I have created a table called 'users'.There are tables called 'companies','designations','departments'.I want to add company_id,designation_id,department_id columns to users table as foreign keys.
I tried this but it didn't work
public function up()
{
Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->integer('department_id');
$table->integer('company_id');
$table->integer('designation_id');
$table->foreign('department_id')->references('id')->on('departments')->onDelete('restrict')->onUpdate('restrict');
$table->foreign('company_id')->references('id')->on('companies')->onDelete('restrict')->onUpdate('restrict');
$table->foreign('designation_id')->references('id')->on('designations')->onDelete('restrict')->onUpdate('restrict');
});
}
public function down()
{
Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->dropColumn(['department_id','company_id','designation_id']);
});
}
When I migrate the migration it shows this error.
Illuminate\Database\QueryException : SQLSTATE[HY000]: General
error: 1005 Can't create table lanwadb.users (errno: 150 "Foreign
key constraint is incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table users add
constraint users_department_id_foreign foreign key (department_id)
references departments (id) on delete restrict on update restrict)
Designation migration as follows,
public function up()
{
Schema::create('designations', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name');
$table->timestampsTz();
});
}
Department migration as follows,
public function up()
{
Schema::create('departments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('name');
$table->integer('company_id');
$table->timestampsTz();
});
}
```
To make relationship the foreign key field should be indexed. Here you have three columns you want to use as foreign key 'company_id', 'department_id' and 'designation_id'. In Laravel migration you can use unsigned() function to index them.
Example:
$table->integer('department_id')->unsigned();
$table->integer('company_id')->unsigned();
$table->integer('designation_id')->unsigned();
There is another function called unsignedInteger() by which you can make a column both Integer and Unsigned.
$table->unsignedInteger('department_id');
$table->unsignedInteger('company_id');
$table->unsignedInteger('designation_id');
use this:
$table->integer('department_id')->unsigned()->nullable();
$table->integer('company_id')->unsigned()->nullable();
$table->integer('designation_id')->unsigned()->nullable();
$table->foreign('department_id')->references('id')->on('departments')->onDelete('cascade')->onUpdate('cascade');
$table->foreign('company_id')->references('id')->on('departments')->onDelete('cascade')->onUpdate('cascade');
$table->foreign('designation_id')->references('id')->on('departments')->onDelete('cascade')->onUpdate('cascade');
Related
I have posts table:
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->unsignedBigInteger('imid');
$table->string('name');
$table->text('body');
$table->timestamps();
});
and
images table:
Schema::create('images', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->unsignedBigInteger('imid');
$table->string('name')->nullable();
$table->longText('image_path')->nullable();
$table->timestamps();
});
I am trying to add a foreign field to existing posts table in a separate migration:
public function up()
{
Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->foreign('imid')->references('imid')->on('images')->onDelete('cascade');
});
}
public function down()
{
Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->dropColumn('imid');
});
}
But when I run
php artisan migrate
I get error:
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1215 Cannot add foreign key constraint (SQL: alter table `posts` add constraint `posts_imid_foreign` foreign key (`imid`) references `images` (`imid`) on delete cascade)
It seems I do it right. What am I missing here?
Check that both your tables have the columns for which you create the foreign key (imid) and that these columns have the same types. You can use the following commands to do this:
DESCRIBE posts;
DESCRIBE images;
Next, check if posts table has no imid values which point to non-existing records in the images table (If they are - connect them to existing ones or remove them)
SELECT posts.id, posts.imid FROM posts
LEFT JOIN images ON posts.imid = images.imid
WHERE images.id IS NULL;
Make sure your tables are using InnoDB engine
SHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE name = 'posts';
if Engine != InnoDB then run:
ALTER TABLE posts ENGINE = InnoDB;
Finally, I suggest that you change the down method of your migration so that it does the reverse of the up method:
Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->dropForeign('posts_imid_foreign');
});
I'm trying to create foreign keys in Laravel however when I migrate my table using artisan i am thrown the following error:
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `bright`.`carts` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table `carts` add constraint `carts_product_id_foreign` foreign key (`product_id`) references `products` (`id`) on delete cascade)
My migration code is as so: carts migration file
public function up()
{
Schema::create('carts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('id');
$table->integer('product_id')->unsigned();
$table->integer('customer_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products')->onDelete('cascade');
$table->foreign('customer_id')->references('id')->on('customers')->onDelete('cascade');
$table->string('quantity');
});
}
products migration file
public function up()
{
Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('id');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('unit');
$table->decimal('price', 6, 3);
$table->string('img_url');
$table->string('description');
$table->integer('sold');
$table->integer('in_stock');
});
}
customers migration file
public function up()
{
Schema::create('customers', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('id');
$table->string('first_name');
$table->string('last_name');
$table->string('phone_number');
$table->string('address');
$table->string('zip')->nullable();
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->string('user_name')->unique();
$table->string('password');
});
}
Any ideas as to what I've done wrong, I want to get this right now, as I've got a lot of tables I need to create e.g. carts, products, customers. Ideally I want to create carts table which hold this data with the foreign keys, i..e product_id and cart_id
Try using this structure.
