I'm very new to Processing and coding in general and trying to program a row of falling Domino bricks activated by an ellipse.
I have programmed a function for the bricks standing upright and one for the fallen bricks, but I can only get the bricks to fall all at the same time.
I'm looking for a way to make them fall one after the other. It would be great if someone could help me out.
This is my Code so far -
First tab:
Dom[] dominos = new Dom[20];
int m;
float x = 100;
void setup() {
size (600, 600);
for (int i=0; i < dominos.length; i++) {
dominos[i] = new Dom();
}
}
void draw() {
background(0);
if (m<91) {
m = m + 1;
}
fill(0);
ellipse(m, height/2 + 15, 20, 20);
fill(255, 80, 0);
ellipse (m, height/2 + 15, 20, 20);
for (int i=0; i < dominos.length; i++) {
if (m < 90)
dominos[1].show();
if (m >= 90)
dominos[i].fall();
}
}
Second tab:
class Dom {
float x = 100;
float y = height/2 - 22.5;
void fall() {
push();
stroke(255);
strokeWeight(10);
strokeCap(SQUARE);
for (int i = 0; i<15; i++) {
line (x + i*30 + 45, y+40, x + i *30, y+50);
}
pop();
}
void show() {
push();
stroke(255);
strokeWeight(10);
strokeCap(SQUARE);
for (int i = 0; i<15; i++) {
line (x + i*30, y, x + i *30, y+45);
}
pop();
}
}``
First of all, look what Your Dom.fall(), and Dom.show() is doing.
Each method draws 15 rectangles.
Next, look what Are You doing with dominos. It's an Array of 20 elements.
So, in draw() You are drawing 15 rectangles, 20 times with every frame refresh.
Basically You need an Array of 15 objects each drawing one rectangle. Or one object drawing 15 rectangles. But not 20 objects drawing 15 rectangles.
So, here is the simpler solution of Your problem:
Dom dominos;
int m;
void setup() {
size (600, 600);
dominos = new Dom();
}
void draw() {
background(0);
if (m<91) {
m++;
}
fill(255, 80, 0);
ellipse(m, height/2 + 15, 20, 20);
if (m>=90) {
dominos.fallenNumber++;
}
dominos.draw();
}
class Dom {
float x = 100;
float y = height/2 - 22.5;
int fallenNumber = 0;
void draw() {
push();
stroke(255);
strokeWeight(10);
strokeCap(SQUARE);
for (int i=0; i<15; i++) {
if (i<fallenNumber){
line (x + i*30 + 45, y+40, x + i *30, y+50);
} else {
line (x + i*30, y, x + i *30, y+45);
}
}
pop();
}
}
I'm trying to code a canvas full of shapes(houses) and animate them in processing.
Here's an example of shape:
void house(int x, int y) {
pushMatrix();
translate(x, y);
fill(0, 200, 0);
triangle(15, 0, 0, 15, 30, 15);
rect(0, 15, 30, 30);
rect(12, 30, 10, 15);
popMatrix();
}
By animation I mean moving them in random directions.
I would also like to add basic interaction: when hovering over a house it's colour would change.
At the moment I've managed to render a canvas full of houses:
void setup() {
size(500, 500);
background(#74F5E9);
for (int i = 30; i < 500; i = i + 100) {
for (int j = 30; j < 500; j = j + 100) {
house(i, j);
}
}
}
void house(int x, int y) {
pushMatrix();
translate(x, y);
fill(0, 200, 0);
triangle(15, 0, 0, 15, 30, 15);
rect(0, 15, 30, 30);
rect(12, 30, 10, 15);
popMatrix();
}
Without seeing source code: your attempted sketch it's very hard to tell.
They can be animated in many ways and it's unclear what you mean. For example, is that the position/rotation/scale of each square, is it the corners/vertices of each square, both ?
You might have a clear idea in your mind, but the current form of the question is ambiguous. We also don't know you're comfort level with various notions such as classes/objects/PVector/PShape/etc. If you were to 'story board' this animation what would it look like ? Breaking the problem down and explaining it in a way that anyone can understand might actually help you figure out a solution on your own as well.
