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I created a D3D11 device and can perform operations such as rendering pictures smoothly, but in order to also support GDI, I tried several methods:
Through swapchain -> GetBuffer(ID3D11Texture2D) -> CreateDxgiSurfaceRenderTarget -> ID2D1GdiInteropRenderTarget -> GetDC, finally get the DC. It runs normally on my Win10, but an exception report when running GetDC on Win7: _com_error.
Via swapchain -> GetBuffer(IDXGISurface1) -> GetDC, same as 1.
I suspect that the ID3D11Texture2D/IDXGISurface1 obtained by GetBuffer on Win7 will have some restrictions on the use of GDI, so I changed to dynamically create a new ID3D11Texture2D by myself, and now use DC alone/D3D11 drawing interface alone It works fine, but if I interoperate, I will find that gdi opertaion is drawn on the custom-created ID3D11Texture2D instead of the back_buffer of swapchain:
_d3d->Clear();
_d3d->DrawImage();
HDC hdc = _d3d->GetDC();
DrawRectangleByGDI(hdc);
_d3d->ReleaseDC();
_d3d->Present();
So how to do it: Whether the D3D or DC methods is drawn, they are all on the same ID3D11Texture2D? This way, it is also convenient for my CopyResource.
HRESULT CGraphRender::Resize(const UINT32& width, const UINT32& height)
{
_back_texture2d = nullptr;
_back_rendertarget_view = nullptr;
_dc_texture2d = nullptr;
_dc_render_target = nullptr;
float dpi = GetDpiFromD2DFactory(_d2d_factory);
//Backbuffer
HRESULT hr = _swap_chain->ResizeBuffers(2, width, height, DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, _is_gdi_compatible ? DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_GDI_COMPATIBLE : 0);
RETURN_ON_FAIL(hr);
hr = _swap_chain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (void**)&_back_texture2d);
RETURN_ON_FAIL(hr);
hr = CreateD3D11Texture2D(_d3d_device, width, height, &_dc_texture2d);
RETURN_ON_FAIL(hr);
D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESC rtv;
rtv.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
rtv.ViewDimension = D3D11_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
rtv.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
hr = _d3d_device->CreateRenderTargetView(_back_texture2d, &rtv, &_back_rendertarget_view);
RETURN_ON_FAIL(hr);
...
}
HRESULT CGraphRender::Clear(float color[])
{
CComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> immediate_context;
_d3d_device->GetImmediateContext(&immediate_context);
if (!immediate_context)
{
return E_UNEXPECTED;
}
ID3D11RenderTargetView* ref_renderTargetView = _back_rendertarget_view;
immediate_context->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &ref_renderTargetView, nullptr);
immediate_context->ClearRenderTargetView(_back_rendertarget_view, color);
return S_OK;
}
HDC CGraphRender::GetDC()
{
if (_is_gdi_compatible)
{
CComPtr<IDXGISurface1> gdi_surface;
HRESULT hr = _dc_texture2d->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGISurface1), (void**)&gdi_surface);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
HDC hdc = nullptr;
hr = gdi_surface->GetDC(TRUE, &hdc);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
return hdc;
}
}
}
return nullptr;
}
HRESULT CGraphRender::CopyTexture(ID3D11Texture2D* dst_texture, ID3D11Texture2D* src_texture, POINT* dst_topleft/* = nullptr*/, POINT* src_topleft/* = nullptr*/)
{
if (!dst_texture && !src_texture)
{
return E_INVALIDARG;
}
CComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> immediate_context;
_d3d_device->GetImmediateContext(&immediate_context);
if (!immediate_context)
{
return E_UNEXPECTED;
}
ID3D11Texture2D* dst_texture_real = dst_texture ? dst_texture : _dc_texture2d;
POINT dst_topleft_real = dst_topleft ? (*dst_topleft) : POINT{ 0, 0 };
ID3D11Texture2D* src_texture_real = src_texture ? src_texture : _dc_texture2d;
POINT src_topleft_real = src_topleft ? (*src_topleft) : POINT{ 0, 0 };
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC src_desc = { 0 };
src_texture_real->GetDesc(&src_desc);
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC dst_desc = { 0 };
dst_texture_real->GetDesc(&dst_desc);
if (!dst_topleft_real.x && !src_topleft_real.x && !dst_topleft_real.y && !src_topleft_real.y && dst_desc.Width == src_desc.Width && dst_desc.Height == src_desc.Height)
{
immediate_context->CopyResource(dst_texture_real, src_texture_real);
}
else
{
D3D11_BOX src_box;
src_box.left = min((UINT)src_topleft_real.x, (UINT)dst_topleft_real.x + dst_desc.Width);
src_box.top = min((UINT)src_topleft_real.y, (UINT)dst_topleft_real.y + dst_desc.Height);
src_box.right = min((UINT)src_box.left + src_desc.Width, (UINT)dst_topleft_real.x + dst_desc.Width);
src_box.bottom = min((UINT)src_box.top + src_desc.Height, (UINT)dst_topleft_real.y + dst_desc.Height);
src_box.front = 0;
src_box.back = 1;
ATLASSERT(src_box.left < src_box.right);
ATLASSERT(src_box.top < src_box.bottom);
immediate_context->CopySubresourceRegion(dst_texture_real, 0, dst_topleft_real.x, dst_topleft_real.y, 0, src_texture_real, 0, &src_box);
}
return S_OK;
}
I don’t think Windows 7 supports what you’re trying to do. Here’s some alternatives.
