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I recently moved from the SGI, Sun workstation environment to a Mac. SGI and Sun came with Fortran compilers so I have maybe 100 small f77 codes I wrote over the years for post-processing and analysis of simulated data. I was hoping to get these codes running on my iMac with gfortran. Most of these are very simple codes but I can't get them to compile and execute. I tried starting with the basics and wrote the Hello World code from a gfortran help page. My code, fortran.f is:
program helloworld
print *, "hello world"
end program helloworld
When I tried compiling this according to the example I typed:
gfortran fortran.f
But I keep getting the error message:
FATAL:/opt/local/bin/../libexec/as/x86_64/as: I don't understand 'm' flag!
This is the same error message I get on my other codes. Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong? I can't think of a simpler example but I can't seem to get it to work.
When it comes to macOS, I think that building form sources is the best approach you can have. You can achieve that quite easily by downloading and compiling GFortran as part of GCC directly from: https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GFortran
However, there are few things you have to take care of:
make sure you have XCode installed, you can get it here
XCode
XCode is free of charge
Make sure you have command line tools
You can get them either from developer.apple.com
Command Line Tools
or directly from XCode. It might be that XCode will tell you to install Command Line Tools upon first execution
In the past, running command like "svn", when Command Line Tools were not installed, also triggered the installation.
Compile GCC
> ./configure --prefix=$HOME/opt/usr/local
> make all
> make install
Alternatively, you can install using macOS package from GFortran
gfortran-6.3-Sierra.dmg
Fully working sample with Fortran based MPI code:
http://www.owsiak.org/running-open-mpi-on-macos/
If your gfortran was installed a long time ago and you have updated macOS since installing, it may need re-installing to get correctly aligned and linked with the latest macOS tools and libraries.
My advice would be to:
uninstall gfortran,
check that Xcode and its command line tools are up-to-date,
re-install gfortran.
Hints for each of those steps follow:
Note that gfortran is a part of GCC - the "GNU Compiler Collection".
If you installed gfortran via homebrew, you can remove it with:
brew rm gcc
You can update Xcode by by going to AppStore and clicking Updates at top-right.
The Xcode Command Line tools include make and git and command-line versions of the compilers. You can install/update the Xcode command line tools with:
xcode-select --install
You can install gfortran with homebrew using:
brew install gcc
When you are finished, you should make sure that your PATH includes /usr/local/bin near the start and that there are no errors when you run:
brew doctor
which is a brilliant utility that checks your homebrew configuration is correct.
All I had to do was change the path.
Initially, my PATH was something like
/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/opt/X11/bin
Because of this reason, the default assembler (as) was not called which is in the /usr/bin directory.
To enable the call to the right assembler (as), I had to add /usr/bin to the PATH in front of (before) /opt/local/bin, i.e. on a Mac this can be added by editing ~/.bash_profile such that one's $PATH looks like
/usr/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/opt/X11/bin
Once edited, execute at your command prompt:
source /etc/bash_profile
This worked for me.
I'm following the instructions of someone whose repository I cloned to my machine. I want to use the make command as part of setting up the code environment, but I'm using Windows. I searched online, but I could only find a make.exe file, a make-4.1.tar.gz file (I don't know what to do with it next) and instructions for how to download MinGW (for GNU; but after installing it I didn't find any mention of "make").
How do I use make in Windows without a GNU compiler or related packages?
make is a GNU command so the only way you can get it on Windows is installing a Windows version like the one provided by GNUWin32. Anyway, there are several options for getting that:
The most simple choice is using Chocolatey. First you need to install this package manager. Once installed you simlpy need to install make (you may need to run it in an elevated/admin command prompt) :
choco install make
Other recommended option is installing a Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL/WSL2), so you'll have a Linux distribution of your choice embedded in Windows 10 where you'll be able to install make, gccand all the tools you need to build C programs.
For older Windows versions (MS Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista / 2008 / 7 with msvcrt.dll) you can use GnuWin32.
An outdated alternative was MinGw, but the project seems to be abandoned so it's better to go for one of the previous choices.
GNU make is available on chocolatey.
Install chocolatey from here.
Then, choco install make.
Now you will be able to use Make on windows.
I've tried using it on MinGW, but it should work on CMD as well.