Processing has plenty of examples. Here are a few I find relevant based on what my understanding is of your problem.
You can have a look at the Objects and Create Shapes examples:
File > Examples > Basics > Objects > Objects: Demonstrates grouping drawing/animation (easing, damping). You can tweak this example draw a single square and once you're happy with the look/motion you can animate multiple using an array or ArrayList
File > Examples > Topics > Create Shapes > PolygonPShapeOOP3: Great example using PShape to animate objects.
File > Examples > Topics > Create Shapes > WigglePShape: This example demonstrates how to access and modify the vertices of a PShape
For reference I'm simply copy/pasting the examples mentioned above here as well:
Objects
/**
* Objects
* by hbarragan.
*
* Move the cursor across the image to change the speed and positions
* of the geometry. The class MRect defines a group of lines.
*/
MRect r1, r2, r3, r4;
void setup()
{
size(640, 360);
fill(255, 204);
noStroke();
r1 = new MRect(1, 134.0, 0.532, 0.1*height, 10.0, 60.0);
r2 = new MRect(2, 44.0, 0.166, 0.3*height, 5.0, 50.0);
r3 = new MRect(2, 58.0, 0.332, 0.4*height, 10.0, 35.0);
r4 = new MRect(1, 120.0, 0.0498, 0.9*height, 15.0, 60.0);
}
void draw()
{
background(0);
r1.display();
r2.display();
r3.display();
r4.display();
r1.move(mouseX-(width/2), mouseY+(height*0.1), 30);
r2.move((mouseX+(width*0.05))%width, mouseY+(height*0.025), 20);
r3.move(mouseX/4, mouseY-(height*0.025), 40);
r4.move(mouseX-(width/2), (height-mouseY), 50);
}
class MRect
{
int w; // single bar width
float xpos; // rect xposition
float h; // rect height
float ypos ; // rect yposition
float d; // single bar distance
float t; // number of bars
MRect(int iw, float ixp, float ih, float iyp, float id, float it) {
w = iw;
xpos = ixp;
h = ih;
ypos = iyp;
d = id;
t = it;
}
void move (float posX, float posY, float damping) {
float dif = ypos - posY;
if (abs(dif) > 1) {
ypos -= dif/damping;
}
dif = xpos - posX;
if (abs(dif) > 1) {
xpos -= dif/damping;
}
}
void display() {
for (int i=0; i<t; i++) {
rect(xpos+(i*(d+w)), ypos, w, height*h);
}
}
}
PolygonPShapeOOP3:
/**
* PolygonPShapeOOP.
*
* Wrapping a PShape inside a custom class
* and demonstrating how we can have a multiple objects each
* using the same PShape.
*/
// A list of objects
ArrayList<Polygon> polygons;
// Three possible shapes
PShape[] shapes = new PShape[3];
void setup() {
size(640, 360, P2D);
shapes[0] = createShape(ELLIPSE,0,0,100,100);
shapes[0].setFill(color(255, 127));
shapes[0].setStroke(false);
shapes[1] = createShape(RECT,0,0,100,100);
shapes[1].setFill(color(255, 127));
shapes[1].setStroke(false);
shapes[2] = createShape();
shapes[2].beginShape();
shapes[2].fill(0, 127);
shapes[2].noStroke();
shapes[2].vertex(0, -50);
shapes[2].vertex(14, -20);
shapes[2].vertex(47, -15);
shapes[2].vertex(23, 7);
shapes[2].vertex(29, 40);
shapes[2].vertex(0, 25);
shapes[2].vertex(-29, 40);
shapes[2].vertex(-23, 7);
shapes[2].vertex(-47, -15);
shapes[2].vertex(-14, -20);
shapes[2].endShape(CLOSE);
// Make an ArrayList
polygons = new ArrayList<Polygon>();
for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
int selection = int(random(shapes.length)); // Pick a random index
Polygon p = new Polygon(shapes[selection]); // Use corresponding PShape to create Polygon
polygons.add(p);
}
}
void draw() {
background(102);
// Display and move them all
for (Polygon poly : polygons) {
poly.display();
poly.move();
}
}
// A class to describe a Polygon (with a PShape)
class Polygon {
// The PShape object
PShape s;
// The location where we will draw the shape
float x, y;
// Variable for simple motion
float speed;
Polygon(PShape s_) {
x = random(width);
y = random(-500, -100);
s = s_;
speed = random(2, 6);
}
// Simple motion
void move() {
y+=speed;
if (y > height+100) {
y = -100;
}
}
// Draw the object
void display() {
pushMatrix();
translate(x, y);
shape(s);
popMatrix();
}
}
WigglePShape:
/**
* WigglePShape.
