LNK2019 when define UNICODE/_UNICODE - windows

I am using TCHAR and I get the error when I define UNICODE / _UNICODE. Here is my code.
function.h
#define UNICODE
#define _UNICODE
#include <tchar.h>
#include <windows.h>
BOOL bLogging(LPCTSTR szContent, ...);
function.cpp
#include "function.h"
BOOL bLogging(LPCTSTR szContent, ...)
{
body of function
}
plugin.cpp
#include "function.h"
bool pluginInit(PLUG_INITSTRUCT* initStruct)
{
bLogging(TEXT("hello, world!"));
}
The above code makes the error
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
LNK2019 unresolved external symbol "int __cdecl bLogging(char const *,...)" (?bLogging##YAHPBDZZ) referenced in function "bool __cdecl pluginInit(struct PLUG_INITSTRUCT *)" (?pluginInit##YA_NPAUPLUG_INITSTRUCT###Z)
But without the UNICODE / _UNICODE, it builds as ASCII characters, it works well.
========== Build: 1 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

Raymond's comment is probably the correct answer. Otherwise, your code looks fine.
Unless you are trying to have backwards compatibility support for Windows 95, you don't need TCHAR macros. Simpler to just avoid this stuff and use either const wchar_t* or LPCWSTR as your string type.
Adjusting your code as an example:
function.h
#pragma once
#include <windows.h>
BOOL bLogging(const wchar_t* szContent, ...);
function.cpp
#include "function.h"
BOOL bLogging(const wchar_t* szContent, ...)
{
body of function
}
plugin.cpp
#include "function.h"
bool pluginInit(PLUG_INITSTRUCT* initStruct)
{
bLogging(L"Hello World");
}