The accepted answer is a bad idea in general because the manually created make.exe will stick around and can potentially cause unexpected problems. It actually breaks RubyInstaller: https://github.com/oneclick/rubyinstaller2/issues/105
An alternative is installing make via Chocolatey (as pointed out by #Vasantha Ganesh K)
Another alternative is installing MSYS2 from Chocolatey and using make from C:\tools\msys64\usr\bin. If make isn't installed automatically with MSYS2 you need to install it manually via pacman -S make (as pointed out by #Thad Guidry and #Luke).
If you're using Windows 10, it is built into the Linux subsystem feature. Just launch a Bash prompt (press the Windows key, then type bash and choose "Bash on Ubuntu on Windows"), cd to the directory you want to make and type make.
FWIW, the Windows drives are found in /mnt, e.g. C:\ drive is /mnt/c in Bash.
If Bash isn't available from your start menu, here are instructions for turning on that Windows feature (64-bit Windows only):
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10
Download make.exe from their official site GnuWin32
In the Download session, click
Complete package, except sources.
Follow the installation instructions.
Once finished, add the <installation directory>/bin/ to the PATH variable.
Now you will be able to use make in cmd.
Install Msys2 http://www.msys2.org
Follow installation instructions
Install make with $ pacman -S make gettext base-devel
Add C:\msys64\usr\bin\ to your path
On windows 10 or 11, you can run the command winget install GnuWin32.Make in the command line or powershell to quickly install it. Than you can use the command cmake.
There is no need to install choco anymore.
The chances are that besides GNU make, you'll also need many of the coreutils. Touch, rm, cp, sed, test, tee, echo and the like. The build system might require bash features, if for nothing else, it's popular to create temp file names from the process ID ($$$$). That won't work without bash. You can get everything with the popular POSIX emulators for Windows:
Cygwin (http://www.cygwin.org/) Probably the most popular one and the most compatible with POSIX. Has some difficulties with Windows paths and it's slow.
GNUWin (http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/) It was good and fast but now abandoned. No bash provided, but it's possible to use it from other packages.
ezwinports (https://sourceforge.net/projects/ezwinports) My current favorite. Fast and works well. There is no bash provided with it, that can be a problem for some build systems. It's possible to use make from ezwinports and bash from Cygwin or MSYS2 as a workaround.
MSYS 1.19 abandoned. Worked well but featured very old make (3.86 or so)
MSYS2 (https://www.msys2.org/) Works well, second fastest solution after ezwinports. Good quality, package manager (pacman), all tooling available. I'd recommend this one.
MinGW abandoned? There was usually MSYS 1.19 bundled with MinGW packages, that contained an old make.exe. Use mingw32-make.exe from the package, that's more up to date.
Note that you might not be able to select your environment. If the build system was created for Cygwin, it might not work in other environments without modifications (The make language is the same, but escaping, path conversion are working differently, $(realpath) fails on Windows paths, DOS bat files are started as shell scripts and many similar issues). If it's from Linux, you might need to use a real Linux or WSL.
If the compiler is running on Linux, there is no point in installing make for Windows, because you'll have to run both make and the compiler on Linux. In the same way, if the compiler is running on Windows, WSL won't help, because in that environment you can only execute Linux tools, not Windows executables. It's a bit tricky!
I could suggest a step by step approach.
Visit GNUwin
Download the Setup Program
Follow the instructions and install GNUWin. You should pay attention to the directory where your application is being installed. (You will need it later1)
Follow these instructions and add make to your environment variables. As I told you before, now it is time to know where your application was installed.
FYI: The default directory is C:\Program Files (x86)\GnuWin32\.
Now, update the PATH to include the bin directory of the newly installed program.
A typical example of what one might add to the path is: ...;C:\Program Files (x86)\GnuWin32\bin
Another alternative is if you already installed minGW and added the bin folder the to Path environment variable, you can use "mingw32-make" instead of "make".
You can also create a symlink from "make" to "mingw32-make", or copying and changing the name of the file. I would not recommend the options before, they will work until you do changes on the minGW.
I once had the same problem. But I am surprised not to find one particular solution here.
Installation from GnuWin32 or via winget are good and easy options. But I only found make 3.8.1 there. This version lacks the very important option -O, which handles the output correctly when compiling multithreaded.
choco appears to offer make 4.3, currently. So one could expect recent versions there.
