I run queries in SQLPlus. Now I want to get all queries into .sql file. how can I do it? please help me.
I don't think that you save all of them, but - you can one by one. Use save command.
SQL> select empno, ename, job sal
2 from emp
3 where deptno = 10;
EMPNO ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ---------
7782 CLARK MANAGER
7839 KING PRESIDENT
7934 MILLER CLERK
SQL> save q1.sql replace
Wrote file q1.sql
Only query gets saved, not its result:
SQL> $type q1.sql
select empno, ename, job sal
from emp
where deptno = 10
/
SQL>
As you already closed SQL*Plus, check v$sql. In order to be able to use it, sys should grant you (i.e. the user which will query it) privilege to do so:
SQL> connect sys/pwd as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> grant select on v_$sql to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> connect scott/tiger
Connected.
You'd then spool result into a file:
SQL> spool q.sql
SQL> select sql_text
2 from v$sql
3 where to_date(first_load_time, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') >
4 to_date('30.05.2020 20:50', 'dd.mm.yyyy hh24:mi')
5 and parsing_schema_name = 'SCOTT';
SQL_TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
select empno, ename, job sal from emp where deptno = 10
SQL> spool off
Related
I need to create a function that will be called on oracle screen.
I just don't know how to do it
A simple option is function that returns refcursor.
This is example based on Scott's sample emp table; function accepts department number as a parameter and returns data related to employees working in that department.
SQL> create or replace function f_test (par_deptno in emp.deptno%type)
2 return sys_refcursor
3 is
4 l_rc sys_refcursor;
5 begin
6 open l_rc for
7 select deptno, empno, ename, job, sal
8 from emp
9 where deptno = par_deptno;
10 return l_rc;
11 end;
12 /
Function created.
SQL> select f_test(10) from dual;
F_TEST(10)
--------------------
CURSOR STATEMENT : 1
CURSOR STATEMENT : 1
DEPTNO EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL
---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
10 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2572.5
10 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5250
10 7934 MILLER CLERK 1365
SQL>
My journey is progressing and I'm learning rapidly. I can't get enough of this stuff... alas I am at a dead end here and need some help.
I am running Visual Studio, am connected to a database (that's filled with dummy data). I am able to run queries on it as expected. However, I'm learning about Procedures right now and I'm coming up with a problem.
I am trying to simply run a query that will select all from table.
CREATE PROCEDURE nearthetop()
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM RESULTS WHERE VOLUME = (SELECT MAX(VOLUME) FROM RESULTS WHERE VOLUME NOT In (SELECT Max(VOLUME) from RESULTS))
END;
When I run this inside Visual Studio I get an error:
EXECUTE FAIL:
CREATE PROCEDURE twofromtop() BEGIN SELECT * FROM RESULTS WHERE VOLUME = (SELECT MAX(VOLUME) FROM RESULTS WHERE VOLUME NOT In (SELECT Max(VOLUME) from RESULTS)) END
Message :
You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'END' at line 3
When I remove BEGIN and END; from the procedure it creates it fine.
Why is that?
And then, once created, how do I "call" that procedure so as I can see the returned results?
In Oracle, when PL/SQL code uses a SELECT statement, you have to select into something - a local variable, a collection, whatever - or use a cursor loop and deal with cursor variable.
You're selecting row(s) whose volume value is the 2nd largest. Code you wrote works, but it fetches from the same table 3 times which isn't optimal. For example (based on Scott's sample schema), fetching the 2nd largest salary:
SQL> select ename, sal from emp order by sal desc;
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING 5000 --> largest
FORD 3000 --> Ford and Scott both share
SCOTT 3000 --> the 2nd largest salary
JONES 2975
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
<snip>
Your query returns correct result:
SQL> select *
2 from emp
3 where sal = (select max(sal) from emp
4 where sal not in (select max(sal) from emp)
5 );
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09.12.82 3000 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03.12.81 3000 20
Consider doing it differently:
SQL> select *
2 from (select e.*,
3 rank() over (order by sal desc) rnk
4 from emp e
5 )
6 where rnk = 2;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO RNK
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09.12.82 3000 20 2
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03.12.81 3000 20 2
SQL>
Now, back to your procedure. A simple option which doesn't require much effort is to use a cursor FOR loop. Procedure's IN parameter says which largest salary you want:
SQL> create or replace procedure nearthetop (par_n in number) as
2 begin
3 for cur_r in (select *
4 from (select e.*,
5 rank() over (order by sal desc) rnk
6 from emp e
7 )
8 where rnk = par_n
9 )
10 loop
11 dbms_output.put_line(cur_r.ename ||': '|| cur_r.sal);
12 end loop;
13 end;
14 /
Procedure created.