*
* How to move the individual vertices of a PShape
*/
// A "Wiggler" object
Wiggler w;
void setup() {
size(640, 360, P2D);
w = new Wiggler();
}
void draw() {
background(255);
w.display();
w.wiggle();
}
// An object that wraps the PShape
class Wiggler {
// The PShape to be "wiggled"
PShape s;
// Its location
float x, y;
// For 2D Perlin noise
float yoff = 0;
// We are using an ArrayList to keep a duplicate copy
// of vertices original locations.
ArrayList<PVector> original;
Wiggler() {
x = width/2;
y = height/2;
// The "original" locations of the vertices make up a circle
original = new ArrayList<PVector>();
for (float a = 0; a < radians(370); a += 0.2) {
PVector v = PVector.fromAngle(a);
v.mult(100);
original.add(new PVector());
original.add(v);
}
// Now make the PShape with those vertices
s = createShape();
s.beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
s.fill(80, 139, 255);
s.noStroke();
for (PVector v : original) {
s.vertex(v.x, v.y);
}
s.endShape(CLOSE);
}
void wiggle() {
float xoff = 0;
// Apply an offset to each vertex
for (int i = 1; i < s.getVertexCount(); i++) {
// Calculate a new vertex location based on noise around "original" location
PVector pos = original.get(i);
float a = TWO_PI*noise(xoff,yoff);
PVector r = PVector.fromAngle(a);
r.mult(4);
r.add(pos);
// Set the location of each vertex to the new one
s.setVertex(i, r.x, r.y);
// increment perlin noise x value
xoff+= 0.5;
}
// Increment perlin noise y value
yoff += 0.02;
}
void display() {
pushMatrix();
translate(x, y);
shape(s);
popMatrix();
}
}
Update
Based on your comments here's an version of your sketch modified so the color of the hovered house changes:
// store house bounding box dimensions for mouse hover check
int houseWidth = 30;
// 30 px rect height + 15 px triangle height
int houseHeight = 45;
void setup() {
size(500, 500);
}
void draw(){
background(#74F5E9);
for (int i = 30; i < 500; i = i + 100) {
for (int j = 30; j < 500; j = j + 100) {
// check if the cursor is (roughly) over a house
// and render with a different color
if(overHouse(i, j)){
house(i, j, color(0, 0, 200));
}else{
house(i, j, color(0, 200, 0));
}
}
}
}
void house(int x, int y, color fillColor) {
pushMatrix();
translate(x, y);
fill(fillColor);
triangle(15, 0, 0, 15, 30, 15);
rect(0, 15, 30, 30);
rect(12, 30, 10, 15);
popMatrix();
}
// from Processing RollOver example
// https://processing.org/examples/rollover.html
boolean overRect(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
if (mouseX >= x && mouseX <= x+width &&
mouseY >= y && mouseY <= y+height) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
// check if the mouse is within the bounding box of a house
boolean overHouse(int x, int y){
// offset half the house width since the pivot is at the tip of the house
// the horizontal center
return overRect(x - (houseWidth / 2), y, houseWidth, houseHeight);
}
The code is commented, but here are the main takeaways:
the house() function has been changed so you can specify a color
the overRect() function has been copied from the Rollover example
the overHouse() function uses overRect(), but adds a horizontal offset to take into account the house is drawn from the middle top point (the house tip is the shape's pivot point)
Regarding animation, Processing has tons of examples:
https://processing.org/examples/sinewave.html
https://processing.org/examples/additivewave.html
https://processing.org/examples/noise1d.html
https://processing.org/examples/noisewave.html
https://processing.org/examples/arrayobjects.html
and well as the Motion / Simulate / Vectors sections:
Let's start take sine motion as an example.
