I want to alias cd so that it takes me to the root of my current git project, and if that can't be found it takes me to my normal home dir.
I am trying to set HOME to either the git root or, if that can't be found, my normal home variable.
alias cd='HOME="${$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel):-~}" cd'
It doesn't work though.
You can't run a command inside ${}, except in the fallback clause for when a value is not set (in POSIX sh or bash; might be feasible in zsh, which allows all manner of oddball syntax).
Regardless, far fewer contortions are needed if using a function:
# yes, you can call this cd, if you *really* want to.
cdr() {
if (( $# )); then
command cd "$#"
else
local home
home=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null) || home=$HOME
command cd "$home"
fi
}
Note:
Using a function lets us test our argument list, use branching logic, have local variables, &c.
command cd is used to call through to the real cd implementation rather than recursing.
Of course, it is possible to execute commands inside parameter expansions.
Well, only on the failure side, that is:
$ unset var
$ echo ${var:-"$(echo "hello world!")"}
So, you may get the git command executed if you use the failure side.
Assuming that var is empty:
unset var
var=${var:-"$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)"}"
But that would be simpler with:
var="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)"
And, if var is still empty after that, use:
HOME=${var:-~} builtin cd
That yields:
var="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null)"; HOME=${var:-~} builtin cd
Which may be used in an alias as :
alias cdr='var="$(git …)"; HOME=${var:-~} builtin cd'
This question already has answers here:
How do I get the directory where a Bash script is located from within the script itself?
(74 answers)
Closed 6 years ago.
I have a Bash script that needs to know its full path. I'm trying to find a broadly-compatible way of doing that without ending up with relative or funky-looking paths. I only need to support Bash, not sh, csh, etc.
What I've found so far:
The accepted answer to Getting the source directory of a Bash script from within addresses getting the path of the script via dirname $0, which is fine, but that may return a relative path (like .), which is a problem if you want to change directories in the script and have the path still point to the script's directory. Still, dirname will be part of the puzzle.
The accepted answer to Bash script absolute path with OS X (OS X specific, but the answer works regardless) gives a function that will test to see if $0 looks relative and if so will pre-pend $PWD to it. But the result can still have relative bits in it (although overall it's absolute) — for instance, if the script is t in the directory /usr/bin and you're in /usr and you type bin/../bin/t to run it (yes, that's convoluted), you end up with /usr/bin/../bin as the script's directory path. Which works, but...
The readlink solution on this page, which looks like this:
# Absolute path to this script. /home/user/bin/foo.sh
SCRIPT=$(readlink -f $0)
# Absolute path this script is in. /home/user/bin
SCRIPTPATH=`dirname $SCRIPT`
But readlink isn't POSIX and apparently the solution relies on GNU's readlink where BSD's won't work for some reason (I don't have access to a BSD-like system to check).
So, various ways of doing it, but they all have their caveats.
What would be a better way? Where "better" means:
Gives me the absolute path.
Takes out funky bits even when invoked in a convoluted way (see comment on #2 above). (E.g., at least moderately canonicalizes the path.)
Relies only on Bash-isms or things that are almost certain to be on most popular flavors of *nix systems (GNU/Linux, BSD and BSD-like systems like OS X, etc.).
Avoids calling external programs if possible (e.g., prefers Bash built-ins).
(Updated, thanks for the heads up, wich) It doesn't have to resolve symlinks (in fact, I'd kind of prefer it left them alone, but that's not a requirement).
Here's what I've come up with (edit: plus some tweaks provided by sfstewman, levigroker, Kyle Strand, and Rob Kennedy), that seems to mostly fit my "better" criteria:
SCRIPTPATH="$( cd -- "$(dirname "$0")" >/dev/null 2>&1 ; pwd -P )"
That SCRIPTPATH line seems particularly roundabout, but we need it rather than SCRIPTPATH=`pwd` in order to properly handle spaces and symlinks.
The inclusion of output redirection (>/dev/null 2>&1) handles the rare(?) case where cd might produce output that would interfere with the surrounding $( ... ) capture. (Such as cd being overridden to also ls a directory after switching to it.)
Note also that esoteric situations, such as executing a script that isn't coming from a file in an accessible file system at all (which is perfectly possible), is not catered to there (or in any of the other answers I've seen).
The -- after cd and before "$0" are in case the directory starts with a -.
I'm surprised that the realpath command hasn't been mentioned here. My understanding is that it is widely portable / ported.
