I have a string:
foo="re-9619-add-selling-office";
I'd like to break up the string on the second - (dash) into variable1 and variable2. I want to end up with variable1=re-9619 and variable2=add-selling-office
I tried it using grep and awk, but now I not sure that's the way to go.
Here is a single sed + read way:
foo="re-9619-add-selling-office"
read var1 var2 < <(sed -E 's/^([^-]*-[^-]*)-/\1 /' <<< "$foo")
# check variables
declare -p var1 var2
declare -- var1="re-9619"
declare -- var2="add-selling-office"
Could you please try following once. Where first variable will have value like re-9619 and second shell variable will have value like add-selling-office
first=$(echo "$foo" | sed 's/\([^-]*-[^-]*\)-.*/\1/')
second=$(echo "$foo" | sed 's/\([^-]*\)-\([^-]*\)-\(.*\)/\3/')
Explanation:
echo "$foo" | sed 's/\([^-]*-[^-]*\)-.*/\1/': Printing value of foo variable and passing its output to sed command. In sed I am using substitute capability to perform substitution, \([^-]*-[^-]*\)-.*(which has everything from starting of value to till 2nd occurrence of - in back reference in it). Then substituting whole value with 1st captured back reference value which will become only re-9619.
echo "$foo" | sed 's/\([^-]*\)-\([^-]*\)-\(.*\)/\3/': Logic is same as above mentioned command. Using sed's capability of substitution with using back reference capability of it. Here we are printing everything after 2nd occurrence of -.
NOTE: second=$(echo "$foo" | sed -E "s/$first-(.*)/\1/") could also help as per #User123's comments.
That can be done using parameter expansions, you don't need an external utility.
$ foo="re-9619-add-selling-office"
$ variable2=${foo#*-*-}
$ variable1=${foo%-"$variable2"}
$
$ echo $variable1
re-9619
$ echo $variable2
add-selling-office
You can use cut:
variable1=$(echo $foo | cut -d '-' -f 1-2)
variable2=$(echo $foo | cut -d '-' -f 3-)
This is the result:
>> echo $variable1
re-9619
>> echo $variable2
add-selling-office
Related
I'm relatively new to bash scripting and I would like someone to explain this properly, thank you. Here is my code:
#! /bin/bash
echo "first arg: $1"
echo "first arg: $2"
var="$( grep -rnw $1 -e $2 | cut -d ":" -f1 )"
var2=$( grep -rnw $1 -e $2 | cut -d ":" -f1 | awk '{print substr($0,length,1)}')
echo "$var"
echo "$var2"
The problem I have is with the output, the script I'm trying to write is a c++ function searcher, so upon launching my script I have 2 arguments, one for the directory and the second one as the function name. This is how my output looks like:
first arg: Projekt
first arg: iseven
Projekt/AX/include/ax.h
Projekt/AX/src/ax.cpp
h
p
Now my question is: how do can I save the line by line output as a variable, so that later on I can use var as a path, or to use var2 as a character to compare. My plan was to use IF() statements to determine the type, idea: IF(last_char == p){echo:"something"}What I've tried was this question: Capturing multiple line output into a Bash variable and then giving it an array. So my code looked like: "${var[0]}". Please explain how can I use my line output later on, as variables.
I'd use readarray to populate an array variable just in case there's spaces in your command's output that shouldn't be used as field separators that would end up messing up foo=( ... ). And you can use shell parameter expansion substring syntax to get the last character of a variable; no need for that awk bit in your var2:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
readarray -t lines < <(printf "%s\n" "Projekt/AX/include/ax.h" "Projekt/AX/src/ax.cpp")
for line in "${lines[#]}"; do
printf "%s\n%s\n" "$line" "${line: -1}" # Note the space before the -1
done
will display
Projekt/AX/include/ax.h
h
Projekt/AX/src/ax.cpp
p
I have a file with contents:
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8
I want a result like below:
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2|1
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8|1
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8|3
The third column value is r value. A new line would be inserted for each occurrence.
I have tried with:
for i in `cat $xxxx.txt`
do
#echo $i
live=$(echo $i | awk -F " " '{print $1}')
home=$(echo $i | awk -F " " '{print $2}')
echo $live
done
but is not working properly. I am a beginner to sed/awk and not sure how can I use them. Can someone please help on this?
awk to the rescue!
