-Dcucumber.options ignored with mvn test - maven

Question

I'm using "mvn test" to run cucumber tests, but when I try to pass options on the command line with
-Dcucumber.options=..., the options are ignored and the ones specified in #CucumberOptions in the runner class are used instead. For example, if I just try to display cucumber help, it ignores it and just runs the tests:
C:\Maven\ArchCuke\untitled>mvn test -Dcucumber.options="--help"
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------< org.example:untitled >------------------------
[INFO] Building untitled 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) # untitled ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\Maven\ArchCuke\untitled\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) # untitled ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) # untitled ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) # untitled ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to C:\Maven\ArchCuke\untitled\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.2:test (default-test) # untitled ---
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running org.example.steps.CucumberTestRunner
Scenario: Add two numbers # features/arith.feature:4
Given A Calculator # org.example.steps.ArithSteps.aCalculator()
When I add 2 and 2 # org.example.steps.ArithSteps.iAddAnd(int,int)
Then I get 4 # org.example.steps.ArithSteps.iGet(int)
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 1.253 s - in org.example.steps.CucumberTestRunner
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 5.815 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2020-11-05T10:51:50-08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
C:\Maven\ArchCuke\untitled>
This is my runner class
package org.example.steps;
import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber;
import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
#RunWith(Cucumber.class)
#CucumberOptions(
features = {"classpath:features"},
plugin = {"pretty"}
)
public class CucumberTestRunner {
}
and this is my pom.xml.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>untitled</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>untitled</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<junit.version>4.13</junit.version>
<cucumber.version>6.8.0</cucumber.version>
<maven.compiler.version>3.8.1</maven.compiler.version>
<maven.surefire.version>2.22.2</maven.surefire.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.compiler.version}</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.surefire.version}</version>
<!-- Include our runner class or 'mvn test' won't work; name doesn't match default template.
See https://maven.apache.org/surefire/maven-surefire-plugin/examples/inclusion-exclusion.html -->
<configuration>
<includes>
<include>CucumberTestRunner.java</include>
</includes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
I tried version 3.0.0-M5 of the surefire plugin instead of 2.22.2, with the same results.
What am I doing wrong here?

Answer 1

The cucumber.options property was deprecated and removed. You have to pass each option as a single property.
mvn test -Dcucumber.filter.tags='#smoke and not #ignore'
https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-jvm/blob/main/release-notes/v5.0.0.md#property-based-options

Answer 2

You should not use the system property directly in your CLI. You should deliver the system property to the surefire subprocess
mvn test "-DargLine=-Dcucumber.filter.tags='#smoke and not #ignore'"
or make a little trick in your POM and then use your original CLI:
<properties>
<argLine>-Dcucumber.filter.tags='${cucumber.filter.tags}'</argLine>
</properties>