Editing text in Bash - bash

Question

I am trying to edit text in Bash, i got to point where i am no longer able to continue and i need help.
The text i need to edit:
Symbol Name Sector Market Cap, $K Last Links
AAPL
Apple Inc
Computers and Technology
2,006,722,560
118.03
AMGN
Amgen Inc
Medical
132,594,808
227.76
AXP
American Express Company
Finance
91,986,280
114.24
BA
Boeing Company
Aerospace
114,768,960
203.30
The text i need:
Symbol,Name,Sector,Market Cap $K,Last,Links
AAPL,Apple Inc,Computers and Technology,2,006,722,560,118.03
AMGN,Amgen Inc,Medical,132,594,808,227.76
AXP,American Express Company,Finance,91,986,280,114.24
BA,Boeing Company,Aerospace,114,768,960,203.30
I already tried :
sed 's/$/,/' BIPSukol.txt > BIPSukol1.txt | awk 'NR==1{print}' BIPSukol1.txt | awk '(NR-1)%5{printf "%s ", $0;next;}1' BIPSukol1.txt | sed 's/.$//'
But it doesnt quite do the job.
(BIPSukol1.txt is the name of the file i am editing)

Answer 1

The biggest problem you have is you do not have consistent delimiters between your fields. Some have commas, some don't and some are just a combination of 3-fields that happen to run together.
The tool you want is awk. It will allow you to treat the first line differently and then condition the output that follows with convenient counters you keep within the script. In awk you write rules (what comes between the outer {...} and then awk applies your rules in the order they are written. This allows you to "fix-up" your hap-hazard format and arrive at the desired output.
The first rule applied FNR==1 is applied to the 1st line. It loops over the fields and finds the problematic "Market Cap $K" field and considers it as one, skipping beyond it to output the remaining headings. It stores a counter count = NF - 3 as you only have 5 lines of data for each Symbol, and skips to the next record.
When count==n the next rule is triggered which just outputs the records stored in the a[] array, zeros count and deletes the a[] array for refilling.
The next rule is applied to every record (line) of input from the 2nd-on. It simply removes any whitespece from the fields by forcing awk to recalculate the fields with $1 = $1 and then stores the record in the array incrementing count.
The last rule, END is a special rule that runs after all records are processed (it lets you sum final tallies or output final lines of data) Here it is used to output the records that remain in a[] when the end of the file is reached.
Putting it altogether in another cut at awk:
awk '
FNR==1 {
for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)
if ($i == "Market") {
printf ",Market Cap $K"
i = i + 2
}
else
printf (i>1?",%s":"%s"), $i
print ""
n = NF-3
count = 0
next
}
count==n {
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
printf (i>1?",%s":"%s"), a[i]
print ""
delete a
count = 0
}
{
$1 = $1
a[++count] = $0
}
END {
for (i=1;i<=count;i++)
printf (i>1?",%s":"%s"), a[i]
print ""
}
' file
Example Use/Output
Note: you can simply select-copy the script above and then middle-mouse-paste it into an xterm with the directory set so it contains file (you will need to rename file to whatever your input filename is)
$ awk '
> FNR==1 {
> for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)
> if ($i == "Market") {
> printf ",Market Cap $K"
> i = i + 2
> }
> else
> printf (i>1?",%s":"%s"), $i
> print ""
> n = NF-3
> count = 0
> next
> }
> count==n {
> for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
> printf (i>1?",%s":"%s"), a[i]
> print ""
> delete a
> count = 0
> }
> {
> $1 = $1
> a[++count] = $0
> }
> END {
> for (i=1;i<=count;i++)
> printf (i>1?",%s":"%s"), a[i]
> print ""
> }
> ' file
Symbol,Name,Sector,Market Cap $K,Last,Links
AAPL,Apple Inc,Computers and Technology,2,006,722,560,118.03
AMGN,Amgen Inc,Medical,132,594,808,227.76
AXP,American Express Company,Finance,91,986,280,114.24
BA,Boeing Company,Aerospace,114,768,960,203.30
(note: it is unclear why you want the "Links" heading included since there is no information for that field -- but that is how your desired output is specified)
More Efficient No Array
You always have afterthoughts that creep in after you post an answer, no different than remembering a better way to answer a question as you are walking out of an exam, or thinking about the one additional question you wished you would have asked after you excuse a witness or rest your case at trial. (there was some song that captured it -- a little bit ironic :)
The following does essentially the same thing, but without using arrays. Instead it simply outputs the information after formatting it rather than buffer it in an array for output all at once. It was one of those type afterthoughts:
awk '
FNR==1 {
for (i=1;i<=NF;i++)
if ($i == "Market") {
printf ",Market Cap $K"
i = i + 2
}
else
printf (i>1?",%s":"%s"), $i
print ""
n = NF-3
count = 0
next
}
count==n {
print ""
count = 0
}
{
$1 = $1
printf (++count>1?",%s":"%s"), $0
}
END { print "" }
' file
(same output)

Answer 2

With your shown samples, could you please try following(written and tested in GNU awk). Considering that(by seeing OP's attempts) after header of Input_file you want to make every 5 lines into a single line.
awk '
BEGIN{
OFS=","
}
FNR==1{
NF--
match($0,/Market.*\$K/)
matchedPart=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH)
firstPart=substr($0,1,RSTART-1)
lastPart=substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH)
gsub(/,/,"",matchedPart)
gsub(/ +/,",",firstPart)
gsub(/ +/,",",lastPart)
print firstPart matchedPart lastPart
next
}
{
sub(/^ +/,"")
}
++count==5{
print val,$0
count=0
val=""
next
}
{
val=(val?val OFS:"")$0
}
' Input_file
OR if your awk doesn't support NF-- then try following.
awk '
BEGIN{
OFS=","
}
FNR==1{
match($0,/Market.*\$K/)
matchedPart=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH)
firstPart=substr($0,1,RSTART-1)
lastPart=substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH)
gsub(/,/,"",matchedPart)
gsub(/ +/,",",firstPart)
gsub(/ +Links( +)?$/,"",lastPart)
gsub(/ +/,",",lastPart)
print firstPart matchedPart lastPart
next
}
{
sub(/^ +/,"")
}
++count==5{
print val,$0
count=0
val=""
next
}
{
val=(val?val OFS:"")$0
}
' Input_file
NOTE: Looks like your header/first line needed special manipulation because we can't simply set , for all spaces, so taken care of it in this solution as per shown samples.

Answer 3

With GNU awk. If your first line is always the same.
echo 'Symbol,Name,Sector,Market Cap $K,Last,Links'
awk 'NR>1 && NF=5' RS='\n ' ORS='\n' FS='\n' OFS=',' file
Output:
Symbol,Name,Sector,Market Cap $K,Last,Links
AAPL,Apple Inc,Computers and Technology,2,006,722,560,118.03
AMGN,Amgen Inc,Medical,132,594,808,227.76
AXP,American Express Company,Finance,91,986,280,114.24
BA,Boeing Company,Aerospace,114,768,960,203.30
See: 8 Powerful Awk Built-in Variables – FS, OFS, RS, ORS, NR, NF, FILENAME, FNR