$ awk -F'[,;|]' '{c=0;
for(i=2;i<=NF;i++)
if(match($i,/^r=/)) a[c++]=substr($i,RSTART+2);
delim=substr($0,length($0))=="|"?"":"|";
for(i=0;i<c;i++) print $0 delim a[i]}' file
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2|1
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8|1
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8|3
Use an inner routine (made up of GNU grep, sed, and tr) to compile a second more elaborate sed command, the output of which needs further cleanup with more sed. Call the input file "foo".
sed -n $(grep -no 'r=[0-9]*' foo | \
sed 's/^[0-9]*/&s#.*#\&/;s/:r=/|/;s/.*/&#p;/' | \
tr -d '\n') foo | \
sed 's/|[0-9|]*|/|/'
Output:
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2|1
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8|1
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8|3
Looking at the inner sed code:
grep -no 'r=[0-9]*' foo | \
sed 's/^[0-9]*/&s#.*#\&/;s/:r=/|/;s/.*/&#p;/' | \
tr -d '\n'
It's purpose is to parse foo on-the-fly (when foo changes, so will the output), and in this instance come up with:
1s#.*#&|1#p;2s#.*#&|1#p;2s#.*#&|3#p;
Which is almost perfect, but it leaves in old data on the last line:
sed -n '1s#.*#&|1#p;2s#.*#&|1#p;2s#.*#&|3#p;' foo
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2|1
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8|1
abc|r=1,f=2,c=2;r=3,f=4,c=8|1|3
...which old data |1 is what the final sed 's/|[0-9|]*|/|/' removes.
Here is a pure bash solution. I wouldn't recommend actually using this, but it might help you understand better how to work with files in bash.
# Iterate over each line, splitting into three fields
# using | as the delimiter. (f3 is only there to make
# sure a trailing | is not included in the value of f2)
while IFS="|" read -r f1 f2 f3; do
# Create an array of variable groups from $f2, using ;
# as the delimiter
IFS=";" read -a groups <<< "$f2"
for group in "${groups[#]}"; do
# Get each variable from the group separately
# by splitting on ,
IFS=, read -a vars <<< "$group"
for var in "${vars[#]}"; do
# Split each assignment on =, create
# the variable for real, and quit once we
# have found r
IFS== read name value <<< "$var"
declare "$name=$value"
[[ $name == r ]] && break
done
# Output the desired line for the current value of r
printf '%s|%s|%s\n' "$f1" "$f2" "$r"
done
done < $xxxx.txt
Changes for ksh:
read -A instead of read -a.
typeset instead of declare.
If <<< is a problem, you can use a here document instead. For example:
IFS=";" read -A groups <<EOF
$f2
EOF
I used many times [``] to capture output of command to a variable. but with following code i am not getting right output.
#!/bin/bash
export XLINE='($ZWP_SCRIP_NAME),$ZWP_LT_RSI_TRIGGER)R),$ZWP_RTIMER'
echo 'Original XLINE'
echo $XLINE
echo '------------------'
echo 'Extract all word with $ZWP'
#works fine
echo $XLINE | sed -e 's/\$/\n/g' | sed -e 's/.*\(ZWP[_A-Z]*\).*/\1/g' | grep ZWP
echo '------------------'
echo 'Assign all word with $ZWP to XVAR'
#XVAR doesn't get all the values
export XVAR=`echo $XLINE | sed -e 's/\$/\n/g' | sed -e 's/.*\(ZWP[_A-Z]*\).*/\1/g' | grep ZWP` #fails
echo "$XVAR"
and i get:
Original XLINE
($ZWP_SCRIP_NAME),$ZWP_LT_RSI_TRIGGER)R),$ZWP_RTIMER
------------------
Extract all word with $ZWP
ZWP_SCRIP_NAME
ZWP_LT_RSI_TRIGGER
ZWP_RTIMER
------------------
Assign all word with $ZWP to XVAR
ZWP_RTIMER
why XVAR doesn't get all the values?
however if i use $() to capture the out instead of ``, it works fine. but why `` is not working?
Having GNU grep you can use this command:
XVAR=$(grep -oP '\$\KZWP[A-Z_]+' <<< "$XLINE")
If you pass -P grep is using Perl compatible regular expressions. The key here is the \K escape sequence. Basically the regex matches $ZWP followed by one or more uppercase characters or underscores. The \K after the $ removes the $ itself from the match, while its presence is still required to match the whole pattern. Call it poor man's lookbehind if you want, I like it! :)
Btw, grep -o outputs every match on a single line instead of just printing the lines which match the pattern.
If you don't have GNU grep or you care about portability you can use awk, like this:
XVAR=$(awk -F'$' '{sub(/[^A-Z_].*/, "", $2); print $2}' RS=',' <<< "$XLINE")
First, the smallest change that makes your code "work":
echo "$XLINE" | tr '$' '\n' | sed -e 's/.*\(ZWP[_A-Z]*\).*/\1/g' | grep ZWP_
The use of tr replaces a sed expression that didn't actually do what you thought it did -- try looking at its output to see.
