I have following database
Customer (customerNO, customerName, address, city, category, custBalance)
Product (productNO, label, price, QStock)
CustomerOrder (orderNO, orderDate, #customerNO)
OrderedProduct (#orderNO, #productNO , orderQuantity )
and want to create a trigger called changeCustomer_Category which should be invoked before any update of customer balance in customer table.
Its job is to modify the category of a customer from B2 to B1 and from C2 to C1 when a customer's balance status drops below a certain threshold (-10000).
I try this but it does not work
CREATE or REPLACE TRIGGER changeCustomer_Category
AFTER update ON customer
FOR EACH ROW
ENABLE
DECLARE
BEGIN
END;
I'd think of
SQL> create or replace trigger trg_au_cust
2 before update on customer
3 for each row
4 begin
5 :new.category := case when :new.custbalance < -10000 then
6 case when :new.category = 'B2' then 'B1'
7 when :new.category = 'C2' then 'C1'
8 end
9 else :new.category
10 end;
11 end trg_au_cust;
12 /
Trigger created.
Testing: initial data:
SQL> select * from customer;
CA CUSTBALANCE
-- -----------
B2 5000
Shouldn't affect anything (as balance isn't lower than -10000):
SQL> update customer set custbalance = 100;
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from customer;
CA CUSTBALANCE
-- -----------
B2 100
Setting really low balance:
SQL> update customer set custbalance = -20000;
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from customer;
CA CUSTBALANCE
-- -----------
B1 -20000 --> right; category is now B1
SQL>
Related
The situation is that, when I import a file into the database, one of the first thing I usually do is to assign an unique ID for each record.
I normally do below in TSQL
ALTER TABLE MyTable
ADD ID INT IDENTITY(1,1)
I am wondering if there is something similar in PL SQL?
All my search result come back with multiple steps.
Then I'd like to know what PL SQL programmer typically do to ID records after importing a file. Do they do that?
The main purpose for me to ID these records is to trace it back after manipulation/copying.
Again, I understand there is solution there, my further question is whether PL SQL programmer actually do that, or there is other alternative which making this step not necessary in PL SQL?
OK then, as you're on Oracle 11g, there's no identity column there so - back to multiple steps. Here's an example:
I'm creating a table that simulates your imported table:
SQL> create table tab_import as
2 select ename, job, sal
3 from emp
4 where deptno = 10;
Table created.
Add the ID column:
SQL> alter table tab_import add id number;
Table altered.
Create a sequence which will be used to populate the ID column:
SQL> create sequence seq_imp;
Sequence created.
Update current rows:
SQL> update tab_import set
2 id = seq_imp.nextval;
3 rows updated.
Create a trigger which will take care about future inserts (if any):
SQL> create or replace trigger trg_bi_imp
2 before insert on tab_import
3 for each row
4 begin
5 :new.id := seq_imp.nextval;
6 end;
7 /
Trigger created.
Check what's in the table at the moment:
SQL> select * from tab_import;
ENAME JOB SAL ID
---------- --------- ---------- ----------
CLARK MANAGER 2450 1
KING PRESIDENT 5000 2
MILLER CLERK 1300 3
Let's import some more rows:
SQL> insert into tab_import (ename, job, sal)
2 select ename, job, sal
3 from emp
4 where deptno = 20;
3 rows created.
The trigger had silently populated the ID column:
SQL> select * From tab_import;
ENAME JOB SAL ID
---------- --------- ---------- ----------
CLARK MANAGER 2450 1
KING PRESIDENT 5000 2
MILLER CLERK 1300 3
SMITH CLERK 800 4
JONES MANAGER 2975 5
FORD ANALYST 3000 6
6 rows selected.
SQL>
Shortly: you need to
alter table and add the ID column
create a sequence
create a trigger
The end.
The answer given by #Littlefoot would be my recommendation too - but still I thought I could mention the following variant which will work only if you do not intend to add more rows to the table later.
ALTER TABLE MyTable add id number(38,0);
update MyTable set id = rownum;
commit;
My test:
SQL> create table tst as select * from all_tables;
Table created.
SQL> alter table tst add id number(38,0);
Table altered.
SQL> update tst set id = rownum;
3815 rows updated.
SQL> alter table tst add constraint tstPk primary key (id);
Table altered.
SQL>
SQL> select id from tst where id < 15;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ID
----------
12
13
14
14 rows selected.
But as mentioned initially,- this only fixes numbering for the rows you have at the time of the update - your'e not going to get new id values for new rows anytime later - if you need that, go for the sequence solution.