But there is also the option of self compiling. And if you have to install make, which is used for compiling, this should be a valid option.
head to https://www.gnu.org/software/make/ and download a version of your liking
unpack the tar.gz files (use 7zip and unpack the file twice to retrieve the actual content)
navigate to the created directory
open command prompt in that directory
run build_w32.bat gcc This will start the compilation with the gcc compiler, which you would need to install in advance. When running build_w32.bat without any option they try to use the MSVC compiler. Sidenote: I found it surprising that gnu does not use gcc as default but MSVC :-)
ignore the warnings created during compilation. The result should still be fine
retrieve your fresh gnumake.exe from the directoy GccRel (when compiled with gcc)
put this file somewhere where you like and rename to make.exe
add the location to the system variable %PATH%
As others have noted: This manual installation might cause conflicts if you have various make versions installed by other programs as well.
You can also install scoop, then run:
scoop install make
One solution that may helpful if you want to use the command line emulator cmder. You can install the package installer chocately. First we install chocately in windows command prompt using the following line:
#"%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -NoProfile -InputFormat None -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))" && SET "PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin"
refreshenv
After chocolatey is installed the choco command can be used to install make. Once installed, you will need add an alias to /cmder/config/user_aliases.cmd. The following line should be added:
make="path_to_chocolatey\chocolatey\bin\make.exe" $*
Make will then operate in the cmder environment.
Install npm
install Node
Install Make
node install make up
node install make
If above commands displays any error then install Chocolatey(choco)
Open cmd and copy and paste the below command (command copied from chocolatey URL)
#"%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -NoProfile -InputFormat None -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command " [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))" && SET "PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin"
I need to install the Time::Piece module in Perl. It's not there for some reason. When I use
cpan install Time::Piece
after some successful steps I get the error below
.....
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Unable to find a perl 5 (by these names: "My windows path variable contents here...i think"
Writing Makefile for Time::Piece
'nmake' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
RJBS/Time-Piece-1.29.tar.gz
nmake -- NOT OK
Running make test
Can't test without successful make
Running make install
Make had returned bad status, install seems impossible
Failed during this command:
RJBS/Time-Piece-1.29.tar.gz : make NO
cpan[2]>
Why is this happening ? Please help me to fix it.
I'll wait for an answer while I try to fix it myself. First problem -
'nmake' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
I used this solution
Windows 7 Control Panel, Programs and Features, Select Microsoft
Visual Studio 2008 Standard or Professional Edition application then
choose Uninstall/Change/Modify. This will bring you into Maintenance
Mode. Select C++ then check X64 Compilers and Tools.
I had Visual Studio Express and Visual Studio Professional 2013 (I don't remember how or why it's there on my system.) I followed the above instructions. The options were different: one had C++ mentioned in it - Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 Microsoft Foundation Class Libraries. So, I chose that one. Its a 600MB download and install.
I went to C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\bin and found nmake there. If you don't find it there, then you might find in Microsoft Visual Studio 10, 11 etc. Look for nmake there. Add the path for nmake to the PATH environment variable.
Now, I get a new error
NMAKE : fatal error U1073: don't know how to make 'C:/Program'
Stop.
RJBS/Time-Piece-1.29.tar.gz
nmake -- NOT OK
Running make test
Can't test without successful make
Running make install
Make had returned bad status, install seems impossible
Failed during this command:
RJBS/Time-Piece-1.29.tar.gz : make NO
cpan[2]>
I'll try to fix this one too. By the way, #ikegami told me that installing to a path with no spaces (C:\progs\...) will solve my problem. I cannot install to another directory:
This version of Perl comes bundled with other software which must
install to the folder "C:\Program Files (x86)" which has a space in it. The
software needs to be in that path for some other things to work
correctly. Is there a simple way to edit the code which is trying to install the modules? I could make it parse the path by changing some
code. I am new to Perl though. Not sure if I'll be able to change
without causing harm .
EDIT -
I have both Active state perl 5.1.2 and perl 5.8 which are used by tool x and tool y (electric commander). Tool y has its own perl libraries which must be used in my code. So I am stuck with perl 5.8.
I just came to know this is due to issues with tool y. There is a workaround for this, but I am not able to understand it. Can you please help me to understand the workaround for windows ?
https://electriccloud.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/202828073-KBEC-00180-Installing-Perl-modules-into-the-Commander-Perl-distribution
Which version of Perl are you running? what do you get if you run "perl -v" at a command prompt?
