Difference between compiling, debugging, executing and running - debugging

Question

I am new to programming. Additionally, I am super confused about compiling, debugging, executing, running. What does each of them mean and what starts first?
Thanks.

Answer 1

without make it complicated
compile: make your code executable, creating a file that can be executed
debug: is the action of check your code for execution instruction by instruction
execute/run: make your code produce the result that you coded for
C basic example
requisite
gcc (compiler)
shell (ex: bash)
terminal emulator
getting started
the main folder:
PROJECT
│
├─ README.md
│
└─ main.c
main.c: this file contain the code
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char ch = 'd';
printf("hello worl%c",ch);
return 0;
}
README.md: contain the explanation of the project
Compile
open the terminal in this folder and enter:
gcc -o build/out main.c
gcc: the compiler executable
-o build/out: the name of the output
main.c: the name of the file to compile
than this is what we should see
PROJECT
│
├─ README.md
│
├─ build
│ └─ out
│
└─ main.c
<!-- build is just the name of the
folder were the executable is placed -->
Execute/Run
open the terminal in this folder and enter:
./build/out
# result:
# > ./a.out
# hello world