Switch from GDI to something else that can render 2D graphics with D3D11. Direct2D is the most straightforward choice here. And DirectWrite if you want text in addition to rectangles.
If your 2D content is static or only changes rarely, you can use GDI+ to render into in-memory RGBA device context, create Direct3D11 texture with that data, and render a full-screen triangle with that texture.
You can overlay another Win32 window on top of your Direct3D 11 rendering one, and use GDI to render into that one. The GDI window on top must have WS_EX_LAYERED expended style, and you must update it with UpdateLayeredWindow API. This method is the most complicated and least reliable, though.
https://learn.microsoft.com/ko-kr/windows/win32/direct2d/direct2d-quickstart-with-device-context
By following above, I typed the Direct2D base code which draw a rectangle. But It didn't draw anything. What is the reason?
It is the result after making a empty project and setting sub system to WINDOW in project properties.
#pragma comment(lib, "D2D1.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "D3D11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "DXGI.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "dxguid.lib")
#include <windows.h>
#include <d2d1.h>
#include <d2d1helper.h>
#include <d2d1_1.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <dxgi.h>
#include <dxgi1_2.h>
#include <wrl.h>
#include <wincodec.h>
using namespace D2D1;
using namespace Microsoft::WRL;
HINSTANCE g_hInst;
HWND hWndMain;
LPCTSTR lpszClass = TEXT("DeviceContext Test");
int m_dpi = 96;
ComPtr<ID2D1Factory1> m_d2dFactory;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL m_featureLevel;
ComPtr<ID2D1Device> m_d2dDevice;
ComPtr<ID2D1DeviceContext> m_d2dContext;
ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain1> m_swapChain;
ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap1> m_d2dTargetBitmap;
ComPtr<ID3D11Device> device;
ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> context;
ComPtr<IDXGIDevice1> dxgiDevice;
ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> dxgiAdapter;
ComPtr<IDXGIFactory2> dxgiFactory;
ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> backBuffer;
ComPtr<IDXGISurface> dxgiBackBuffer;
void onInit();
void onPaint();
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance
, LPSTR lpszCmdParam, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
MSG Message;
WNDCLASS WndClass;
g_hInst = hInstance;
WndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
WndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
WndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
WndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
WndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
WndClass.hInstance = hInstance;
WndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
WndClass.lpszClassName = lpszClass;
WndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
WndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
RegisterClass(&WndClass);
hWnd = CreateWindow(lpszClass, lpszClass, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
//CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
1400, 500, 500, 500,
NULL, (HMENU)NULL, hInstance, NULL);
hWndMain = hWnd;
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
while (GetMessage(&Message, NULL, 0, 0)) {
TranslateMessage(&Message);
DispatchMessage(&Message);
}
return (int)Message.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT iMessage, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
switch (iMessage) {
case WM_CREATE:
hWndMain = hWnd;
onInit();
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
onPaint();
InvalidateRect(hWnd, 0, 0);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return(DefWindowProc(hWnd, iMessage, wParam, lParam));
}
void onPaint()
{
HRESULT res;
m_d2dContext->SetTarget(m_d2dTargetBitmap.Get());
auto size = m_d2dTargetBitmap->GetSize();
ComPtr<ID2D1SolidColorBrush> pBlackBrush;
res = m_d2dContext->CreateSolidColorBrush(
D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black),
&pBlackBrush
);
m_d2dContext->BeginDraw();
D2D1_RECT_F rc;
rc.left = rc.top = 100;
rc.right = rc.bottom = 200;
m_d2dContext->DrawRectangle(rc, pBlackBrush.Get());
res = m_d2dContext->EndDraw();
RECT rect = { 0, 0, 400, 400 };
DXGI_PRESENT_PARAMETERS parameters;
parameters.DirtyRectsCount = 1;
parameters.pDirtyRects = ▭
parameters.pScrollOffset = 0;
parameters.pScrollRect = 0;
res = m_swapChain->Present1(1, 0, ¶meters);
}
void onInit()
{
D2D1_FACTORY_OPTIONS options;
options.debugLevel = D2D1_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR;
D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, __uuidof(ID2D1Factory1), &options, &m_d2dFactory);
// This flag adds support for surfaces with a different color channel ordering than the API default.
// You need it for compatibility with Direct2D.
UINT creationFlags = D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT;
// This array defines the set of DirectX hardware feature levels this app supports.
// The ordering is important and you should preserve it.
// Don't forget to declare your app's minimum required feature level in its
// description. All apps are assumed to support 9.1 unless otherwise stated.
