Updating form in Laravel goes wrong - laravel

Question

This may be a very simple question, but I can't figure it out! and that's frustrating.
I do my best to explain everything step by step.
This a small Todo list project in Laravel 8
A user can create a Project.
When user clicks on a created project, he goes to the project page (show page)
ShowController.php
public function show(Project $project)
{
return view('projects.show', compact('project'));
}
In the show page the user can add comments via a textarea form field.
show.blade.php
<form action="{{ route('project.update',['project' => $project]) }}" method="post">
#csrf
#method('PUT')
<textarea name="notes" placeholder="Add notes">{{ $project->notes ?? '' }}</textarea>
<button type="submit">Save</button>
</form>
Where it goes wrong is here, by updating the project! as soon as the user enters something in the comments field and clicks save, the form indicates that the following items are required:
The owner_id, title, description field are required. While the model is sent to the show blade page and then in the form action route.
What am I doing wrong here?
UpdateController.php
public function update(ProjectRequest $request, Project $project)
{
$validated = $request->validated();
$project->update($validated);
return redirect($project->path());
}
ProjectRequest.php
public function rules(): array
{
return [
'owner_id' => 'required',
'title' => 'required',
'description' => 'required',
'notes' => 'nullable',
];
web.php
use App\Http\Controllers\Projects\CreateController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Projects\IndexController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Projects\ShowController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Projects\StoreController;
use App\Http\Controllers\Projects\UpdateController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
Route::get('/', [IndexController::class, 'index'])->name('project.index');
Route::get('/projects/create', [CreateController::class, 'create'])->name('project.create');
Route::post('/projects', [StoreController::class, 'store'])->name('project.store');
Route::get('/projects/{project}', [ShowController::class, 'show'])->name('project.show');
Route::put('/projects/{project}', [UpdateController::class, 'update'])->name('project.update');
migration
public function up()
{
Schema::create('projects', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->unsignedBigInteger('owner_id');
$table->string('title');
$table->text('description');
$table->text('notes')->nullable();
$table->timestamps();
$table->foreign('owner_id')
->references('id')
->on('users')
->onDelete('cascade');
});
}

Answer 1

You have required rules for fields that does not exist in form. So validation correctly fails.
If you use these rules for storing data, and want different one for updating, then you have at least three solutions:
Make separate form request file. So instead ProjectRequest do for
ex. ProjectUpdateRequest and ProjectStoreRequest.
Use single Request, but detect if it is Update or Store inside rules() function, and return different rules array based on it. Related question: Laravel form request validation on store and update use same validation
Don't use custom FormRequest at all for Update, just make this single validation inside controller update() function.
https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/validation#quick-writing-the-validation-logic
Option 2 seems to be best solution, because you will not have to repeat validation rules for "notes" input in multiple places - everything will be in single file.

Answer 2

If the fields are not required then take them out of your $required array and it should work.

Answer 3

When injecting a model ID to a route or controller action, you will
often query the database to retrieve the model that corresponds to
that ID. Laravel route model binding provides a convenient way to
automatically inject the model instances directly into your routes.
For example, instead of injecting a user's ID, you can inject the
entire User model instance that matches the given ID.
Reference
show.blade.php
<form action="{{ route('project.update',['project' => $project->id]) }}" method="post">
#csrf
#method('PUT')
<textarea name="notes" placeholder="Add notes">{{ $project->notes ?? '' }}</textarea>
<button type="submit">Save</button>
</form>
Also, to update a column, you do not need to validate and update all the columns.
UpdateController.php
public function update(Request $request, Project $project)
{
$request->validate([
'title' => 'nullable|string',
]);
$project->update(['notes' => $request->notes ?? '']);
return redirect($project->path());
}
Note: Add use Illuminate\Http\Request; to the first UpdateController.php file.