If the version number you get is 5.10 or higher, then Time::Piece should already be included with that version of Perl. If it's not, then your installation is broken in interesting ways and you should probably reinstall it from scratch.
If the version number you get is lower than 5.10 then you have a painfully old version of Perl installed and your best approach will be to upgrade to a newer version.
I was trying to get Rust to work on my Windows box. I followed the instructions, however when I tried hello world program, it spits the below. It looks like it has not been able to link up to gcc.. and I have gcc out there. Could someone help me figure out what is the issue here?
$ rustc foo.rs
error: linking with `gcc` failed: exit code: 1
note: gcc arguments: '-m32' '-LC:\Program Files (x86)\Rust\bin\rustlib\i686-pc-m
ingw32\lib' '-o' 'foo' 'foo.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-LC:\MinGW\msys\1.0\home\ENwank
wo\.rust' '-LC:\MinGW\msys\1.0\home\ENwankwo' 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Rust\bin\r
ustlib\i686-pc-mingw32\lib\libstd-3e5aeb83-0.9.rlib' 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Rus
t\bin\rustlib\i686-pc-mingw32\lib\libgreen-83b1c0e5-0.9.rlib' 'C:\Program Files
(x86)\Rust\bin\rustlib\i686-pc-mingw32\lib\librustuv-2ba3695a-0.9.rlib' '-lws2_3
2' '-lpsapi' '-liphlpapi' '-lmorestack'
note: gcc: fatal error: -fuse-linker-plugin, but liblto_plugin-0.dll not found
compilation terminated.
error: aborting due to previous error
task 'rustc' failed at 'explicit failure', C:\bot\slave\dist2-win\build\src\libs
yntax\diagnostic.rs:75
task '<main>' failed at 'explicit failure', C:\bot\slave\dist2-win\build\src\lib
rustc\lib.rs:453
This is how to install Rust on windows with Visual Studio Code and optionally MSYS2 MinGW
You can Instal Rust without installing "Microsoft C++ Build Tools". You can also use Rust with the gcc or clang tools from the MSYS2 suite.
I didn't want to install Rust on Windows with the required "Microsoft C++ Build Tools" because this would need too much disk space.
To get Microsoft C++ Build Tools on Windows you need to download a full Windows SDK which is very large (I think more than 4GB).
You can run and debug Rust programs without installing MSYS2.
If you want to use the gcc or clang compilers that are included in MSYS2 (you will need to install them in a separate step from the MSYS2 installation, using the version of the pacman package manager from MSYS2), then you can install MSYS2.
(MSYS2 also allows you build very easily, C++ programs inside Visual Studio Code with the C++ extensions installed, using the gcc or clang compilers).
The MSYS2 installation version needs 1.61 GB for MSYS2 ( The tools installed using mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain occupy 1083.49 MiB of disk space out of the 1.61 for the total MSYS2 suite).
Rust installs about 1.46 GB of files - mostly in the "C:\Users\user\.rustup" folder when using the parameter "x86_64-pc-windows-gnu" (for a MSYS MinGW install).
Rust takes up 900 MB after installation, when using "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc" (for a "Microsoft C++ Build Tools" install).
For a better Rust experience inside VS Code it is recommended to install the rust-analyzer extension Online from the VS Code Marketplace, or instead of it, the Rust plugin from [Link1] below, at the bottom of the post.
All you have to do is:
Install Visual Studio Code
(Optional - Install MSYS2)
Install Rust
Install Pyton if you don't have it
Add the required folders to the PATH variable
Install rust-analyzer and CodellDB extensions inside VS Code
At the end of this guide you should be able to run and debug rust programs inside Visual Studio Code.
MSYS2 is optional, you can install it if you want to use the gcc or clang from the suite - after creating the cargo config file, the cargo build and cargo run commands will use msys64\mingw64\bin\clang++.exe (by default if both compilers are installed, or ..\msys64\mingw64\bin\gcc.exe if you set it up to do this).
Just follow the installation from Part 1 - below.
(This part is just for reference - it lists the files and folders required for setup and how I chose the installation directories - )
I installed the programs inside these folders:
D:\Applications\msys64
D:\Applications\VSCode
rustup-init.exe installs the .cargo folder in the default location:
C:\Users\user\.cargo
( The settings files for VS Code are created and edited inside the Visual Studio Code editor, you don't need to open the files form windows explorer:
C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\Code\User\settings.json
C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\Code\User\keybindings.json
)
Part 1 - Installation Steps with Details:
I will use the code needed to run the installation programs inside "quotes" - remove the quotes when you run the commands.