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] =
{
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_2,
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_1
};
// Create the DX11 API device object, and get a corresponding context.
D3D11CreateDevice(
nullptr, // specify null to use the default adapter
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
0,
creationFlags, // optionally set debug and Direct2D compatibility flags
featureLevels, // list of feature levels this app can support
ARRAYSIZE(featureLevels), // number of possible feature levels
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&device, // returns the Direct3D device created
&m_featureLevel, // returns feature level of device created
&context // returns the device immediate context
);
// Obtain the underlying DXGI device of the Direct3D11 device.
device.As(&dxgiDevice);
// Obtain the Direct2D device for 2-D rendering.
m_d2dFactory->CreateDevice(dxgiDevice.Get(), &m_d2dDevice);
// Get Direct2D device's corresponding device context object.
m_d2dDevice->CreateDeviceContext(
D2D1_DEVICE_CONTEXT_OPTIONS_NONE,
&m_d2dContext
);
// Allocate a descriptor.
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 swapChainDesc = { 0 };
swapChainDesc.Width = 0; // use automatic sizing
swapChainDesc.Height = 0;
swapChainDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM; // this is the most common swapchain format
swapChainDesc.Stereo = false;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; // don't use multi-sampling
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 2; // use double buffering to enable flip
swapChainDesc.Scaling = DXGI_SCALING_NONE;
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_SEQUENTIAL; // all apps must use this SwapEffect
swapChainDesc.Flags = 0;
// Identify the physical adapter (GPU or card) this device is runs on.
dxgiDevice->GetAdapter(&dxgiAdapter);
// Get the factory object that created the DXGI device.
dxgiAdapter->GetParent(IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiFactory));
// Get the final swap chain for this window from the DXGI factory.
dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(
device.Get(),
hWndMain,
&swapChainDesc,
nullptr, // allow on all displays
nullptr,
&m_swapChain
);
// Ensure that DXGI doesn't queue more than one frame at a time.
dxgiDevice->SetMaximumFrameLatency(1);
// Get the backbuffer for this window which is be the final 3D render target.
m_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&backBuffer));
// Now we set up the Direct2D render target bitmap linked to the swapchain.
// Whenever we render to this bitmap, it is directly rendered to the
// swap chain associated with the window.
D2D1_BITMAP_PROPERTIES1 bitmapProperties =
BitmapProperties1(
D2D1_BITMAP_OPTIONS_TARGET | D2D1_BITMAP_OPTIONS_CANNOT_DRAW,
PixelFormat(DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_IGNORE),
m_dpi,
m_dpi
);
// Direct2D needs the dxgi version of the backbuffer surface pointer.
m_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgiBackBuffer));
// Get a D2D surface from the DXGI back buffer to use as the D2D render target.
m_d2dContext->CreateBitmapFromDxgiSurface(
dxgiBackBuffer.Get(),
&bitmapProperties,
&m_d2dTargetBitmap
);
}
I'm creating a c++ project using Embarcadero RAD Studio (10.2 Tokyo starter) and the Windows GDI to draw text, via the DrawText() function.
I recently saw that Windows 10 provides a new "Segoe UI Emoji" font, that potentially allows text functions to draw colored emojis. I found several examples using Direct2D, but none with pure GDI functions.
I also tried a simple code, like this:
HDC hDC = ::GetDC(Handle);
std::auto_ptr<TCanvas> pCanvas(new TCanvas());
pCanvas->Handle = hDC;
pCanvas->Brush->Color = clWhite;
pCanvas->Brush->Style = bsSolid;
pCanvas->FillRect(TRect(0, 0, ClientWidth, ClientHeight));
const std::wstring text = L"Test 😀 😬 😁 😂 😃 😄 😅 😆";
TRect textRect(10, 10, ClientWidth - 10, ClientHeight - 10);
hFont = ::CreateFont(-40,
0,
0,
0,
FW_DONTCARE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
FALSE,
DEFAULT_CHARSET,
OUT_OUTLINE_PRECIS,
CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
CLEARTYPE_QUALITY,
VARIABLE_PITCH,
L"Segoe UI Emoji");
::SelectObject(hDC, hFont);
::DrawTextW(hDC,
text.c_str(),
text.length(),
&textRect,
DT_LEFT | DT_TOP | DT_SINGLELINE);
::DeleteObject(hFont);
The output result sounds good in terms of symbols, but they are drawn in black&white, without colors, as you can see on the screenshot below:
I could not find any additional options that may allow the text to be drawn using colored symbols instead of black&white. Is there a way to activate the support of the color in GDI DrawText() function, and if yes, how to do that? Or only Direct2D may draw colored emojis?