The sin() function takes an angle (in radians by default) and returns a value between -1.0 and 1.0
Since you're already calculating positions for each house within a 2D grid, you can offset each position using sin() to animate it. The nice thing about it is cyclical: no matter what angle you provide you always get values between -1.0 and 1.0. This would save you the trouble of needing to store the current x, y positions of each house in arrays so you can increment them in a different directions.
Here's a modified version of the above sketch that uses sin() to animate:
// store house bounding box dimensions for mouse hover check
int houseWidth = 30;
// 30 px rect height + 15 px triangle height
int houseHeight = 45;
void setup() {
size(500, 500);
}
void draw(){
background(#74F5E9);
for (int i = 30; i < 500; i = i + 100) {
for (int j = 30; j < 500; j = j + 100) {
// how fast should each module move around a circle (angle increment)
// try changing i with j, adding i + j or trying other mathematical expressions
// also try changing 0.05 to other values
float phase = (i + frameCount) * 0.05;
// try changing amplitude to other values
float amplitude = 30.0;
// map the sin() result from it's range to a pixel range (-30px to 30px for example)
float xOffset = map(sin(phase), -1.0, 1.0, -amplitude, amplitude);
// offset each original grid horizontal position (i) by the mapped sin() result
float x = i + xOffset;
// check if the cursor is (roughly) over a house
// and render with a different color
if(overHouse(i, j)){
house(x, j, color(0, 0, 200));
}else{
house(x, j, color(0, 200, 0));
}
}
}
}
void house(float x, float y, color fillColor) {
pushMatrix();
translate(x, y);
fill(fillColor);
triangle(15, 0, 0, 15, 30, 15);
rect(0, 15, 30, 30);
rect(12, 30, 10, 15);
popMatrix();
}
// from Processing RollOver example
// https://processing.org/examples/rollover.html
boolean overRect(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
if (mouseX >= x && mouseX <= x+width &&
mouseY >= y && mouseY <= y+height) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
// check if the mouse is within the bounding box of a house
boolean overHouse(int x, int y){
// offset half the house width since the pivot is at the tip of the house
// the horizontal center
return overRect(x - (houseWidth / 2), y, houseWidth, houseHeight);
}
Read through the comments and try to tweak the code to get a better understanding of how it works and have fun coming up with different animations.
The main changes are:
modifying the house() function to use float x,y positions (instead of int): this is to avoid converting float to int when using sin(), map() and get smoother motions (instead of motion that "snaps" to whole pixels)
Mapped sine to positions which can be used to animate
Wrapping the 3 instructions that calculate the x offset into a reusable function would allow you do further experiment. What if you used a similar technique the y position of each house ? What about both x and y ?
Go through the code step by step. Try to understand it, change it, break it, fix it and make new sketches reusing code.
I'm new to p5js and I'm trying to plot incoming x y data by drawing circles which initially expand and then shrink becoming 'fixed' , but the speed at which the circles expand slows down over time - and I can't work out why. I have one array which stores the animated expanding / shrinking circle and another which stores the final state of the fixed circle.