For example: "pacman -Syu" - remove the quotes and just run pacman -Syu .
Change the paths in the tutorial, for your installations.
The programs needed are VS Code, MSYS2 (MSYS2 has files/tools from MinGW), the rust-analyzer extension for VS Code for code completion and the CodeLLDB extension (with the author Vadim Chugunov) for debugging.
Make sure to have the Windows Firewall setup to allow connections out for MSYS2, VS Code, the Rust installer - rustup-init.exe (maybe rustup later on - during this tutorial you don't need it) and D:\Applications\msys64\usr\bin\pacman.exe. This will allow the programs to download necessary files for components or plugins.
a)
Download Visual Studio Code portable version for Windows from filehorse.com and extract the files (or install it any way you like).
Open VS Code and disable the 2 telemetry options from the settings:
Click on Edit > Preferences > Settings, type telemetry in the input box and disble the 2 telemetry options (or press the key combo: Ctrl + Shift + P, type open settings and press Enter to open the 'settings.json' file)
this will put inside the "settings.json" file this code, between the main open and close curly braces:
"telemetry.enableCrashReporter": false,
"telemetry.enableTelemetry": false
Good fonts to use inside VS Code are: Fira Code, Consolas, DejaVu Sans Mono, Droid Sans Mono Slashed, Inconsolata-g, Bitstream Vera Sans Mono , Lucida Console, maybe Menlo Regular (was used in MacOS), Meslo LG DZ.
Fonts like 'Fira Code' have font ligatures present inside the font. 'Fire Code' doesn't have traditional font ligatures for example ft is not connected, but has ligatures specific for coding, for example the look of these character combinations are changed and usually look better with ligatures enabled: fl , -> , <= , >= . See the image below the post for an image with font ligatures on vs off.
To enable font ligatures, open the Preferences for Visual Studio Code, search for ligatures in the search box, and enable the setting: 'Editor:Font Ligatures' .
You can change the default user data directory from:
"C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\Code" to your desired location, e.g. :
"D:\Applications\VSCode\UserData\Code"
by creating a shortcut for VSCode with the parameter --user-data-dir, that you'll use to launch VS Code.
To do this create a shortcut for VSCode with the setting for Target: D:\Applications\VSCode\Code.exe --user-data-dir "D:\Applications\VSCode\UserData\Code"
b) This step is Optional, follow it only if you want to use gcc or clang from MSYS2:
You can run Rust programs and compile them in Visual Studio Code without installing MSYS2. Install MSYS2 only if you want to use its gcc or clang compiler.
Optional - Install MSYS2 - this is about 1.61 GB.
Download MSYS2 and follow the installation instructions - I will mention the most important steps:
Install MSYS2 and keep the checkbox selected: "run MSYS2 64bit" at the end of the installation.
Run pacman -Syu in the console that appears after the installation. This is the MSYS2 shell.
!!! For the next step, be careful an choose the right shortcut Don't choose the MinGW one, so
run the shortcut named "MSYS2 MSYS" from Start menu (it is "D:\Applications\msys64\msys2_shell.cmd -msys"). This is the MSYS2 shell.
Inside the shell run pacman -Su .
The next step is to download the programs needed to build the programs written in Rust, for the Windows Platform:
From the start menu run "MSYS2 MinGW 64-bit" (it is "D:\Applications\msys64\msys2_shell.cmd -mingw64"). This is for MinGW and it has a different parameter from the shortcut used above.
Run pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain.
Press Enter, Enter and type 'y' during the installation process.
( The guide on the msys2.org page said to also install some packages using the option '--needed base-devel' by runnig the command "pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain", but I don't think they are needed here.
If you want, you can install single tools and their dependencies from the list of tools installed by the command "--needed base-devel", by selecting their corresponding number during the installation, for example you can just install make and not the rest of the tools present in the "--needed base-devel" package.
The simple rust "hello world" program that I wrote in rust using VS Code and the rustc and cargo tools/programs ran well without installing the "--needed base-devel" files.
The --needed base-devel files are not needed to run and debug simple Rust programs,but you can install them if you want.