EDITED on 30.10.2017
As the GDI cannot do the job (unfortunately, and as I thought) I publish here the Direct2D version of the above code, that worked for me.
const std::wstring text = L"Test 😀 😬 😁 😂 😃 😄 😅 😆";
HDC hDC = ::GetDC(Handle);
std::auto_ptr<TCanvas> pGDICanvas(new TCanvas());
pGDICanvas->Handle = hDC;
pGDICanvas->Brush->Color = clWhite;
pGDICanvas->Brush->Style = bsSolid;
pGDICanvas->FillRect(TRect(0, 0, ClientWidth, ClientHeight));
::D2D1_RECT_F textRect;
textRect.left = 10;
textRect.top = 10;
textRect.right = ClientWidth - 10;
textRect.bottom = ClientHeight - 10;
std::auto_ptr<TDirect2DCanvas> pCanvas(new TDirect2DCanvas(hDC, TRect(0, 0, ClientWidth, ClientHeight)));
// configure Direct2D font
pCanvas->Font->Size = 40;
pCanvas->Font->Name = L"Segoe UI Emoji";
pCanvas->Font->Orientation = 0;
pCanvas->Font->Pitch = System::Uitypes::TFontPitch::fpVariable;
pCanvas->Font->Style = TFontStyles();
// get DirectWrite text format object
_di_IDWriteTextFormat pFormat = pCanvas->Font->Handle;
if (!pFormat)
return;
pCanvas->RenderTarget->SetTextAntialiasMode(D2D1_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_MODE_CLEARTYPE);
::D2D1_COLOR_F color;
color.r = 0.0f;
color.g = 0.0f;
color.b = 0.0f;
color.a = 1.0f;
::ID2D1SolidColorBrush* pBrush = NULL;
// create solid color brush, use pen color if rect is completely filled with outline
pCanvas->RenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush(color, &pBrush);
if (!pBrush)
return;
// set horiz alignment
pFormat->SetTextAlignment(DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEADING);
// set vert alignment
pFormat->SetParagraphAlignment(DWRITE_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT_NEAR);
// set reading direction
pFormat->SetReadingDirection(DWRITE_READING_DIRECTION_LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
// set word wrapping mode
pFormat->SetWordWrapping(DWRITE_WORD_WRAPPING_NO_WRAP);
IDWriteInlineObject* pInlineObject = NULL;
::DWRITE_TRIMMING trimming;
trimming.delimiter = 0;
trimming.delimiterCount = 0;
trimming.granularity = DWRITE_TRIMMING_GRANULARITY_NONE;
// set text trimming
pFormat->SetTrimming(&trimming, pInlineObject);
pCanvas->BeginDraw();
pCanvas->RenderTarget->DrawText(text.c_str(), text.length(), pFormat, textRect, pBrush,
D2D1_DRAW_TEXT_OPTIONS_ENABLE_COLOR_FONT);
pCanvas->EndDraw();
Of course this code will draw colored emojis only on the currently most recent versions of Windows 10, and above. On previous versions the text will be drawn as above (and the code may not compile).
Bonus Reading
MSDN: Color Fonts with DirectWrite, Direct2D, and Win2D
GDI does not support color fonts (even if you go the full Uniscribe route), you have to use Direct2D if you want color font support. It makes sense that the simpler GDI APIs don't support color fonts as color fonts require using OpenType tags and none of DrawText/TextOut provide that level of control, Uniscribe allows for such tags but has simply not been extended to support color fonts.
You can use DirectWrite to draw colored emojis onto a bitmap in memory DC, then BitBlt() to your destination DC.
Basically, you need to implement a custom IDWriteTextRenderer class and call IDWriteTextLayout::Draw() with your renderer, then copy the result.
In your class, you retrieve IDWriteGdiInterop from IDWriteFactory and call IDWriteGdiInterop::CreateBitmapRenderTarget() to get the bitmap render target; call IDWriteFactory::CreateMonitorRenderingParams() to get the rendering parameters, and call IDWriteFactory::CreateTextFormat() to set up your text format.
The only significant method is DrawGlyphRun(), where you get IDWriteColorGlyphRunEnumerator with IDWriteFactory2::TranslateColorGlyphRun() and with each color run, call IDWriteBitmapRenderTarget::DrawGlyphRun() to do the work for you.
Just remember to update the render target/parameters when the window size/position changes.
You may reference this MSDN documentation:
Render to a GDI Surface
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff485856(v=vs.85).aspx
As mentioned by #SoronelHaetir's answer above, the win32 graphics device interface (GDI) that is used when working with static window components (via WC_STATIC) doesn't support colorized fonts. In order to display colored emojis and/or "fancier" text (i.e. colored text, etc.), you'll need to use the Direct2D API.
The example above provided by original poster (OP) #Jean-Milost Reymond isn't something that is immediately able to be compiled and tried out by the reader. Also, it uses the TCanvas class, which isn't strictly needed when working directly with the Win32 API.