$table->foreignIdFor(Product::class);
$table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products');
$table->foreignIdFor(Customer::class);
$table->foreign('customer_id')->references('id')->on('customers');
Also make sure, your products and customers migrations run before your carts migrations, and your models are imported to your migrations.
You can use like this.
$table->unsignedBigInteger('product_id')->nullable();
$table->foreign('product_id')->references('id')->on('products');
$table->unsignedBigInteger('customer_id')->nullable();
$table->foreign('customer_id')->references('id')->on('customers');
I am using Laravel 5.8 and package "goldspecdigital/laravel-eloquent-uuid" because I need to use UUID4 and here is my migration file:
public function up()
{
Schema::create('images', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('id');
// $table->timestamps();
$table->string('path');
$table->uuid('visit_id');
$table->foreign('visit_id')->references('id')->on('visits');
});
}
I get the following error:
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table doctors
_pharmacy.images (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table images
add constraint images_visit_id_foreign foreign key (visit_id) references visits (id))
How do I solve this?
Update the schema for visits and images as follows.
Then run php artisan migrate cmd.
visits table schema
public function up()
{
Schema::create('visits', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->uuid('id')->primary();
// your column will be here
......
......
$table->timestamps();
});
}
images table schema
public function up()
{
Schema::create('images', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('id');
$table->string('path');
$table->uuid('visit_id');
$table->foreign('visit_id')->references('id')->on('visits');
});
}
I user below tutorial for laravel categories :
Laravel categories with dynamic deep paths
I use below code same tutorial for migration :
public function up()
{
Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('id');
$table->string('title');
$table->string('slug');
$table->integer('parent_id')->unsigned()->default(0);
$table->timestamps();
});
Schema::table('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->foreign('parent_id')->references('id')->on('categories')->onUpdate('cascade')->onDelete('cascade');
});
}
but I have below error :
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table 'xxx'.'#sql-453_147' (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed")
(SQL: alter table 'categories' add constraint 'categories_parent_id_foreign' foreign key ('parent_id') references 'categories' ('id') on delete cascade on update cascade)
Thanks for help
When creating a new table in Laravel. A migration will be generated like:
$table->bigIncrements('id');
Instead of (in older Laravel versions):
$table->increments('id');
When using bigIncrements the foreign key expects a bigInteger instead of an integer. So your code will look like this:
public function up()
{
Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('id');
$table->string('title');
$table->string('slug');
$table->bigInteger('parent_id')->unsigned()->default(0);
$table->timestamps();
});
Schema::table('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->foreign('parent_id')->references('id')->on('categories')->onUpdate('cascade')->onDelete('cascade');
});
}
The problem is because of the difference of the column types. So unlike the tutorial you are using bigIncrements which means big integer for the ID and using the default integer for the parent_id. Try changing the id to this:
$table->increments('id');
or your parent_id to this:
$table->bigInteger('parent_id')->unsigned()->default(0);
I am beginner in laravel. I am having problem in adding foreign key in laravel. I tried but I can't find the error.
[Illuminate\Database\QueryException]
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table laravel_home1
#sql-4b8_2a (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed")
(SQL: alter table `posts` add constraint
`posts_comment_id_foreign` foreign key (`comment_id`) references
`comments` (`id`))
post table migration code
public function up()
{
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('title');
$table->string('content');
$table->integer('comment_id')->unsigned();
});
Schema::table('posts', function ($table) {
$table->foreign('comment_id')
->references('id')
->on('comments');
});
}
comments table migration code
public function up()
{
Schema::create('comments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('comment');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
public function down()
{
Schema::drop('comments');
}
Problems with adding foreign key in laravel come with 3 reasons:
You have already done some rollbacks or migrated the same migration file multiple times and they are saved in cache and thus causing the problem
You forgot to put ->unsigned(); at the end of that index.
The table with primary key which is later used elsewhere as a foreign key is not migrated previously.
Either way try to put ->unsigned(); at the end like this
$table->integer('item_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('item_id')->references('id')->on('items');
and then run composer dump-autoload
and then php artisan migrate
and this should work!
UPDATE
I have found what is wrong with your migration:
Replace this:
public function up()
{
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('title');
$table->string('content');
$table->integer('comment_id')->unsigned();
});
Schema::table('posts', function ($table) {
$table->foreign('comment_id')
->references('id')
->on('comments');
});
}
With this:
public function up()
{
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('title');
$table->string('content');
$table->integer('comment_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('comment_id')
->references('id')
->on('comments');
});
}