Graphviz nested subgraph orientation - graphviz

I recently came across the image below. I know it was created with graphviz/dot, but the source code is not available (lost to time).
Desired Output:
I have been trying to find a way to reverse engineer the source code, but the horizontal ordering of the nested subgraphs has been giving me difficulty. A bare minimum mostly-working example looks like this in code
digraph G {
A
B
subgraph cluster_0 {
edge [style=invis]
subgraph cluster_0_0 {
D -> E -> F
}
C -> D -> E -> F -> G
}
A -> C
A -> B
A -> G
B -> { D E F }
}
However, that gives me this output:
Adding newrank=true to the outer subgraph gives me the horizontal orientation I'm looking for:
digraph G {
A
B
subgraph cluster_0 {
newrank=true
edge [style=invis]
subgraph cluster_0_0 {
D -> E -> F
}
C -> D -> E -> F -> G
}
A -> C
A -> B
A -> G
B -> { D E F }
}
But this sets the nodes in the wrong order:

I hope there is a better solution, but here is one (the rest of the node labels should be evident):
digraph G {
newrank=true
splines=false // A->C edge gets wacky without this
node [shape=Mrecord]
// Mrecords produce this Warning:
// flat edge between adjacent nodes one of which has a record shape - replace records with HTML-like labels
// but Mrecords still seem to work, so maybe ignore warning ??
// hoped that ordering or weight or group attributes would
// position C and G as desired, but nope
// instead, clusters and constraint attribute worked, why?
A [group=T label="{Measure|4/4}"]
B [group=T]
A -> B
{
rank=same C F E D G // declare right-to-left ??
}
subgraph clusterCDEFG {
graph [style=rounded]
// within a rank, layout tends to be right-to-left
// so, declare right-to-left ??
// why do these clusters help position C & G ???
subgraph clusterG { peripheries=0
G
}
subgraph clusterDEF {
// declare right-to-left
F
E [group=T]
D
edge [style=invis]
// D -> E -> F
}
// why do these clusters help position C & G ???
subgraph clusterC { peripheries=0
C
}
}
A -> C [constraint=false] // why does this impact position within rank ??
A -> G [constraint=false] // why does this impact position within rank ??
B -> { F E D } // declare right-to-left ??
edge [style=invis]
// C -> D // Mrecord shape has problems
// F -> G // Mrecord shape has problems
}
Giving:

Related

Make a Graphviz plot more square

I am trying to make plot of several disconnected graphs.
digraph {
// rankdir=RL
subgraph template {
node [shape=square]
edge [color=black]
subgraph top {
node [group=1]
A
B
C
D
E
}
subgraph bottom {
node [group=2]
F
G
H
}
}
C -> c
F -> f
subgraph s1 {
edge [color=red]
A -> a
B -> b1
D -> d1
E -> e1
G -> g1
H -> h1
}
subgraph s2 {
edge [color=blue]
A -> b1
B -> a
D -> d2
E -> e2
G -> g2
H -> h2
}
subgraph s3 {
edge [color=green]
A -> a
B -> b1
D -> d2
E -> e3
G -> g3
H -> h1
}
subgraph s4 {
edge [color=purple]
A -> b1
B -> a
D -> e1
E -> e2
G -> g4
H -> h1
}
subgraph s5 {
edge [ color=orange]
A -> b1
B -> a
D -> d5
E -> e1
G -> g5
H -> h1
}
subgraph s6 {
edge [ color=brown]
A -> a
B -> b1
D -> d1
E -> e6
G -> g6
H -> h1
}
subgraph s6 {
edge [ color=tan]
A -> a
B -> b2
D -> d2
E -> e6
G -> g6
H -> h1
}
}
This creates a short, wide graph.
I would like to have a taller, narrower graph. For example, moving the F, G and H trees under the A-E nodes would be good.
I tried size, which just made the nodes bigger or smaller.
I tried ratio, which stretched the graph but did not move nodes around.
I tried using group and/or rankdir, but neither did what I wanted.
I have mostly tried using fdp, but also tried dot.
I am happy with a solution that either automatically moves the nodes around or requires me to manually move them.
Any suggestions on how to achieve this?
Here are two ways:
(easiest)
make each top-level cluster a stand-alone graph.
run each graph through dot -Tdot myfileX.gv >myfileX.dot
use gvpack (https://graphviz.org/pdf/gvpack.1.pdf) to combine the individual files into one combo graph
run the combo graph through neato -n2 -Tpng >mycombo.png (see https://www.graphviz.org/faq/#FaqDotWithCoords)
gvpack -array_ib1 myfiles*.dot |neato -Tpng -n2 >oooo.png
OR
use invisible edges to connect the nodes from one cluster to another a->C. Unfortunately, this quickly becomes tedious, trying to get all the nodes to line up as you want.