let circles = [];
let circlesStatic = [];
function setup() {
createCanvas(640, 480);
frameRate(60);
smooth();
// e1 = new Ellipse(320,240);
// e2 = new Ellipse(20,20);
background(0);
}
function mouseClicked() {
let e = new Ellipse(mouseX, mouseY);
circles.push(e);
}
function draw() {
for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i++) {
circles[i].render();
}
for (let i = 0; i < circlesStatic.length; i += 2) {
// noFill();
fill('rgba(50,50,50, 0.1)');
strokeWeight(1);
stroke('rgba(100,100,100, 0.25)');
circle(circlesStatic[i], circlesStatic[i + 1], 20);
}
}
class Ellipse {
// constructor
constructor(x, y) {
this.x = x; // copy x argument value to the instance (this) x property
this.y = y; // copy x argument value to the instance (this) x property
// current size - continuously updated
this.size = 10;
// minimum size
this.minSize = 10;
// maximum size
this.maxSize = random(30, 35);
// change speed for size (how much will the size increase/decrease each frame)
this.sizeSpeed = 3;
// internal frameCount replacement
this.tick = 0;
// this.fill=(255,0,0);
}
render() {
// if the size is either too small, or too big, flip the size speed sign (if it was positive (growing) - make it negative (shrink) - and vice versa)
if (this.size < this.minSize || this.size > this.maxSize) {
this.sizeSpeed *= -1;
}
// increment the size with the size speed (be it positive or negative)
this.size += this.sizeSpeed;
console.log(this.sizeSpeed);
if (this.size < this.minSize) {
this.sizeSpeed = 0;
circlesStatic.push(this.x);
circlesStatic.push(this.y);
}
background(0);
// noStroke();
fill(200, 50, 0);
ellipse(this.x, this.y, this.size, this.size);
// this.tick++;
// this.size = map(sin(this.tick * this.sizeSpeed),-1.0,1.0,this.minSize,this.maxSize);
// fill(random(255), random(255), random(255));
// ellipse(this.x,this.y, this.size,this.size);
}
}
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/p5#1.4.1/lib/p5.js"></script>
The problem is that every time you render a circle it checks if it should become "static," and if it should it adds new values to circlesStatic. However, there is nothing to stop the animating circle to continue being rendered on subsequent frames. This results in massive numbers of entries being added to circlesStatic which means longer and longer render times. I've implemented one possible fix below. I also made it so that if you hold the shift key down you will see the previous behavior (watch the length of circlesStatic skyrocket after a few clicks). As soon as you release the shift key the fix will run and the number of entries in circlesStatic will plateau.
let circles = [];
let circlesStatic = [];
function setup() {
createCanvas(640, 480);
frameRate(60);
smooth();
// e1 = new Ellipse(320,240);
// e2 = new Ellipse(20,20);
textSize(16);
}
function mouseClicked() {
let e = new Ellipse(mouseX, mouseY);
circles.push(e);
}
function draw() {
background(0);
push();
noStroke();
fill('red')
text(`circles: ${circles.length}; circlesStatic: ${circlesStatic.length}`, 20, 20);
pop();
for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i++) {
circles[i].render();
if (!keyIsDown(SHIFT)) {
if (circles[i].isStatic()) {
circles.splice(i, 1);
i--;
}
}
}
for (let i = 0; i < circlesStatic.length; i += 2) {
// noFill();
fill('rgba(50,50,50, 1)');
strokeWeight(1);
stroke('rgba(100,100,100, 1)');
circle(circlesStatic[i], circlesStatic[i + 1], 20);
}
}
class Ellipse {
// constructor
constructor(x, y) {
this.x = x; // copy x argument value to the instance (this) x property
this.y = y; // copy x argument value to the instance (this) x property
// current size - continuously updated
this.size = 10;
// minimum size
this.minSize = 10;
// maximum size
this.maxSize = random(30, 35);
// change speed for size (how much will the size increase/decrease each frame)
this.sizeSpeed = 3;
// internal frameCount replacement
this.tick = 0;
// this.fill=(255,0,0);
}
isStatic() {
return this.sizeSpeed === 0;
}
render() {
// if the size is either too small, or too big, flip the size speed sign (if it was positive (growing) - make it negative (shrink) - and vice versa)
if (this.size < this.minSize || this.size > this.maxSize) {
this.sizeSpeed *= -1;
}
// increment the size with the size speed (be it positive or negative)
this.size += this.sizeSpeed;
console.log(this.sizeSpeed);
if (this.size < this.minSize) {
this.sizeSpeed = 0;
circlesStatic.push(this.x);
circlesStatic.push(this.y);
}
// background(0);
// noStroke();
fill(200, 50, 0);
ellipse(this.x, this.y, this.size, this.size);
// this.tick++;
// this.size = map(sin(this.tick * this.sizeSpeed),-1.0,1.0,this.minSize,this.maxSize);
// fill(random(255), random(255), random(255));
// ellipse(this.x,this.y, this.size,this.size);
}
}
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/p5#1.4.1/lib/p5.js"></script>
I've made a square grid on top of the canvas and also a cruve (that is meant to have a fading trail). I made them seperately and tried combining them so the curve would appear on top of the grid. However, it doesn't show the curve.
