What is ctx and arg in discord.py? [closed] - discord.py

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So I have been learning discord.py and keep getting stuck in the same part. I don't know what ctx and arg mean. I can't find much in their documentation. I've seen it like ctx.send or async def blank(ctx). What does it do and what use cases would it be used for?

ctx is short for context. It is used by discord.ext.commands and includes information like who executed the command, where it was executed and so on. ctx.send() is basically a helper function which makes your life easier. You can read its description in the docs to find out how it works and what it does. You just need to read it.
arg is short for argument. It is usually used as a variable length argument list.

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How to convert [u8] to [u32]? [closed]

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I wanted to embed an image to my binary and used the "include_bytes" macro. The GUI library I wanted to use only accepts [u32] for input and the said macro produces only [u8].
How do I convert a [u8] to a [u32]? I've seen some in the internet but the explanations are a bit too technical for me (I'm only self-taught). There were several options that I saw like bitwise and a method in "u32" from the standard library. Anyone can give an actual code on how to do it? Like study it from there in case I will need it for other files in the future. Thank you. I almost always just understand things via code coz I'm not aware of many technical terms, algos, etc.
using .map(Into::<u32>::into)
fn main() {
assert_eq!([0_u8, 1_u8].map(Into::<u32>::into), [0_u32, 1_u32]);
}

Ruby on Rails The kept [closed]

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od_practice.partnerships.kept.first&.omd_practice&.id
I have seen people use the word kept.first to pull data from database in ruby on rail . What does these words mean ? i have tried to do some research and i seem not find any solution. Can someone explain me please ?
This is called a message send in Ruby. In some other languages, it might be called a method call.
It is sending the message kept with no arguments to the object that was the result of evaluating the beginning of the message chain. This message send will in turn result in an object being returned, and it is then sending the message first to that object, again with no arguments.

Parse code file [closed]

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nd maybe there is some tool for this? I must extract entire blocks and subblocks like 'it'
I doubt any parser could help to load code blocks into variables. It would require eval, but even with eval it would be extremely hard to collect all the context etc.
It the target is rspec scenarios, I would go with monkeypatching rspec core, prepending your own detectors like:
def before(*args, &block)
MyCollector.collect_block(block)
super(*args, &block)
end
You can parse it with
https://github.com/seattlerb/ruby_parser
or
https://github.com/whitequark/parser
and will receive an AST (Abstrax Syntax Tree) which you then can process further. Depending on the amount of details you need from the source, you could also use some Regexps or write your own parser...
Perhaps you can tell us a little more about your project (input, output, reasons)

Go - operator overloading [closed]

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I have started to study Go and I am trying to understand what happens below:
time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond) // Works
time.Sleep("1000ms") // Doesn't work
If you print to the console time.Milliseconds you can see 1ms. So I think that I can simply call that method with the value "1000ms", but I get an error. Next I searched for operator overloading in Go, but it doesn't support it. I understand that time.Sleep gets the time.Milliseconds data type, but how does Go allow it if it doesn't support overloading operators like *?
Sleep() accept a Duration type which is int64. So you can't pass string type object as an argument without typecasting it.
You got the output 1ms because of this method
(time.Duration) String() string

Ruby detect if a column value has changed [closed]

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So I have this line:
if self.company_changed?
And it works fine but this detects if the company has changed on the object. I need to know if the database value has changed and not if the value in memory has changed. So I tried this:
if :company_changed?
This seems to work in debug mode when I only execute the one line. If I let it run, it fails in testing on an infinite loop.
My question is what can be used in ruby to check to see if the column value has actually changed.
I'm pretty sure you're actually talking about ActiveRecord. In which case, you'd need to re-fetch the record to see if the value has changed in the database.
self.class.find(self.id).company != self.company
A general purpose method for this might be something like:
def attr_changed_in_db?(attr)
self.class.find(self.id).attributes[attr] != self.attributes[attr]
end
There is an excellent screencast on this by the great Ryan Bates.

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