Graphviz: align nodes horizontally

I thought the following would be simple, but for some reason, it really isn't...
Let's start with this:
digraph G {
rankdir=LR
A -> B -> C -> E -> F
}
This is the output:
Now, let's add a backwards relationship:
digraph G {
rankdir=LR
A -> B -> C -> E -> F
E -> A
}
I get this:
In the end, what I want is for the nodes to be aligned horizontally, and the backwards arrow to go around. I'm thinking, easy, with rank=same:
digraph G {
rankdir=LR
{rank=same;A -> B -> C -> E -> F}
E -> A
}
Oops:
Now, it's not even aligned horizontally or even sequentially (it's E, F, A, B, C). So how do I get a layout as in the very first output, with an arrow from E to A going around?
How about:
digraph G {
//rankdir=LR
{rank=same;A -> B -> C -> E -> F}
E -> A
}
the rank=same forces the LR

Graphviz enforce ordering between nodes of different levels

I have the following graph:
digraph {
stylesheet = "..."
subgraph cluster {
b; c; g;
{rank=same; b; g;}
}
a -> b;
b -> c;
c -> d;
c -> e;
f -> c;
{rank=same; a; f;}
}
Is there any way to force/encourage the edge f -> c to pass between nodes b and g? I've tried a number of different strategies and graphviz refuses to both:
keep b and g within the border, and
allow g to appear of to the side and not interfere with the rest of the graph.
Any suggestions would be much appreciated!
Indeed, the dot algorithm does not want to route the f->c edge as you want. However, the neato edge routing algorithm produces a closer result. So we use dot to position the nodes and neato -n to route the edges. Like so:
dot -Tdot myfile.gv >out.dot
neato -n -Tpng out.dot >myfile.png
Using this input:
digraph {
stylesheet = "https://g3doc.corp.google.com/frameworks/g3doc/includes/graphviz-style.css"
nodesep=.5 // optional
subgraph cluster {
b
c; g
{rank=same; b; g;}
}
f -> g [style=invis]
f:se -> c:nw [constraint=false]
a -> b;
b -> c;
c -> d;
c -> e;
}
Giving:
See https://graphviz.org/faq/#FaqDotWithNodeCoords
And https://graphviz.org/docs/outputs/canon/
(Close enough?)

In graphviz, can you bring two vertices closer together?

When describing a graph with graphviz, I sometimes find I want two vertices to appear closer together than the layout engine I chose places them. Is there a way to hint that I want them closer?
I'm mostly interested in the case of two connected vertices, so an answer specific to that case is fine.
Concrete example:
digraph G {
node [shape="circle"];
Start [shape="none" label=""];
C [shape="doublecircle"];
Start -> A;
A -> B [label="0,1"];
B -> C [label="0,1"];
C -> D [label="0,1"];
D -> D [label="0,1"];
}
I want the vertices Start and A to be closer.
You can't do that, but you can make nearly everything else twice as big, here is a start.
(But you can't increase the size of an edge to self)
digraph G {
rankdir=LR
edge[minlen=2 fontsize=28 arrowsize=2 penwidth=2]
node[fontsize=28 height=1 penwidth=2]
graph[fontsize=28 penwidth=2]
node [shape="circle"];
Start [shape="none" label=""];
C [shape="doublecircle"];
Start -> A[minlen=1]; // not twice the size to get the requested effect
A -> B [label="0,1"];
B -> C [label="0,1"];
C -> D [label="0,1"];
D -> D [label="0,1"];
}
[this answer applies specifically to dot]
there is no edge-level attribute that explicitly sets or changes edge length
the graph-level nodesep attribute sets minimum distance between two nodes of same rank
so:
digraph G {
nodesep=.17
{
rank=same
node [shape="circle"];
Start [shape="none" label=""];
C [shape="doublecircle"];
Start -> A;
A -> B [label="0,1"];
B -> C [label="0,1"];
C -> D [label="0,1"];
D -> D [label="0,1"];
}
}
produces:
To increase the distance between the other nodes, you can add spaces to the labels.
I'm not wild about it either, but this change:
B -> C [label=" 0,1 "]; // pad to make label (and edge) longer
produced this:

In a graphviz dot digraph, how can I break a wide layout (rankdir LR)