Your initial solution becomes:
SCRIPT=$(realpath "$0")
SCRIPTPATH=$(dirname "$SCRIPT")
And to leave symbolic links unresolved per your preference:
SCRIPT=$(realpath -s "$0")
SCRIPTPATH=$(dirname "$SCRIPT")
The simplest way that I have found to get a full canonical path in Bash is to use cd and pwd:
ABSOLUTE_PATH="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
Using ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} instead of $0 produces the same behavior regardless of whether the script is invoked as <name> or source <name>.
I just had to revisit this issue today and found Get the source directory of a Bash script from within the script itself:
DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
There's more variants at the linked answer, e.g. for the case where the script itself is a symlink.
Get the absolute path of a shell script
It does not use the -f option in readlink, and it should therefore work on BSD/Mac OS X.
Supports
source ./script (When called by the . dot operator)
Absolute path /path/to/script
Relative path like ./script
/path/dir1/../dir2/dir3/../script
When called from symlink
When symlink is nested eg) foo->dir1/dir2/bar bar->./../doe doe->script
When caller changes the scripts name
I am looking for corner cases where this code does not work. Please let me know.
Code
pushd . > /dev/null
SCRIPT_PATH="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}";
while([ -h "${SCRIPT_PATH}" ]); do
cd "`dirname "${SCRIPT_PATH}"`"
SCRIPT_PATH="$(readlink "`basename "${SCRIPT_PATH}"`")";
done
cd "`dirname "${SCRIPT_PATH}"`" > /dev/null
SCRIPT_PATH="`pwd`";
popd > /dev/null
echo "srcipt=[${SCRIPT_PATH}]"
echo "pwd =[`pwd`]"
Known issus
The script must be on disk somewhere. Let it be over a network. If you try to run this script from a PIPE it will not work
wget -o /dev/null -O - http://host.domain/dir/script.sh |bash
Technically speaking, it is undefined. Practically speaking, there is no sane way to detect this. (A co-process can not access the environment of the parent.)
Use:
SCRIPT_PATH=$(dirname `which $0`)
which prints to standard output the full path of the executable that would have been executed when the passed argument had been entered at the shell prompt (which is what $0 contains)
dirname strips the non-directory suffix from a file name.
Hence you end up with the full path of the script, no matter if the path was specified or not.
As realpath is not installed per default on my Linux system, the following works for me:
SCRIPT="$(readlink --canonicalize-existing "$0")"
SCRIPTPATH="$(dirname "$SCRIPT")"
$SCRIPT will contain the real file path to the script and $SCRIPTPATH the real path of the directory containing the script.
Before using this read the comments of this answer.
Easy to read? Below is an alternative. It ignores symlinks
#!/bin/bash
currentDir=$(
cd $(dirname "$0")
pwd
)
echo -n "current "
pwd
echo script $currentDir
Since I posted the above answer a couple years ago, I've evolved my practice to using this linux specific paradigm, which properly handles symlinks:
ORIGIN=$(dirname $(readlink -f $0))
Simply:
BASEDIR=$(readlink -f $0 | xargs dirname)
Fancy operators are not needed.
You may try to define the following variable:
CWD="$(cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd -P)"
Or you can try the following function in Bash:
realpath () {
[[ $1 = /* ]] && echo "$1" || echo "$PWD/${1#./}"
}
This function takes one argument. If the argument already has an absolute path, print it as it is, otherwise print $PWD variable + filename argument (without ./ prefix).
Related:
Bash script absolute path with OS X
Get the source directory of a Bash script from within the script itself
Answering this question very late, but I use:
SCRIPT=$( readlink -m $( type -p ${0} )) # Full path to script handling Symlinks
BASE_DIR=`dirname "${SCRIPT}"` # Directory script is run in
NAME=`basename "${SCRIPT}"` # Actual name of script even if linked
We have placed our own product realpath-lib on GitHub for free and unencumbered community use.
Shameless plug but with this Bash library you can:
get_realpath <absolute|relative|symlink|local file>
This function is the core of the library:
function get_realpath() {
if [[ -f "$1" ]]
then
# file *must* exist
if cd "$(echo "${1%/*}")" &>/dev/null
then
# file *may* not be local
# exception is ./file.ext
# try 'cd .; cd -;' *works!*
local tmppwd="$PWD"
cd - &>/dev/null
else
# file *must* be local
local tmppwd="$PWD"
fi
else
# file *cannot* exist
return 1 # failure
fi
# reassemble realpath
echo "$tmppwd"/"${1##*/}"
return 0 # success
}
It doesn't require any external dependencies, just Bash 4+. Also contains functions to get_dirname, get_filename, get_stemname and validate_path validate_realpath. It's free, clean, simple and well documented, so it can be used for learning purposes too, and no doubt can be improved. Try it across platforms.
