from previous element and puts it in place of NA.
I looked through reference book of R, but could not find anything.
Here is a solution making use of zoo::na.locf
library(zoo)
a <- data.frame(id=c(1,2,3,5), v=c("a","b","c", "d"))
b <- data.frame(id=c(1,4,6), v=c("e", "f", "g"))
n <- max(c(a$id, b$id))
an <- merge(data.frame(id=1:n), a, all.x=T)
bn <- merge(data.frame(id=1:n), b, all.x=T)
an$v <- na.locf(an$v)
bn$v <- na.locf(bn$v)
data.frame(an$id, an$v, bn$v)
an.id an.v bn.v
1 1 a e
2 2 b e
3 3 c e
4 4 c f
5 5 d f
6 6 d g