For people looking for a complete example that works on the bare-metal Win32 API and can be immediately copied and pasted and compiled, then here is the code that will compile in Visual Studio:
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers
// Windows Header Files
#include <windows.h>
// C RunTime Header Files
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <d2d1.h>
#include <d2d1helper.h>
#include <dwrite.h>
#include <wincodec.h>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
#pragma comment(lib, "d2d1.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "Dwrite.lib")
HWND WindowHandle = nullptr;
IDWriteFactory * DWriteFactory = nullptr;
ID2D1Factory * Direct2dFactory = nullptr;
ID2D1HwndRenderTarget * RenderTarget = nullptr;
ID2D1SolidColorBrush * TextBlackBrush = nullptr;
const std::wstring DISPLAY_TEXT = L"Test 😀 😬 😁 😂 😃 😄 😅 😆";
template<class Interface>
inline void SafeRelease (Interface ** ppInterfaceToRelease);
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd,
UINT message,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam);
HRESULT CreateDeviceIndependentResources ();
HRESULT InitInstance (HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow);
void DiscardDeviceResources ();
HRESULT OnRender ();
HRESULT CreateDeviceResources ();
template<class Interface>
inline void SafeRelease (Interface ** ppInterfaceToRelease)
{
if (*ppInterfaceToRelease != NULL)
{
(*ppInterfaceToRelease)->Release ();
(*ppInterfaceToRelease) = NULL;
}
}
HRESULT OnRender ()
{
HRESULT Result = S_OK;
D2D1_SIZE_F RenderCanvasArea = { 0 };
IDWriteTextFormat * TextFormat = nullptr;
D2D1_RECT_F TextCanvasArea = { 0 };
Result = CreateDeviceResources ();
if (SUCCEEDED (Result))
{
RenderTarget->BeginDraw ();
RenderCanvasArea = RenderTarget->GetSize ();
RenderTarget->Clear (D2D1::ColorF (D2D1::ColorF::White));
if (SUCCEEDED (Result))
{
Result = DWriteFactory->CreateTextFormat (L"Segoe UI",
nullptr,
DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT_REGULAR,
DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL,
DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL,
25.0f,
L"en-us",
&TextFormat);
TextFormat->SetTextAlignment (DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEADING);
TextFormat->SetParagraphAlignment (DWRITE_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT_NEAR);
TextFormat->SetReadingDirection (DWRITE_READING_DIRECTION_LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
TextFormat->SetWordWrapping (DWRITE_WORD_WRAPPING_WRAP);
if (SUCCEEDED (Result) &&
TextFormat != nullptr)
{
TextCanvasArea = D2D1::RectF (0,
0,
RenderCanvasArea.width,
RenderCanvasArea.height);
RenderTarget->DrawTextW (DISPLAY_TEXT.c_str (),
static_cast <UINT32> (DISPLAY_TEXT.size ()),
TextFormat,
TextCanvasArea,
TextBlackBrush,
D2D1_DRAW_TEXT_OPTIONS_ENABLE_COLOR_FONT);
}
}
Result = RenderTarget->EndDraw ();
}
if (Result == D2DERR_RECREATE_TARGET)
{
DiscardDeviceResources ();
Result = S_OK;
}
return Result;
}
HRESULT CreateDeviceResources ()
{
HRESULT Result = S_OK;
RECT rc = { 0 };
if (!RenderTarget)
{
GetClientRect (WindowHandle,
&rc);
D2D1_SIZE_U size = D2D1::SizeU (rc.right - rc.left,
rc.bottom - rc.top);
// Create a Direct2D render target.
Result = Direct2dFactory->CreateHwndRenderTarget (D2D1::RenderTargetProperties (),
D2D1::HwndRenderTargetProperties (WindowHandle, size),
&RenderTarget);
if (SUCCEEDED (Result))
{
// Create a blue brush.
Result = RenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush (D2D1::ColorF (D2D1::ColorF::Black),
&TextBlackBrush);
}
}
return Result;
}
void DiscardDeviceResources ()
{
SafeRelease (&RenderTarget);
SafeRelease (&TextBlackBrush);
}
HRESULT InitInstance (HINSTANCE hInstance,
int nCmdShow)
{
HRESULT Result = S_OK;
// Create the window.
WindowHandle = CreateWindow (L"D2DTextDemo",
L"Direct2D Text Demo Application",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
600,
200,
nullptr,
nullptr,
hInstance,
nullptr);
if (WindowHandle == nullptr)
{
Result = E_POINTER;
}
else
{
ShowWindow (WindowHandle,
nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow (WindowHandle);
}
return Result;
}
HRESULT CreateDeviceIndependentResources ()
{
HRESULT Result = S_OK;
Result = D2D1CreateFactory (D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED,
&Direct2dFactory);
if (SUCCEEDED (Result))
{
Result = DWriteCreateFactory (DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED,
__uuidof (IDWriteFactory),
reinterpret_cast <IUnknown **> (&DWriteFactory));
}
return Result;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd,
UINT message,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam)
{
LRESULT Result = 0;
switch (message)
{
case WM_SIZE:
{
UINT width = LOWORD (lParam);
UINT height = HIWORD (lParam);
if (RenderTarget != nullptr)
{
// Note: This method can fail, but it's okay to ignore the
// error here, because the error will be returned again
// the next time EndDraw is called.