To use the gcc or clang linker and compiler from MSYS2 you have to create the C:\Users\user\.cargo\config file:
To make the cargo use clang++.exe , add these lines to the C:\Users\user\.cargo\config file:
[target.x86_64-pc-windows-gnu]
linker = "D:\\Applications\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\clang++.exe"
ar = "D:\\Applications\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\llvm-ar.exe"
If you want to change the linker to gcc, create the C:\Users\user\.cargo\config file that contains the lines:
[target.x86_64-pc-windows-gnu]
linker = "D:\\Applications\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\gcc.exe"
ar = "D:\\Applications\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\ar.exe"
(clang++.exe is the same file as clang.exe from the same directory.)
I got everything installed and running well - I could run the programs and debug them using gcc or clang.
)
c)
Install Rust for Windows
Download the installer: rustup-init.exe from rust-lang.org
The browser should recognize that you ar using Windows and give you the link to "DOWNLOAD RUSTUP-INIT.EXE (64-BIT)" , that is:
[...]static.rust-lang.org/rustup/dist/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/rustup-init.exe
Run rustup-init.exe . It is better to launch a console with cmd.exe and launch rustup-init.exe from there.
choose "Continue? (y/N)" by typing y and hitting the Enter key.
choose "2) Customize installation" using the keyboard.
paste or type the option: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu .
Press enter for the rest of the options.
Finally type "1" as input in the console, then press Enter, to choose the option "1 to proceed" with the Current installation Options.
There might be problems if you had rustup already installed.
If you already have rustup installed follow the indications on the guide at Source 1 Link at the bottom of the page with the step-by-step-instruction-to-install-rust-and-cargo-for-mingw-with-msys2 :
This is a quote from that post:
"Note: If rustup is already installed, then rerunning rustup-init won't actually install the requested toolchain. Instead, run rustup toolchain install stable-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu if you already have the MSVC-based toolchain. Then run rustup default stable-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu to set the GNU-based toolchain as the default."
d) Add the folders to the PATH
Add the folders that have useful programs from rust and msys2 to the Windows system PATH variable:
Adding the folders to the system PATH variable will allow VS Conde console, which defaults to PowerShell (you can change it to Command Prompt or other shell if you want), to recognize the commands:
cargo, rustc, etc.
This will make running and debugging rust programs in VS Code with the rust-analyzer and CodeLLDB extensions easy because you don't have to configure anything else.
To add the folders to the PATH use the System Properties window:
Right click on "My Computer" and select "properties"
Click on Advanced System Settings
In the Advanced tab, click on "Environment Variables"
under 'User variables for user' click on the PATH Variable and add the locations of your cargo\bin folder and mingw64\bin folder, (plus \msys64):
;C:\Users\user\.cargo\bin;D:\Applications\msys64;D:\Applications\msys64\mingw64\bin
This will add the folders "C:\Users\user\.cargo\bin", "D:\Applications\msys64", "D:\Applications\msys64\mingw64\bin" to the PATH variable. (stackoverflow is bad at formatting \. backslash followed by a dot - you have to use another backslash as an escape character)
To test that the PATH variable is updated open a NEW Command Prompt or PowerShell window, and in this window run cargo --version or gcc --version (if you installed MSYS2 and gcc.exe) or rustc --version inside a 'Command Prompt' window and inside a PowerShell Window.
If the commands are not found, restart your computer so that Windows can update the PATH variable. For me the change worked without having to restart, I just had to open a new shell window.
e) Install the Rust extensions for VS Code
rust-analyzer and CodeLLDB require Python to be installed.
Install Python 3.6.3, for example, and select to add it to the path during installation.
From the VS Code Marketplace install the needed extensions.
Open VS Code, click on the Extensions button on the right toolbar, and search and install the extensions:
rust-analyzer - (publisher: matklad) ;
CodeLLDB (publisher: Vadim Chugunov);
( I didn't have to do this next step so you shouldn't either - if rust-analyzer doesn't load/run properly, you may need to install the rust source code.
Using the 'Command Prompt' run: rustup component add rust-src to install the rust Source Code.
I didn't have to install it, the rust-analyzer worked well [ by the way, the VS Code could connect to the internet during testing].