Related

Manual OpenGL Extension Loading LNK2005 and LNK1169

I'm using Visual C++ and manually attempting to load OpenGL extensions. However, for some reason defining the pointers from the Khronos Groups' provided headers leads to linker errors and as such I never get the change to even define these functions within my OpenGL context. Below I have included a simplified version of my code and it's structure that causes the same issue.
//Test.cpp
#include "MyGL.h"
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << "Hello World!\n";
}
//MyGL.h
#pragma once
#include "MyGLOpenGL.h"
//MyGL.cpp
#include "MyGL.h"
//MyGLOpenGL.h
#pragma once
#include <windows.h> // Windows functions
#include <GL/gl.h> // Provided w/ Compiler
#include "GL/glext.h" // Put out by Khronos Group
#include "GL/wglext.h" // Put out by Khronos Group
#pragma comment(lib, "opengl32.lib") // Provided w/ Compiler
#ifndef GL_OPENGL
#define GL_OPENGL
void glInitPointers(); // Defines pointers to opengl functions
void* glGetAnyProcAddress(const char* name); // Gets a pointer to any OpenGL function
extern PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC wglChoosePixelFormatARB;
extern PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC wglCreateContextAttribsARB;
#endif
//MyGLOpenGL.cpp
#include "MyGLOpenGL.h"
void glInitPointers() {
wglChoosePixelFormatARB = (PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC)glGetAnyProcAddress("wglChoosePixelFormatARB"); //load function
wglCreateContextAttribsARB = (PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)glGetAnyProcAddress("wglCreateContextAttribsARB"); //load function
return;
}
void* glGetAnyProcAddress(const char* name) {
void *pointer = (void *)wglGetProcAddress(name);
if (pointer == 0 || (pointer == (void*)0x1) || (pointer == (void*)0x2) || (pointer == (void*)0x3) || (pointer == (void*)-1)) {
HMODULE module = LoadLibraryW(L"opengl32.dll");
pointer = (void *)GetProcAddress(module, name);
}
return pointer;
};
Compiling this gives me the following linker errors:
1>MyGLOpenGL.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "int (__stdcall* wglChoosePixelFormatARB)(struct HDC__ *,int const *,float const *,unsigned int,int *,unsigned int *)" (?wglChoosePixelFormatARB##3P6GHPAUHDC__##PBHPBMIPAHPAI#ZA)
1>MyGLOpenGL.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "struct HGLRC__ * (__stdcall* wglCreateContextAttribsARB)(struct HDC__ *,struct HGLRC__ *,int const *)" (?wglCreateContextAttribsARB##3P6GPAUHGLRC__##PAUHDC__##PAU1#PBH#ZA)
1>G:\Development\Test\Debug\Test.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals
As the issue was unresolved external symbols, I tried removing the extern keyword to arrive at getting these two errors instead:
1>MyGLOpenGL.obj :error LNK2005: "int (__stdcall* wglChoosePixelFormatARB)(struct HDC__ *,int const *,float const *,unsigned int,int *,unsigned int *)" (?wglChoosePixelFormatARB##3P6GHPAUHDC__##PBHPBMIPAHPAI#ZA) already defined in MyGL.obj
1>MyGLOpenGL.obj : error LNK2005: "struct HGLRC__ * (__stdcall* wglCreateContextAttribsARB)(struct HDC__ *,struct HGLRC__ *,int const *)" (?wglCreateContextAttribsARB##3P6GPAUHGLRC__##PAUHDC__##PAU1#PBH#ZA) already defined in MyGL.obj
1>Test.obj : error LNK2005: "int (__stdcall* wglChoosePixelFormatARB)(struct HDC__ *,int const *,float const *,unsigned int,int *,unsigned int *)" (?wglChoosePixelFormatARB##3P6GHPAUHDC__##PBHPBMIPAHPAI#ZA) already defined in MyGL.obj
1>Test.obj : error LNK2005: "struct HGLRC__ * (__stdcall* wglCreateContextAttribsARB)(struct HDC__ *,struct HGLRC__ *,int const *)" (?wglCreateContextAttribsARB##3P6GPAUHGLRC__##PAUHDC__##PAU1#PBH#ZA) already defined in MyGL.obj
1>G:\Development\Test\Debug\Test.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found
I've also already made sure that "#pragma once" was in ever file, header guards, adding "OpenGL32.lib" into the additional dependencies in visual studio, adding a pragma comment for the lib, setting the pointers equal to null in the declaration, and I'm just at a complete loss for anything else to try, even after googling the issue. And in my case, using GLEW or any other extension loading library because that is exactly what I'm trying to create.
In C and C++ there's an important difference between declaration and definition. A statement of the form
extern <type> <symbol>;
declares that there is some symbol somewhere, but it doesn't actually bring it into existence. It's more like a promise to the compiler, that the symbol will be defined somewhere else. When you wrote
extern PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC wglChoosePixelFormatARB;
extern PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC wglCreateContextAttribsARB;
you actually didn't create the variables for those function pointers, you just "listed them in the table of contents" for your program. You actually have to define them somewhere. I.e. in some compilation unit you have to write (without the extern).
PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC wglChoosePixelFormatARB;
PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC wglCreateContextAttribsARB;
This has absolutely nothing to do with initialization, as hinted by #EricLopushansky; it's all about them being getting actually defined. Since these are global scope, they'll be initialized to 0 anyway, even if you don't explicitly write that = 0.
This isn't very well explained by the OpenGL wiki in the article Load OpenGL Functions but simply do the following. Setting the pointer to null within the cpp file will fix the issue.
For example:
PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC wglChoosePixelFormatARB = NULL;
For anyone interested, here is the relevant code from GLEW that serves the same purpose:
//glew.h
#ifdef GLEW_STATIC
# define GLEWAPI extern
#else
# ifdef GLEW_BUILD
# define GLEWAPI extern __declspec(dllexport)
# else
# define GLEWAPI extern __declspec(dllimport)
# endif
#endif
#define GLEW_FUN_EXPORT GLEWAPI
//wglew.h
#define WGLEW_GET_FUN(x) x
#define wglChoosePixelFormatARB WGLEW_GET_FUN(__wglewChoosePixelFormatARB)
typedef BOOL (WINAPI * PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC) (HDC hdc, const int* piAttribIList, const FLOAT *pfAttribFList, UINT nMaxFormats, int *piFormats, UINT *nNumFormats);
#define WGLEW_FUN_EXPORT GLEW_FUN_EXPORT
WGLEW_FUN_EXPORT PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC __wglewChoosePixelFormatARB;
//glew.c
# define glewGetProcAddress(name) wglGetProcAddress((LPCSTR)name)
PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC __wglewChoosePixelFormatARB = NULL;
r = ((wglChoosePixelFormatARB = (PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC)glewGetProcAddress((const GLubyte*)"wglChoosePixelFormatARB")) == NULL) || r;
//I would be using this static so it would evaluate in my code to
//MyGLOpenGL.h
#define wglChoosePixelFormatARB __wglewChoosePixelFormatARB
typedef BOOL (WINAPI * PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC) (HDC hdc, const int* piAttribIList, const FLOAT *pfAttribFList, UINT nMaxFormats, int *piFormats, UINT *nNumFormats);
extern PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC __wglewChoosePixelFormatARB;
//MyGLOpenGL.cpp
PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC __wglewChoosePixelFormatARB = NULL;
wglChoosePixelFormatARB = (PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC)wglGetProcAddress((const GLubyte*)"wglChoosePixelFormatARB")