RenderTarget->Resize (D2D1::SizeU (width,
height));
}
}
break;
case WM_DISPLAYCHANGE:
{
InvalidateRect (hwnd, nullptr, FALSE);
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
{
OnRender ();
ValidateRect (hwnd,
nullptr);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage (0);
Result = 1;
}
break;
default:
{
Result = DefWindowProc (hwnd,
message,
wParam,
lParam);
}
break;
}
return Result;
}
int APIENTRY wWinMain (_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
_In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
_In_ LPWSTR lpCmdLine,
_In_ int nCmdShow)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER (hInstance);
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER (hPrevInstance);
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER (lpCmdLine);
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER (nCmdShow);
HRESULT ExitCode = S_OK;
MSG NextMessage = { 0 };
WNDCLASSEX wcex = { 0 };
ATOM WindowClassId = 0;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof (WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = sizeof (LONG_PTR);
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
wcex.hbrBackground = nullptr;
wcex.lpszMenuName = nullptr;
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor (nullptr, IDI_APPLICATION);
wcex.lpszClassName = L"D2DTextDemo";
if (SUCCEEDED (CoInitialize (nullptr)))
{
WindowClassId = RegisterClassEx (&wcex);
if (WindowClassId == 0)
{
ExitCode = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32 (GetLastError ());
}
if (SUCCEEDED (ExitCode))
{
ExitCode = CreateDeviceIndependentResources ();
}
if (SUCCEEDED (ExitCode))
{
ExitCode = InitInstance (hInstance,
nCmdShow);
}
if (SUCCEEDED (ExitCode))
{
while (GetMessage (&NextMessage,
nullptr,
0,
0))
{
TranslateMessage (&NextMessage);
DispatchMessage (&NextMessage);
}
}
CoUninitialize ();
SafeRelease (&Direct2dFactory);
SafeRelease (&DWriteFactory);
SafeRelease (&RenderTarget);
}
return ExitCode;
}
(The above example doesn't have perfect error handling, so it's important to audit this example code if the following is used in any project the reader is working on.)
Before attempting to compile this in Visual Studio, make sure your project has the "SubSystem" linker option set to Windows /SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS.
Once compiled successfully, the following application window will appear:
I tested this coded example in Visual Studio 2022 Community Edition on Windows 11 with success.
Reference(s):
Creating a Simple Direct2D Application
Tutorial: Getting Started with DirectWrite
I've followed this tutorial and got it all working: http://www.braynzarsoft.net/index.php?p=InitDX11
The result is a window with a constantly changing background color. The trouble is that the color stops changing while the window is being dragged around. I've tried adding the following case statements (in various combinations) to the WndProc callback, but to no avail:
case WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE:
SetTimer(hwnd, 1, USER_TIMER_MINIMUM, NULL);
return 0;
case WM_EXITSIZEMOVE:
KillTimer(hwnd, 1);
return 0;
case WM_TIMER:
RedrawWindow(hwnd, NULL, NULL, RDW_INVALIDATE | RDW_INTERNALPAINT);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
UpdateScene();
DrawScene();
return 0;
The above causes an exception at d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor), but I've also tried merging the WM_PAINT case into the WM_TIMER case, and all I got was flickering between the natural window background color and the current color of the DX scene (the color of the DX portion of the flicker never evolved, it stayed constant no matter for how long I dragged the window).
Any tips?
A better option is to just not draw while in a resize. There's not usually a lot of value in having the backbuffer resized over and over again. Just wait until the resize is complete to resize the buffer.
static bool s_in_sizemove = false;
static bool s_in_suspend = false;
static bool s_minimized = false;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
break;
case WM_SIZE:
if (wParam == SIZE_MINIMIZED)
{
if (!s_minimized)
{
s_minimized = true;
if (!s_in_suspend)
OnSuspending();
s_in_suspend = true;
}
}
else if (s_minimized)
{
s_minimized = false;
if (s_in_suspend)
OnResuming();
s_in_suspend = false;
}
else if ( !s_in_sizemove )
OnWindowSizeChanged();
break;
case WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE:
s_in_sizemove = true;
break;
case WM_EXITSIZEMOVE:
s_in_sizemove = false;
OnWindowSizeChanged();
break;
case WM_GETMINMAXINFO:
{
auto info = reinterpret_cast<MINMAXINFO*>(lParam);
info->ptMinTrackSize.x = 320;
info->ptMinTrackSize.y = 200;
}
break;
You have to release all the backbuffer and depth-buffer references and recreate them in OnWindowSizedChange.
The actual rendering is done as part of the message pump for most 'real-time' graphics apps:
// Main message loop
MSG msg = { 0 };
while (WM_QUIT != msg.message)
{
if (PeekMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else
{
Tick();
}
}
Here Tick handles a timer update and the render.
See the Direct3D Win32 Game Visual Studio template for a complete example.
Update: If the 'blank window' bothers you during the resize, but you are fine with the default behavior of DXGI_SCALING_STRETCH during the resize, you can replace the WM_PAINT above with:
case WM_PAINT:
if (s_in_sizemove)
{
game->Tick();
}
else
{
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
}
break;
I had same problem. I thought solution would be complicated. However, no. That is about mesage pool. DX should use same thread and indeed you use your rendering (Ex: myRender(){..} ) in that loop In my case Frame(); is the bool returnable I use for rendering that contains all operatios :
MSG msg;
bool done, result;
// Initialize the message structure.
ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
// Loop until there is a quit message from the window or the user.
done = false;
while (!done)
{
// Handle the windows messages.
if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
// If windows signals to end the application then exit out.
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
{
done = true;
}
else
{
// Otherwise do the frame processing.
result = Frame();
if (!result)
{
done = true;
}
}
}
When you resize you can handle some messages WM_SIZE or WM_MOVE message. In your LRESULT CALLBACK handle:
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT umessage, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) {
//...OTHERS...
if (umessage == WM_MOVE) {
/*Dont be confused ApplicationHandle is pointer of my SystemClass
which set ApplicationHandle = this in SystemClass.
to create a window/s and Graphics (contains all DirectX related operations).
Here GraphicsClass (contains all DX calls) initialized in
SystemClass as new class and SystemClass initialized as
new class at main.cpp in WINAPI. That makes a lot easier
for handling this kind of issues for me
In your case you will call your rendering loop instead Frame();*/
if (ApplicationHandle -> m_Graphics) {
RECT r;
GetClientRect(ApplicationHandle -> m_hwnd, & r);
ApplicationHandle -> m_Graphics -> clientSize = {
r.right - r.left,
r.bottom - r.top
};
//frame processing.
ApplicationHandle -> m_Graphics -> Frame();
}
if (umessage == WM_SIZING) {
if ((wparam == WMSZ_BOTTOM || wparam == WMSZ_RIGHT || wparam == WMSZ_BOTTOMRIGHT) && ApplicationHandle -> m_Graphics) {
/*IF WE DO NOT HANDLE wparam resize will be very laggy.*/
GetClientRect(ApplicationHandle -> m_hwndOWNER, & clientRect);
ApplicationHandle -> m_Graphics -> clientSize = {
clientRect.right - clientRect.left,
clientRect.bottom - clientRect.top
};
ApplicationHandle -> m_Graphics -> Frame();
}
}
}
//...OTHERS...
}
HERE IS A VIDEO OF RESULT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN_XPVRHuiw&feature=youtu.be
even if you are drawing custom window using Desktop Window Manager (WDM) you can handle WM_NCHITTEST for other click situations as that will only update if you resize and move but not if you click and hold caption or hold border only.
additionally, I did not get that why you handle WM_PAINT if you are using DirectX already.
I've been using the win32 api to make a game with sprites. For some reason when I have more than one sprite on screen they flash occasionally as if they are disappearing and returning. When there is only one sprite on screen it displays correctly.
I am using C++, win32 API and working with Visual Studio 08
The following is roughly what I have:
//creates rect based on window client area
GetClientRect(ghwnd, &screenRect);
// Initialises front buffer device context (window)
frontHDC = GetDC(ghwnd);
// sets up Back DC to be compatible with the front
backHDC = CreateCompatibleDC(frontHDC);
// Create another hdc to store the bitmap in before the backbuffer
bitmapHDC = CreateCompatibleDC(frontHDC);
//creates bitmap compatible with the front buffer
theOldFrontBitMap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(frontHDC, screenRect.right, screenRect.bottom);
//creates bitmap compatible with the back buffer
theOldBackBitMap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(backHDC, theOldFrontBitMap);
HBITMAP originalBitMap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(bitmapHDC,bitmap);
//Transparency function
TransparentBlt( backHDC,
m_Position.x,
m_Position.y,
m_Size.x,
m_Size.y,
bitmapHDC,
0,
0,
m_Size.x,
m_Size.y,
0x00FFFFFF);
SelectObject(bitmapHDC,originalBitMap);
BitBlt(frontHDC, screenRect.left, screenRect.top,
screenRect.right, screenRect.bottom, backHDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
Am I doing this correctly? and if so where am I going wrong? If I have not given enough information please tell me and I will rectify that.
The problem with creating a Win32 game is that, even if you use double buffering, you have no way to wait for the vertical retrace of the monitor to display the buffer.
Displaying the buffer or sprite while the vertical retrace is in progress can cause tearing or even the disappearing sprite that you experience.
The only real way around this is to use an SDK like OpenGL or DirectX to manage and display the buffers.
Here's a sample program that may help you, use the arrow keys to move the white box on the double buffered background:
#include <Windows.h>
RECT rcSize;
HDC hdcBackBuffer, hdcSprite;
HBITMAP hbmBackBuffer, hbmSprite;
int spriteX = 175, spriteY = 175;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static PAINTSTRUCT ps;
switch (msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
HDC hdcWindow = GetDC(hWnd);
// make back buffer
GetClientRect(hWnd, &rcSize);
hdcBackBuffer = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcWindow);
hbmBackBuffer = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcBackBuffer, rcSize.right - rcSize.left, rcSize.bottom - rcSize.top);
SelectObject(hdcBackBuffer, hbmBackBuffer); // SHOULD SAVE PREVIOUS...