)
[While running Visual Studio Code you may get a message telling you to install .Net Framework 4.5.2. Download and install the Offline version if the online version fails to install. (On Windows 7 without some updates, you may have to download and install the certificate: MicRooCerAut2011_2011_03_22.crt, and install some windows updates: Windows6.1-KB2533623-x64, windows6.1-kb2813430-x64, and maybe Windows6.1-KB4019990-x64 ) ]
Part 2 - Running and Debugging Rust programs with VS Code
Running and compiling in Rust with VS Code and Msys2:
After adding the folders to the PATH and installing the extensions, you basically need to run:
cargo init
cargo run - to run the program.
press the F5 key, or click the debug button to debug the code.
First you need to:
Create a folder for your Rust app.
Open the folder inside VS Code.
Press Ctrl+{`} to open the terminal panel.
The default shell will be 'PowerShell'.
You can select the 'Command prompt' shell from the Terminal pane using the down arrow on the left, that is near the plus button and x button.
Or you can set VS Code to use 'Command Prompt' as the default shell by adding the lines to the 'settings.json' file - the main Visual Studio Settings file.
"terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.windows": "Command Prompt",
You can use PowerShell or 'Command Prompt', they both work fine.
Run cargo init inside the terminal to create the project files.
Edit the main.rs file if you want. It is located inside 'app folder'\src\main.rs
Run cargo run inside the terminal
If you have rust-analyzer installed, the extension puts 2 buttons as popups on top of the main() function.
They are named 'Run' and 'Debug' and if clicked they do what their names say.
To debug, put a breakpoint inside your main.rs file and hit F5 (the menu entry Run > Start Debugging) or click the Debug button on top of the main() function placed there by the rust-analyzer extension if you have it installed.
If you click the debug button you don't have to create a launch.json config file.
If you hit the F5 key or click the menu entry Run > Start Debugging, a launch.json file will be added to your folder.
Just click Yes in the message box to auto generate the launch.json file.
Then hit the F5 key again to start debugging.
Now you can step through your code during the debugging process.
Link 1: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=rust-lang.rust
Link to Font Ligatures example - Image for the font 'Fira Code':
Image Link: Coding font with font ligatures
This question is old, but in the mean time a lot has changed.
The easiest way to install on Windows is to go to the Rust installation page and download and run rustup-init.exe. It installs rustc, rustup and similar tools. It just works™.
I have some demos that I downloaded and they come with a Makefile.win and a Makefile.sgi. How can I run these in Windows to compile the demos?
You can install GNU make with chocolatey, a well-maintained package manager, which will add make to the global path and runs on all CLIs (powershell, git bash, cmd, etc…) saving you a ton of time in both maintenance and initial setup to get make running.
Install the chocolatey package manager for Windows
compatible to Windows 7+ / Windows Server 2003+
Run choco install make
I am not affiliated with choco, but I highly recommend it, so far it has never let me down and I do have a talent for breaking software unintentionally.
If you have Visual Studio, run the Visual Studio Command prompt from the Start menu, change to the directory containing Makefile.win and type this:
nmake -f Makefile.win
You can also use the normal command prompt and run vsvars32.bat (c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\Tools for VS2008). This will set up the environment to run nmake and find the compiler tools.
Check out GnuWin's make (for windows), which provides a native port for Windows (without requiring a full runtime environment like Cygwin)
If you have winget, you can install via the CLI like this:
winget install GnuWin32.Make
Also, be sure to add the install path to your system PATH:
C:\Program Files (x86)\GnuWin32\bin
Check out cygwin, a Unix alike environment for Windows
Here is my quick and temporary way to run a Makefile
download make from SourceForge: gnuwin32
install it
go to the install folder
C:\Program Files (x86)\GnuWin32\bin
copy the all files in the bin to the folder that contains Makefile
libiconv2.dll libintl3.dll make.exe
open the cmd (you can do it with right click with shift) in the folder that contains Makefile and run
make.exe
done.
Plus, you can add arguments after the command, such as
make.exe skel
If you install Cygwin. Make sure to select make in the installer. You can then run the following command provided you have a Makefile.
make -f Makefile
https://cygwin.com/install.html
I use MinGW tool set which provides mingw32-make build tool, if you have it in your PATH system variables, in Windows Command Prompt just go into the directory containing the files and type this command:
mingw32-make -f Makefile.win
and it's done.
I tried all of the above. What helps me:
Download the mingw-get.
Setup it.
Add something like this C:\MinGW\bin to environment variables.
Launch (!important) git bash. Power shell, developer vs cmd, system cmd etc didn't help.
Type mingw-get into the command line.