basic setup of C++/CLI code so that it can be consumed by unmanaged C/++

I am trying to learn C++/CLI, with the plan of writing a DLL which will be consumed by (unmanaged) C code. However, I cannot get the most basic example to build, as is reproducible below:
I am working in Visual Studio Express 2013.
Create new project -> CLR ->class library
LearnCli.h:
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
int __stdcall TestFunc();
LearnCli.cpp:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "LearnCli.h"
int __stdcall TestFunc()
{
return 3;
}
Build with no problems.
Add Project -> Win32 ->Console Application
From the context menu in solution explorer for the new console project:
Add -> reference -> LearnCli
stdafx.h
#pragma once
#include "targetver.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
// TODO: reference additional headers your program requires here
#include "..\LearnCli\LearnCli.h"
ConsoleApplication.cpp
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int z;
z=TestFunc();
cout << "Function returns:" << z << endl;
cin.get();
return 0;
}
intellisense has no problems, but on build:
Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _TestFunc#0 referenced in function _wmain [path]\Projects\LearnCli\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1.obj ConsoleApplication1
What am I missing which is not allowing the win32 console app to find the function? Cheers.
Edit
Thanks to the comment and link, I have change the LearnCli.h file to
#ifdef LEARNCLIAPI_EXPORTS
#define LearnCliApi_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define LearnCliApi_DECLSPEC __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
And gone to Project -> Properties -> C/C++ -> Preprocessor ->Definitions
and added LEARNCLIAPI_EXPORTS. unfortuately the error is unchanged
You need to link your application(exe) project with the .lib built from dll project.
You can add that from Project settings >> Linker >> Input files or simply put a line on your source.
i.e.
pragma(comment, "lib:<your_lib.lib>")

Linker issue in opencv

I am using OpenCV 2.4.6 in Visual Studio 2012 and I have testing one of the sample programs , name matcher_simple.cpp -- which matches two sample images , image1 and image2.
#include <stdio.h>
#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/features2d/features2d.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/nonfree/nonfree.hpp"
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
using namespace cv;
static void help()
{
printf("\nThis program demonstrates using features2d detector, descriptor extractor and simple matcher\n"
"Using the SURF desriptor:\n"
"\n"
"Usage:\n matcher_simple <image1> <image2>\n");
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
if(argc != 3)
{
help();
return -1;
}
//cv::initModule_nonfree();
Mat img1 = imread(argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE);
Mat img2 = imread(argv[2], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE);
if(img1.empty() || img2.empty())
{
printf("Can't read one of the images\n");
return -1;
}
// detecting keypoints
SurfFeatureDetector detector(400);
vector<KeyPoint> keypoints1, keypoints2;
detector.detect(img1, keypoints1);
detector.detect(img2, keypoints2);
// computing descriptors
SurfDescriptorExtractor extractor;
Mat descriptors1, descriptors2;
extractor.compute(img1, keypoints1, descriptors1);
extractor.compute(img2, keypoints2, descriptors2);
// matching descriptors
BFMatcher matcher(NORM_L2);
vector<DMatch> matches;
matcher.match(descriptors1, descriptors2, matches);
// drawing the results
namedWindow("matches", 1);
Mat img_matches;
drawMatches(img1, keypoints1, img2, keypoints2, matches, img_matches);
imshow("matches", img_matches);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
On compiling I get this error :
1>------ Build started: Project: opencvreinstated, Configuration: Release x64 ------
1>matcher_simple.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __cdecl cv::SURF::SURF(void)" (??0SURF#cv##QEAA#XZ)
1>matcher_simple.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __cdecl cv::SURF::SURF(double,int,int,bool,bool)" (??0SURF#cv##QEAA#NHH_N0#Z)
1>C:\Users\motiur\documents\visual studio 2012\Projects\opencvreinstated\x64\Release\opencvreinstated.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
I have testing this in release mode 64 bit , I also have successfully ran simple other opencv samples , for example streaming live video . I did not have these sort of issues there . Help is appreciated . Thanks.
You have to link in the nonfree module, since this is where the Surf features are implemented.
Go to project Properties -> Linker -> Input, and add smth like opencv_nonfree246d.dll to Additional Dependencies field.
For details, please, see http://docs.opencv.org/doc/tutorials/introduction/windows_visual_studio_Opencv/windows_visual_studio_Opencv.html#the-local-method