Testing:
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> begin
2 nearthetop(2); --> give me the 2nd largest salary
3 end;
4 /
SCOTT: 3000
FORD: 3000
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> begin
2 nearthetop(5); --> give me the 5th largest salary
3 end;
4 /
BLAKE: 2850
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
I'm just displaying those values on the screen; you never said what you'd want to do with them.
If you'd like to return the result to the caller, a better option is to use a function instead of a procedure. In this case, it would be a ref cursor it returns.
SQL> create or replace function f_nearthetop (par_n in number)
2 return sys_refcursor
3 as
4 rc sys_refcursor;
5 begin
6 open rc for select *
7 from (select e.*,
8 rank() over (order by sal desc) rnk
9 from emp e
10 )
11 where rnk = par_n;
12 return rc;
13 end;
14 /
Function created.
Testing:
SQL> var l_rc refcursor
SQL>
SQL> exec :l_rc := f_nearthetop(2);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> print :l_rc
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO RNK
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09.12.82 3000 20 2
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03.12.81 3000 20 2
SQL>
So, yes - there are various options. Which one you'll actually use depends on what you want to do.
(As of Visual Studio: I can't help about it, I don't use it.)
I'am confused on this function clear columns. Some one can explain to me this one.
I'am using this in my script.
clear columns
COLUMN temp_in_statement new_value str_in_statement
SELECT DISTINCT
LISTAGG('''' || MONTHCOVERED || ''' AS ' || to_char(MONTHCOVERED,'MONDDYYYY'),',')
WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY MONTHCOVERED) AS temp_in_statement
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT trunc(MONTHCOVERED) as MONTHCOVERED FROM bbsm_aaa where trunc(MONTHCOVERED) between '01-AUG-19' and '31-OCT-19');
Is there specific column/s that are cleared on this? Or all columns that I assigned was also deleted?
HELP is there for a reason :)
SQL> help clear
CLEAR
-----
Resets or erases the current value or setting for the specified option.
CL[EAR] option ...
where option represents one of the following clauses:
BRE[AKS]
BUFF[ER]
COL[UMNS]
COMP[UTES]
SCR[EEN]
SQL
TIMI[NG]
SQL>
This isn't related to columns' contents, but the way they are formatted in SQL*Plus. Have a look at this example:
First, set some columns' settings using the col command:
SQL> col empno format 9999
SQL> col ename format a5
SQL> col sal format 999g990d00
SQL>
SQL> select empno, ename, sal from emp where rownum < 4;
EMPNO ENAME SAL
----- ----- -----------
7369 SMITH 920,00
7499 ALLEN 1.600,00
7521 WARD 1.250,00
Now, clear those settings and see the difference:
SQL> clear col
columns cleared
SQL> select empno, ename, sal from emp where rownum < 4;
EMPNO ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH 920
7499 ALLEN 1600
7521 WARD 1250
SQL>
As you can see, values in those columns weren't affected - only the way they are displayed.
I need to write a procedure and update trigger. When any update is done on the table, the trigger should make a call to the procedure. Procedure should update the changes in another table. In that another table old value, updated value should be there.
What you described sounds like an ordinary logging; you don't really need a procedure, trigger does it all. Here's an example:
SQL> create table emp_log (empno number, sal_old number, sal_new number);
Table created.
SQL> create or replace trigger trg_bu_emp
2 before update of sal on emp
3 for each row
4 begin
5 insert into emp_log (empno, sal_old, sal_new)
6 values
7 (:new.empno, :old.sal, :new.sal);
8 end;
9 /
Trigger created.