After type mingw-get install mingw32-make.
Done! Now You might be able to use make-commands from any folder that contains Makefile.
With Visual Studio 2017 I had to add this folder to my Windows 10 path env variable:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX64\x64
There's also HostX86
If it is a "NMake Makefile", that is to say the syntax and command is compatible with NMake, it will work natively on Windows. Usually Makefile.win (the .win suffix) indicates it's a makefile compatible with Windows NMake. So you could try nmake -f Makefile.win.
Often standard Linux Makefiles are provided and NMake looks promising. However, the following link takes a simple Linux Makefile and explains some fundamental issues that one may encounter. It also suggests a few alternatives to handling Linux Makefiles on Windows.
Makefiles in Windows
Firstly, add path of visual studio common tools (c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\Tools) into the system path. To learn how to add a path into system path, please check this website:
http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000549.htm. You just need to this once.
After that, whenever you need, open a command line and execute vsvars32.bat to add all required visual studio tools' paths into the system path.
Then, you can call nmake -f makefile.mak
PS: Path of visual studio common tools might be different in your system. Please change it accordingly.
I tried with cygwin & gnuwin, and didn't worked for me, I guess because the makefile used mainly specific linux code.
What it worked was use Ubuntu Bash for Windows 10. This is a Marvel if you come from MAC as it is my case:
To install the Ubuntu Bash: https://itsfoss.com/install-bash-on-windows/
Once in the console, to install make simply type "make" and it gives the instructions to download it.
Extras:
Useful enable copy / paste on bash: Copy Paste in Bash on Ubuntu on Windows
In my case the make called Maven, so I have to install it as well: https://askubuntu.com/questions/722993/unable-to-locate-package-maven
To access windows filesystem C: drive, for example: "cd /mnt/c/"
Hope it helps
Install msys2 with make dependency add both to PATH variable.
(The second option is GNU ToolChain for Windows. MinGW version has already mingw32-make included.)
Install Git Bash. Run mingw32-make from Git Bash.
If you have already installed the Windows GNU compiler (MinGW) from MSYS2 then make command comes pre-installed as wingw32-make. Always match cmake makefile generation with the correct make command. Mixing these generate problems.
MinGW makefile generation with MinGW make command
Visual Studio makefile generation with VS equivalent make command
And this is always possible as long as you have the source code. Just delete old build directory and start over by specifying this time the right parameter in cmake ,e.g.
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -G "MinGW MakeFiles" path/to/src/whereCMakeLists.txtInstructionsAre
mingw32-make
myProject.exe # RUN
I have encountered issues during compilation where multiple make commands interact. To prevent this just edit/remove the environmental variables that lead to different make commands. For example to prevent conflicts with mingw, keep only C:\msys64\mingw64\bin but remove C:\msys64\usr\bin. That other path contains the msys make and as I said you do not want to combine make commands during compilation.
Download from https://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/
Set the variable path in advance setting for recognize in command prompt (C:\Program Files (x86)\GnuWin32\bin)
So if you're using Vscode and Mingw then you should first make sure that the bin folder of the mingw is included in the environment path and it is preferred to change the mingw32-make.exe to make to ease the task and then create a makefile
and include this code in it .
all:
gcc -o filename filename.c
./filename
Then save the makefile and open Vscode Code terminal and write make. Then makefile will get executed.
I am assuming you added mingw32/bin is added to environment variables else please add it and I am assuming it as gcc compiler and you have mingw installer.
First step: download mingw32-make.exe from mingw installer, or please check mingw/bin folder first whether mingw32-make.exe exists or not, else than install it, rename it to make.exe.
After renaming it to make.exe, just go and run this command in the directory where makefile is located. Instead of renaming it you can directly run it as mingw32-make.
After all, a command is just exe file or a software, we use its name to execute the software, we call it as command.
For me installing ubuntu WSL on windows was the best option, that is the best tool for compiling makefile on windows. One thousand is better than Cygwin64, because to compile a makefile you will need another package and compile software like maybe gfortran, netcdf, etc, ect, in ubuntu WSL you can install all of these packages very easily and quickly ;)
The procedure I followed is;
I installed Gnuwin32's make using the installable.
Added the "make" path to the environmental variable PATH.
Verified the installation using "make --version"
Go to http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/make.htm and download make-3.81.exe, install and add to Windows path.
May be it can work.
pip install Makefile