Error while compiling macro __COPYRIGHT with gcc

Here is the simple echo.c source code:
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#ifndef lint
__COPYRIGHT(
"#(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n");
#endif /* not lint */
#ifndef lint
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "#(#)echo.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93";
#else
__RCSID("$NetBSD: echo.c,v 1.7 1997/07/20 06:07:03 thorpej Exp $");
#endif
#endif /* not lint */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main __P((int, char *[]));
int
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
/*
*main code with no error at all
*/
}
When compiling it with gcc 4.4.6, it report errors:
echo.c:4: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before string constant
echo.c:3: warning: data definition has no type or storage class
echo.c:12: error: expected declaration specifiers or â...â before string constant
echo.c:12: warning: data definition has no type or storage class
Line 3 and 4 is __COPYRIGHT macro.
Line 12 is __RCSID macro.
If I delete these two macro, it compiles successfully and runs correctly.
After some googling, I know that these two macros are defined in sys/cdefs.h and they are some kind of comment message.
But why it won't compile in gcc?
Well after going throuhg sys/cdefs.h (ubuntu 11.10), I found no __COPYRIGHT or __RCSID defination.
So I guess these two macros are defined in NetBSD sys/cdefs.h.
I added them in a new header file (I name it with "aeodefs.h") like the following:
#ifndef _AEODEFS_H_
#define _AEODEFS_H_
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#define __IDSTRING(name,string) \
static const char name[] __attribute__((__unused__)) = string
#ifndef __RCSID
#define __RCSID(s) __IDSTRING(rcsid,s)
#endif
#ifndef __COPYRIGHT
#define __COPYRIGHT(s) __IDSTRING(copyright,s)
#endif
#endif /* !_AEODEFS_H_ */
Then change #include <sys/cdefs.h> to #include "aeodefs.h".
It's done!

chdir not declared, compilation error g++

I am trying to compile a relatively simple application that I obtained from the web..
When running make I get the following error:
In file included from main.cpp:2:0:
os.h: In function ‘void myOpenDir(const char*)’:
os.h:13:16: error: ‘chdir’ was not declared in this scope
The file os.h looks like this:
#ifndef OS_H
#define OS_H
#if defined(__GNUG__)
#define INT64 long long
#define UINT64 unsigned long long
#include <dirent.h>
#define SPRTR '/'
void myOpenDir(const char* dirpath)
{
chdir(dirpath);
}
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#define INT64 __int64
#define UINT64 unsigned __int64
#include <direct.h>
#define SPRTR '\\'
void myOpenDir(const char* dirpath)
{
_chdir(dirpath);
}
#else
#error "Platform not supported. Need to update source code"
#endif
#endif
Someone got an idea why it wont compile?
I also used a g++ compiler via g++-4.7.real -c main.cpp but so far no luck.
Add #include <unistd.h>, as per the chdir manual.

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