SQL> select empno, ename, sal from emp where ename = 'KING';
EMPNO ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING 5000
SQL> update emp set sal = 7000 where ename = 'KING';
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from emp_log;
EMPNO SAL_OLD SAL_NEW
---------- ---------- ----------
7839 5000 7000
SQL>
[EDIT, after reading a comment]
Homework, eh? So - create a procedure:
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
SQL> create or replace procedure p_emp_sal_log
2 (par_empno in emp.empno%type, par_sal_old in emp.sal%type,
3 par_sal_new in emp.sal%type)
4 is
5 begin
6 insert into emp_log (empno, sal_old, sal_new)
7 values
8 (par_empno, par_sal_old, par_sal_new);
9 end;
10 /
Procedure created.
SQL> create or replace trigger trg_bu_emp
2 before update of sal on emp
3 for each row
4 begin
5 p_emp_sal_log(:new.empno, :old.sal, :new.sal);
6 end;
7 /
Trigger created.
SQL> update emp set sal = 2000 where ename = 'KING';
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from emp_log;
EMPNO SAL_OLD SAL_NEW
---------- ---------- ----------
7839 5000 2000
SQL>
I need to print the rollback query of a update query.
My original query is
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET NAME = 'SAMAN' WHERE ID=4;
The corresponding update for above query is
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET NAME=(SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ID=4);
I need to print a query to rollback if above original query went wrong. I need it to print it via using a query also.
I'm using oracle 11g database.
You can do it by running a select query like below,
SELECT 'UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET NAME = '''||name||''' WHERE id = '||id||';' FROM employee;
and of course, run the select query before your update query.
As far as I understood the question, it is some kind of a log table you're looking for. I have no idea what you mean by "printing the rollback query"; never heard of anything like that.
So, let me demonstrate what I have on my mind. Review it, apply if it makes sense in your case. The code is commented, I hope you'll understand it
Prepare the scene:
SQL> -- Log table
SQL> create table emp_log
2 (id number constraint pk_el primary key,
3 empno number constraint fk_el_emp references emp (empno) not null,
4 datum date not null,
5 ename varchar2(20)
6 );
Table created.
SQL> -- A sequence which will be used to populate the ID column in the EMP_LOG table
SQL> create sequence seqa;
Sequence created.
SQL> -- Trigger; if new ENAME is different from the last one, log the change (i.e.
SQL> -- store the old ENAME)
SQL> create or replace trigger trg_bu_emp
2 before update on emp
3 for each row
4 begin
5 if :new.ename <> :old.ename then
6 insert into emp_log (id, empno, datum, ename)
7 values (seqa.nextval, :new.empno, sysdate, :old.ename);
8 end if;
9 end;
10 /
Trigger created.
OK, let's see how it works:
SQL> -- Some employees in department 10
SQL> select empno, ename from emp where deptno = 10;
EMPNO ENAME
---------- ----------
7782 CLARK
7839 KING
7934 MILLER
SQL> -- Update KING's name to a better one (just kidding)
SQL> update emp set ename = 'LITTLEFOOT' where empno = 7839;
1 row updated.
SQL> -- What's in the log?
SQL> select * From emp_log order by id desc;
ID EMPNO DATUM ENAME
---------- ---------- ------------------- --------------------
5 7839 30.03.2018 20:22:15 KING
SQL> -- I don't like the new name after all; return the previous one
SQL> update emp e set
2 e.ename = (select l.ename from emp_log l
3 where l.empno = e.empno
4 and l.id = (select max(l1.id) from emp_log l1
5 where l1.empno = l.empno
6 )
7 )
8 where e.empno = 7839;
1 row updated.
SQL> -- What we've done?
SQL> select empno, ename from emp where deptno = 10;
EMPNO ENAME
---------- ----------
7782 CLARK
7839 KING
7934 MILLER
SQL> -- What's in the log now?
SQL> select * From emp_log order by id desc;
ID EMPNO DATUM ENAME
---------- ---------- ------------------- --------------------
6 7839 30.03.2018 20:22:33 LITTLEFOOT
5 7839 30.03.2018 20:22:15 KING
SQL>