I've commented out the grid so it's easier to see the curve.
How do I get this to work?
var cols = 10;
var rows = 10;
var t = 0;
var particleArray = [];
function setup() {
createCanvas(600, 600);
background(0);
fill(100);
rect(0, 0, 550, 550, 25);
}
// blue grid
function draw() {
/*for (var c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
for (var r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
var XO = 25 + c * 50;
var YO = 25 + r * 50;
stroke(0);
fill(100,149,237);
rect(XO, YO, 50, 50);
noLoop();
// :(
}
}
*/
//curve
y = width / 2 + 270 * sin(3 * t + PI / 2) - 25;
x = height / 2 + 270 * sin(1 * t) - 25;
particleArray.push(new Particle(x, y, t));
for (i=0; i<particleArray.length; i++) {
particleArray[i].show(t);
}
if (particleArray.length > 700) {
particleArray.shift();
}
t += .01;
}
function Particle(x, y, t) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.t = t;
this.show = function(currentT) {
var _ratio = t / currentT;
_alpha = map(_ratio, 0, 1, 0, 255); //points will fade out as time elaps
fill(255, 255, 255, _alpha);
ellipse(x, y, 5, 5);
}
}
I don't know if this was intentional but you called noLoop() function where you're drawing the grid. If you comment that out it works.
I need to create a loop which will space circles equally around a circle in Processing.
I know I can somehow implement a FOR loop.
I need to be able to increase or decrease the number of circles around this circle (with button presses) but keep them equally spaced.
I know the formula's I need to include in the FOR loop to get the X and Y axis. The formulas:
being
X = R*cos(angle-90)+Y0
Y = R*sin(angle-90)+X0
I understand the three parameters of the FOR loop; when does it start, when does it finish, what changes when it runs.
What I can't see is how to implement the formulas into the FOR loop.
Many thanks
Here is the code I do have
void setup () {
size (600, 600);
background (255, 255, 255);
smooth ();
ellipse (width/2, height/2, 200, 200); // the guide circle. Not needed in final code.
}
void draw() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i ++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j ++) {
ellipse (i *20, j * 20, 20, 20);
}
}
}
This code should do the trick:
float incrementalAngle = 0.0;
void setup(){
size(600, 600);
smooth();
background(0);
ellipse(width/2, height/2, 200, 200);
drawCircles(20, 200);
}
void draw(){
}
void drawCircles(int circlesNumber, int bigCircleNumber){
float angle = incrementalAngle;
for(int i = 0; i < circlesNumber; i++){
ellipse(bigCircleNumber * cos(incrementalAngle) + height/2,
bigCircleNumber * sin(incrementalAngle) + width/2,
circlesNumber, circlesNumber);
incrementalAngle += TWO_PI / circlesNumber;
}
}
So the second loop wasn't needed, and the formula you were trying to introduce would go in the X and Y position of your ellipse, there by playing whit the angle and the cos and sin you can get the result you were looking for.
What's left now is for you to get the number of circles you want by the clicking inside a mousePressed() method and drawing that amount.
Hope this comes useful and call me if you need more help
Regards
Jose.
Thank you to everyone who helped.
I managed to do it (slightly differently to you #Jose Gonzalez
int nbr_circles = 2;
void setup() {
size(600, 600);
smooth();
background(255);
}
void draw() {
background(255);
float cx = width/2.0;
float cy = height/2.0;
fill(0);
//float x, y; //
for (int i = 0; i < nbr_circles; i++)
{
float angle = i * TWO_PI / nbr_circles;
float x = cx + 110.0 * cos(angle);
float y = cy + 110.0 * sin(angle);
ellipse(x, y, 20, 20);
}
}
void mousePressed() {
if (mouseButton == LEFT) {
if (nbr_circles < 20)
nbr_circles = nbr_circles + 1;
} else if (mouseButton == RIGHT) {
if (nbr_circles > 2)
nbr_circles = nbr_circles - 1;
}
}