// make sprite
hdcSprite = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcWindow);
hbmSprite = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcSprite, 50, 50);
SelectObject(hdcSprite, hbmSprite); // SHOULD SAVE PREVIOUS...
RECT rcSprite;
SetRect(&rcSprite, 0, 0, 50, 50);
FillRect(hdcSprite, &rcSprite, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH));
ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdcWindow);
return 0;
}
case WM_KEYDOWN:
{
// SHOULD REALLY USE GetAsyncKeyState for game, but simplified here
switch (wParam)
{
case VK_LEFT:
spriteX--;
break;
case VK_RIGHT:
spriteX++;
break;
case VK_UP:
spriteY--;
break;
case VK_DOWN:
spriteY++;
break;
}
return 0;
}
case WM_ERASEBKGND:
{
return 1; // INDICATE THAT WE ERASED THE BACKGROUND OURSELVES
}
case WM_PAINT:
{
BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
// clear back buffer
FillRect(hdcBackBuffer, &rcSize, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH));
// render sprite to back buffer
BitBlt(hdcBackBuffer, spriteX, spriteY, 50, 50, hdcSprite, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
// render back buffer to screen
BitBlt(ps.hdc, 0, 0, rcSize.right - rcSize.left, rcSize.bottom - rcSize.top, hdcBackBuffer, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
return 0;
}
case WM_DESTROY:
{
// TODO - DESTROY ALL BITMAPS AND DEVICE CONTEXTS
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
default:
{
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
}
}
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, HINSTANCE hInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
{
static TCHAR className[] = TEXT("GameClass");
static TCHAR windowName[] = TEXT("A Game");
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
wcex.hbrBackground = NULL;
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(hInstance, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION);
wcex.hIconSm = NULL;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wcex.lpszClassName = className;
wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wcex.style = 0;
if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
return 0;
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(className, windowName, WS_CAPTION | WS_BORDER | WS_SYSMENU, 0, 0, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (!hWnd)
return 0;
ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
MSG msg;
for (;;)
{
if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
{
break;
}
else
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, FALSE);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
I think your back buffer implementation is wrong although Im not sure exactly where. Try this implementation of a separate back buffer class. I hope it helps.
Here my back buffer class.
#ifndef BACKBUFFER_H
#define BACKBUFFER_H
#include <Windows.h>
class BackBuffer
{
public:
BackBuffer(HWND hWnd, int width, int height);
~BackBuffer();
HDC getDC();
int width();
int height();
void present();
private:
// Make copy constructor and assignment operator private
// so client cannot copy BackBuffers. We do this because
// this class is not designed to be copied because it
// is not efficient--copying bitmaps is slow (lots of memory).
// In addition, most applications will probably only need one
// BackBuffer anyway.
BackBuffer(const BackBuffer& rhs);
BackBuffer& operator=(const BackBuffer& rhs);
private:
HWND mhWnd;
HDC mhDC;
HBITMAP mhSurface;
HBITMAP mhOldObject;
int mWidth;
int mHeight;
};
#endif //BACKBUFFER_H
Heres the implementation:
BackBuffer::BackBuffer(HWND hWnd, int width, int height)
{
//Save a copy of the main window handle
mhWnd = hWnd;
//Get a handle to the device context associated with
// the window
HDC hWndDC = GetDC(hWnd);
//Save the backbuffer dimensions
mWidth = width;
mHeight = height;
//Create system memory device context that is compatible
//with the window one
mhDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hWndDC);
//Create the backbuffer surface bitmap that is compatible
//with the window device context bitmap format. That is
//the surface we will render onto.
mhSurface = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hWndDC, width, height);
//Done with DC
ReleaseDC(hWnd, hWndDC);
//At this point, the back buffer surface is uninitialized,
//so lets clear it to some non-zero value. Note that it
//needs to be a non-zero. If it is zero then it will mess
//up our sprite blending logic.
//Select the backbuffer bitmap into the DC
mhOldObject = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(mhDC, mhSurface);
//Select a white brush
HBRUSH white = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
HBRUSH oldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(mhDC, white);
//Clear the backbuffer rectangle
Rectangle(mhDC, 0, 0, mWidth, mHeight);
//Restore the original brush
SelectObject(mhDC, oldBrush);
}
BackBuffer::~BackBuffer()
{
SelectObject(mhDC, mhOldObject);
DeleteObject(mhSurface);
DeleteDC(mhDC);
}
HDC BackBuffer::getDC()
{
return mhDC;
}
int BackBuffer::width()
{
return mWidth;
}
int BackBuffer::height()
{
return mHeight;
}
void BackBuffer::present()
{
//Get a handle to the device context associated with
//the window
HDC hWndDC = GetDC(mhWnd);
//Copy the backbuffer contents over to the
//window client area
BitBlt(hWndDC, 0, 0, mWidth, mHeight, mhDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
//Free window DC when done
ReleaseDC(mhWnd, hWndDC);
}
Try to work your way through this implementation the comments should help you understand. Hope this helps.