One sane alternative would be to rely on GNU grep's -o option. If you can't do that...
zwpvars=( ) # create a shell array
zwp_assignment_re='[$](ZWP_[[:alnum:]_]+)(.*)' # ...and a regex
content="$XLINE"
while [[ $content =~ $zwp_assignment_re ]]; do
zwpvars+=( "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}" ) # found a reference
content=${BASH_REMATCH[2]} # stuff the remaining content aside
done
printf 'Found variable: %s\n' "${zwpvars[#]}"
I try to write a script. With this script I need to remove return carriage at the end of the output numbers I parsed from some command output. So I need to transform them to integer. But printf won't format the number the way I want:
echo $var
2.80985e+09
var=$(printf "%s" "$var" | tr -dc '[:digit:]' )
echo $var
28098509
As you may see, printf removes the carriage but also modifies the value of variable. But I would like this value remain same, only return carriage is removed. Which parameter I should use with printf?
Thanks
Maybe you want to do this:
$ printf "%f\n" $var
2809850000.000000
Or this:
$ printf "%f\n" $var | sed -e 's/\..*//'
2809850000
printf did not modify the value of the variable; tr did. You can verify this by:
$ printf "%s\n" "$var"
2.80985e+09
$ printf "%s\n" "$var" | tr -dc '[:digit:]'
28098509
The tr command, as given, removes all non-digit characters.
Your tr command said 'remove every non-digit', so it did that. You should expect programs to do exactly what you tell them to. The whole var=$(...) sequence is bizarre. To remove a carriage return, you could use:
var=$(tr -d '\013' <<< $var)
The <<< redirection sends the string (value of $var) as the standard input of the command.
my question seems to be general, but i can't find any answers.
In sed command, how can you replace the substitution pattern by a value returned by a simple bash function.
For instance, I created the following function :
function parseDates(){
#Some process here with $1 (the pattern found)
return "dateParsed;
}
and the folowing sed command :
myCatFile=`sed -e "s/[0-3][0-9]\/[0-1][0-9]\/[0-9][0-9]/& parseDates &\}/p" myfile`
I found that the caracter '&' represents the current pattern found, i'd like it to be passed to my bash function and the whole pattern to be substituted by the pattern found +dateParsed.
Does anybody have an idea ?
Thanks
you can use the "e" option in sed command like this:
cat t.sh
myecho() {
echo ">>hello,$1<<"
}
export -f myecho
sed -e "s/.*/myecho &/e" <<END
ni
END
you can see the result without "e":
cat t.sh
myecho() {
echo ">>hello,$1<<"
}
export -f myecho
sed -e "s/.*/myecho &/" <<END
ni
END
Agree with Glenn Jackman.
If you want to use bash function in sed, something like this :
sed -rn 's/^([[:digit:].]+)/`date -d #&`/p' file |
while read -r line; do
eval echo "$line"
done
My file here begins with a unix timestamp (e.g. 1362407133.936).
Bash function inside sed (maybe for other purposes):
multi_stdin(){ #Makes function accepet variable or stdin (via pipe)
[[ -n "$1" ]] && echo "$*" || cat -
}
sans_accent(){
multi_stdin "$#" | sed '
y/àáâãäåèéêëìíîïòóôõöùúûü/aaaaaaeeeeiiiiooooouuuu/
y/ÀÁÂÃÄÅÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÒÓÔÕÖÙÚÛÜ/AAAAAAEEEEIIIIOOOOOUUUU/
y/çÇñÑߢÐð£Øø§µÝý¥¹²³ªº/cCnNBcDdLOoSuYyY123ao/
'
}
eval $(echo "Rogério Madureira" | sed -n 's#.*#echo & | sans_accent#p')
or
eval $(echo "Rogério Madureira" | sed -n 's#.*#sans_accent &#p')
Rogerio
And if you need to keep the output into a variable:
VAR=$( eval $(echo "Rogério Madureira" | sed -n 's#.*#echo & | desacentua#p') )
echo "$VAR"
do it step by step. (also you could use an alternate delimiter , such as "|" instead of "/"
function parseDates(){
#Some process here with $1 (the pattern found)
return "dateParsed;
}
value=$(parseDates)
sed -n "s|[0-3][0-9]/[0-1][0-9]/[0-9][0-9]|& $value &|p" myfile
Note the use of double quotes instead of single quotes, so that $value can be interpolated
I'd like to know if there's a way to do this too. However, for this particular problem you don't need it. If you surround the different components of the date with ()s, you can back reference them with \1 \2 etc and reformat however you want.
For instance, let's reverse 03/04/1973:
echo 03/04/1973 | sed -e 's/\([0-9][0-9]\)\/\([0-9][0-9]\)\/\([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]\)/\3\/\2\/\1/g'
sed -e 's#[0-3][0-9]/[0-1][0-9]/[0-9][0-9]#& $(parseDates &)#' myfile |
while read -r line; do
eval echo "$line"
done
You can glue together a sed-command by ending a single-quoted section, and reopening it again.
sed -n 's|[0-3][0-9]/[0-1][0-9]/[0-9][0-9]|& '$(parseDates)' &|p' datefile
However, in contrast to other examples, a function in bash can't return strings, only put them out:
function parseDates(){
# Some process here with $1 (the pattern found)
echo dateParsed
}