With python I'm trying to generate a long graph where always one node points to the next. This ends up in having a long snail of nodes (rankdir LR). However I want to break it after a certain width or number or nodes. How can this be achived?
graph = gv.Digraph(format='svg')
graph.graph_attr.update({'rankdir': 'LR'})
graph.node('a', 'A')
graph.node('b', 'B')
graph.node('c', 'C')
graph.node('d', 'D')
graph.node('e', 'E')
graph.node('f', 'F')
...
graph.edges(['ab', 'bc', 'cd', 'de', 'ef', ...])
Output:
However I want (or similar):
I tried to use size, but that only zooms the whole graph.
As a workarround I tried to reduce ranksep, but that only makes it better for a few more items.
I also searched a lot but could not find an appropriate answer.
An unanswered question that goes into a similar direction is:
graphviz plot too wide.
For other related questions suggested answer was to use invisible elements but that does not work here either.
Update:
I've altered the code for edges according to the comment of #vaettchen:
graph.edge('a', 'b', None, {'weight':'5'})
graph.edge('b', 'c', None, {'weight':'5'})
graph.edge('d', 'e', None, {'weight':'5'})
graph.edge('e', 'f', None, {'weight':'5'})
graph.edge('c', 'd', None, {'weight':'1'})
graph.edge('a', 'd', None, {'style':'dashed', 'rank':'same'})
Unfortunately the result now looks like this (style 'dashed' instead of 'invis' for better visibility):
'rank': 'same' seems not change anything. Also when applied to nodes A and D.
This should be a comment rather than an answer as it doesn't address the python issue and I guess you are also looking for something more "automatic" - but maybe it gives some ideas; and as nobody else is picking it up, here a pure graphviz suggestion:
digraph so
{
// graph attributes
rankdir = LR; // horizontal graph
splines = ortho // edges with "corners"
// default/initial node style
node[ shape = box ];
// nodes where the "new lines" begin
// connected invisibly to keep them in order
{ rank = same; A -> E -> I[ style = invis ] }
// nodes that are to be in one line
// extra weight needed to keep the edges straight
edge[ weight = 5 ];
A -> B -> C -> D;
E -> F -> G -> H;
I -> J -> K -> etc;
// edges connecting the graph elements over the lines
edge[ weight = 1 ];
D -> E;
H -> I;
}
yields
There are several ways to make this "snake".
First, to create right-angle edge bends, apply to all edges attribute splines=ortho.
Variant 1
Use edge attributes such as constraint=false or weight=0 for C -> D edge to create "soft" edge and rank=same for A, D nodes to create "strong" alignment between these nodes.
DOT script:
digraph {
graph[rankdir=LR;splines=ortho]
node[shape=box]
A -> B -> C
D -> E -> F
C -> D [constraint=false]
{rank=same;A;D}
}
Variant 2
Use group attribute to create "strong" alignment between A, B, C nodes and between D, E. F nodes; and rank=same for A, D nodes to create "strong" alignment between these nodes.
DOT script:
digraph {
graph[rankdir=LR;splines=ortho]
node[shape=box]
A [group=g1]
B [group=g1]
C [group=g1]
D [group=g2]
E [group=g2]
F [group=g2]
A -> B -> C -> D -> E -> F
{rank=same;A;D}
}
Both variant give the same result, I suppose that you can also use the neato engine to set the exact coordinates of the nodes, but it looks overcomplicated.
Minimal code example (for variant 1) with comments:
import graphviz as gv
nodes = ['A','B','C','D','E','F']
# Count of nodes in row,
# can be changed for the desired graph width
columns = 3
graph = gv.Digraph(format='svg', filename = "output/mygraph.gv",
graph_attr=dict(rankdir='LR', splines='ortho'),
node_attr=dict(shape='box'))
# Set constraint=false only for desired edges, for example
# only for every 3rd edges, where `3` is set by `columns` variable
for i in range(1, len(nodes)):
if i % columns == 0 :
graph.edge(nodes[i-1], nodes[i], constraint='false')
else:
graph.edge(nodes[i-1], nodes[i])
# Add desired nodes to `rank=same` subgraph
with graph.subgraph() as s:
s.attr(rank='same')
for i in range(0, len(nodes)):
if i % columns == 0 :
s.node(nodes[i])
graph.view()
Result image:
Result mygraph.gv:
digraph {
graph [rankdir=LR splines=ortho]
node [shape=box]
A -> B
B -> C
C -> D [constraint=false]
D -> E
E -> F
{
rank=same
A
D
}
}
Possible improvements
If there is one node on the line, creates a non-consistent last arrow:
This can be corrected by creating an invisible node inv2 between the nodes F and G:
digraph {
graph [rankdir=LR splines=ortho nodesep=.2]
node [shape=box]
A -> B
B -> C
C -> inv1 [constraint=false arrowhead=none]
inv1 -> D [constraint=false ]
D -> E
E -> F
F -> inv2 [constraint=false arrowhead=none]
inv2 -> G [constraint=false]
{
rank=same
A
inv1 [shape=point width=.01]
D
inv2 [shape=point width=.01]
G
}
}
Result:

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