Update: After some review and testing we have replaced the above function with something that achieves the same result (without using dirname, only pure Bash) but with better efficiency:
function get_realpath() {
[[ ! -f "$1" ]] && return 1 # failure : file does not exist.
[[ -n "$no_symlinks" ]] && local pwdp='pwd -P' || local pwdp='pwd' # do symlinks.
echo "$( cd "$( echo "${1%/*}" )" 2>/dev/null; $pwdp )"/"${1##*/}" # echo result.
return 0 # success
}
This also includes an environment setting no_symlinks that provides the ability to resolve symlinks to the physical system. By default it keeps symlinks intact.
Considering this issue again: there is a very popular solution that is referenced within this thread that has its origin here:
DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
I have stayed away from this solution because of the use of dirname - it can present cross-platform difficulties, particularly if a script needs to be locked down for security reasons. But as a pure Bash alternative, how about using:
DIR="$( cd "$( echo "${BASH_SOURCE[0]%/*}" )" && pwd )"
Would this be an option?
If we use Bash I believe this is the most convenient way as it doesn't require calls to any external commands:
THIS_PATH="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}";
THIS_DIR=$(dirname $THIS_PATH)
The accepted solution has the inconvenient (for me) to not be "source-able":
if you call it from a "source ../../yourScript", $0 would be "bash"!
The following function (for bash >= 3.0) gives me the right path, however the script might be called (directly or through source, with an absolute or a relative path):
(by "right path", I mean the full absolute path of the script being called, even when called from another path, directly or with "source")
#!/bin/bash
echo $0 executed
function bashscriptpath() {
local _sp=$1
local ascript="$0"
local asp="$(dirname $0)"
#echo "b1 asp '$asp', b1 ascript '$ascript'"
if [[ "$asp" == "." && "$ascript" != "bash" && "$ascript" != "./.bashrc" ]] ; then asp="${BASH_SOURCE[0]%/*}"
elif [[ "$asp" == "." && "$ascript" == "./.bashrc" ]] ; then asp=$(pwd)
else
if [[ "$ascript" == "bash" ]] ; then
ascript=${BASH_SOURCE[0]}
asp="$(dirname $ascript)"
fi
#echo "b2 asp '$asp', b2 ascript '$ascript'"
if [[ "${ascript#/}" != "$ascript" ]]; then asp=$asp ;
elif [[ "${ascript#../}" != "$ascript" ]]; then
asp=$(pwd)
while [[ "${ascript#../}" != "$ascript" ]]; do
asp=${asp%/*}
ascript=${ascript#../}
done
elif [[ "${ascript#*/}" != "$ascript" ]]; then
if [[ "$asp" == "." ]] ; then asp=$(pwd) ; else asp="$(pwd)/${asp}"; fi
fi
fi
eval $_sp="'$asp'"
}
bashscriptpath H
export H=${H}
The key is to detect the "source" case and to use ${BASH_SOURCE[0]} to get back the actual script.
One liner
`dirname $(realpath $0)`
Bourne shell (sh) compliant way:
SCRIPT_HOME=`dirname $0 | while read a; do cd $a && pwd && break; done`
Perhaps the accepted answer to the following question may be of help.
How can I get the behavior of GNU's readlink -f on a Mac?
Given that you just want to canonicalize the name you get from concatenating $PWD and $0 (assuming that $0 is not absolute to begin with), just use a series of regex replacements along the line of abs_dir=${abs_dir//\/.\//\/} and such.
Yes, I know it looks horrible, but it'll work and is pure Bash.
Try this:
cd $(dirname $([ -L $0 ] && readlink -f $0 || echo $0))
I have used the following approach successfully for a while (not on OS X though), and it only uses a shell built-in and handles the 'source foobar.sh' case as far as I have seen.
One issue with the (hastily put together) example code below is that the function uses $PWD which may or may not be correct at the time of the function call. So that needs to be handled.
#!/bin/bash
function canonical_path() {
# Handle relative vs absolute path
[ ${1:0:1} == '/' ] && x=$1 || x=$PWD/$1
# Change to dirname of x
cd ${x%/*}
# Combine new pwd with basename of x
echo $(pwd -P)/${x##*/}
cd $OLDPWD
}
echo $(canonical_path "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
type [
type cd
type echo
type pwd
Just for the hell of it I've done a bit of hacking on a script that does things purely textually, purely in Bash. I hope I caught all the edge cases.
Note that the ${var//pat/repl} that I mentioned in the other answer doesn't work since you can't make it replace only the shortest possible match, which is a problem for replacing /foo/../ as e.g. /*/../ will take everything before it, not just a single entry. And since these patterns aren't really regexes I don't see how that can be made to work. So here's the nicely convoluted solution I came up with, enjoy. ;)
By the way, let me know if you find any unhandled edge cases.
#!/bin/bash
canonicalize_path() {
local path="$1"
OIFS="$IFS"
IFS=$'/'
read -a parts < <(echo "$path")
IFS="$OIFS"
local i=${#parts[#]}
local j=0
local back=0
local -a rev_canon
while (($i > 0)); do
((i--))
case "${parts[$i]}" in
""|.) ;;
..) ((back++));;
*) if (($back > 0)); then
((back--))
else
rev_canon[j]="${parts[$i]}"
((j++))
fi;;
esac
done
while (($j > 0)); do
((j--))
echo -n "/${rev_canon[$j]}"
done
echo
}
canonicalize_path "/.././..////../foo/./bar//foo/bar/.././bar/../foo/bar/./../..//../foo///bar/"
Yet another way to do this:
shopt -s extglob
selfpath=$0
selfdir=${selfpath%%+([!/])}
while [[ -L "$selfpath" ]];do
selfpath=$(readlink "$selfpath")
if [[ ! "$selfpath" =~ ^/ ]];then
selfpath=${selfdir}${selfpath}
fi
selfdir=${selfpath%%+([!/])}
done
echo $selfpath $selfdir
More simply, this is what works for me:
MY_DIR=`dirname $0`
source $MY_DIR/_inc_db.sh
The KornShell (ksh) used to have a very useful option to cd for traversing similar directory structures; e.g., given the following directories:
/home/sweet/dev/projects/trunk/projecta/app/models
/home/andy/dev/projects/trunk/projecta/app/models
Then if you were in the /home/sweet... directory then you could change to the equivalent directory in andy's structure by typing
cd sweet andy
So if ksh saw 2 arguments then it would scan the current directory path for the first value, replace it with the second and cd there. Is anyone aware of similar functionality built into Bash? Or if not, a hack to make Bash work in the same way?
Other solutions offered so far suffer from one or more of the following problems:
Archaic forms of tests - as pointed out by Michał Górny
Incomplete protection from directory names containing white space
Failure to handle directory structures which have the same name used more than once or with substrings that match: /canis/lupus/lupus/ or /nicknames/Robert/Rob/
This version handles all the issues listed above.
cd ()
{
local pwd="${PWD}/"; # we need a slash at the end so we can check for it, too
if [[ "$1" == "-e" ]]
then
shift
# start from the end
[[ "$2" ]] && builtin cd "${pwd%/$1/*}/${2:-$1}/${pwd##*/$1/}" || builtin cd "$#"
else
# start from the beginning
[[ "$2" ]] && builtin cd "${pwd/\/$1\///$2/}" || builtin cd "$#"
fi
}
Issuing any of the other versions, which I'll call cdX, from a directory such as this one:
/canis/lupus/lupus/specimen $ cdX lupus familiaris
bash: cd: /canis/familiaris/lupus/specimen: No such file or directory
fails if the second instance of "lupus" is the one intended. In order to accommodate this, you can use the "-e" option to start from the end of the directory structure.
/canis/lupus/lupus/specimen $ cd -e lupus familiaris
/canis/lupus/familiaris/specimen $
Or issuing one of them from this one:
/nicknames/Robert/Rob $ cdX Rob Bob
bash: cd: /nicknames/Bobert/Rob: No such file or directory
would substitute part of a string unintentionally. My function handles this by including the slashes in the match.
/nicknames/Robert/Rob $ cd Rob Bob
/nicknames/Robert/Bob $
You can also designate a directory unambiguously like this:
/fish/fish/fins $ cd fish/fins robot/fins
/fish/robot/fins $
By the way, I used the control operators && and || in my function instead of if...then...else...fi just for the sake of variety.
cd "${PWD/sweet/andy}"
No, but...
Michał Górny's substitution expression works nicely. To redefine the built-in cd command, do this:
cd () {
if [ "x$2" != x ]; then
builtin cd ${PWD/$1/$2}
else
builtin cd "$#"
fi
}