You can add an id column to a table with a single statement (Oracle 11g, see dbfiddle):
alter table test_
add id raw( 16 ) default sys_guid() ;
Example:
-- create a table without an id column
create table test_ ( str )
as
select dbms_random.string( 'x', 16 )
from dual
connect by level <= 10 ;
select * from test_ ;
STR
ULWL9EXFG6CIO72Z
QOM0W1R9IJ2ZD3DW
YQWAP4HZNQ57C2UH
EETF2AXD4ZKNIBBF
W9SECJYDER793MQW
alter table test_
add id raw( 16 ) default sys_guid() ;
select * from test_ ;
STR ID
ULWL9EXFG6CIO72Z 0x782C6EBCAE2D7B9FE050A00A02005D65
QOM0W1R9IJ2ZD3DW 0x782C6EBCAE2E7B9FE050A00A02005D65
YQWAP4HZNQ57C2UH 0x782C6EBCAE2F7B9FE050A00A02005D65
EETF2AXD4ZKNIBBF 0x782C6EBCAE307B9FE050A00A02005D65
W9SECJYDER793MQW 0x782C6EBCAE317B9FE050A00A02005D65
Testing
-- Are the id values unique and not null? Yes.
alter table test_
add constraint pkey_test_ primary key ( id ) ;
-- When we insert more rows, will the id be generated? Yes.
begin
for i in 1 .. 100
loop
insert into test_ (str) values ( 'str' || to_char( i ) ) ;
end loop ;
end ;
/
select * from test_ order by id desc ;
-- last 10 rows of the result
STR ID
str100 0x782C806E16A5E998E050A00A02005D81
str99 0x782C806E16A4E998E050A00A02005D81
str98 0x782C806E16A3E998E050A00A02005D81
str97 0x782C806E16A2E998E050A00A02005D81
str96 0x782C806E16A1E998E050A00A02005D81
str95 0x782C806E16A0E998E050A00A02005D81
str94 0x782C806E169FE998E050A00A02005D81
str93 0x782C806E169EE998E050A00A02005D81
str92 0x782C806E169DE998E050A00A02005D81
str91 0x782C806E169CE998E050A00A02005D81
Regarding your other questions:
{1} Then I'd like to know what PL SQL programmer typically do to ID records after importing a file. Do they do that? The main purpose for me to ID these records is to trace it back after manipulation/copying.
-> As you know, the purpose of an id is: to identify a row. We don't "do anything to IDs". Thus, your usage of IDs seems legit.
{2} Again, I understand there is solution there, my further question is whether PL SQL programmer actually do that, or there is other alternative which making this step not necessary in PL SQL?
-> Not quite sure what you are asking here. Although there is a ROWID() pseudocolumn (see documentation), we should not use it to identify rows.
"You should not use ROWID as the primary key of a table. If you delete
and reinsert a row with the Import and Export utilities, for example,
then its rowid may change. If you delete a row, then Oracle may
reassign its rowid to a new row inserted later."
I am very new to Oracle; I have written two stored procedures where they have both different parameters. I would like to combine the queries in that two stored procedures into single query in a single stored procedure, and make sure it supports any criteria.
These are the stored procedures:
procedure usp_testsp1(RC1 OUT RCT1,
in_dep_Id IN number,
in_Org_id IN number,
in_emp_no IN number)
is
begin
select emp.Name as name,select emp.phone as phone,select emp.Race as
race
from employee emp
JOIN
Project prj ON
emp.ProjectId=prj.ProjectId
JOIN Project_Org Prorg
ON prj.ProjectId=Prorg.ProjectId
JOIN Organization Org1
ON Prorg.OrgId=Org1.OrgId
JOIN Organization Org2
ON emp.OrgId=Org2.OrgId
AND Org2.OrgType=0
WHERE (upper(emp.emp_No) in (in_emp_No ))
AND Prorg.OrgId=in_Org_id
AND Org2.OrgId=in_dep_Id
end;
procedure usp_testsp2(RC1 OUT RCT1,
in_dep_Id IN number,
in_Org_id IN number,
in_vendor_id IN raw,
in_vendor_startdate IN date,
in_vendor_enddate IN date)
is
begin
OPEN RC1 FOR
select emp.Name as name,select emp.phone as phone,select emp.Race as
race
from
from employee emp
JOIN
Project prj ON
emp.ProjectId=prj.ProjectId
JOIN Project_Org Prorg
ON prj.ProjectId=Prorg.ProjectId
JOIN Organization Org1
ON Prorg.OrgId=Org1.OrgId
JOIN Organization Org2
ON emp.OrgId=Org2.OrgId
AND Org2.OrgType=0
INNER JOIN vendor_Emp
ON emp.employeeid=vendor_emp.employeeid
INNER JOIN Vendor
ON Vendor.VendorId=Vendor_emp.VendorId
WHERE Prorg.OrgId=in_Org_id
AND Org2.OrgId=in_dep_Id
AND Vendor.VendorId=in_vendor_id
AND vendor.StartDate=in_vendor_startdate AND Vendor.EndDate=in_vendor_enddate
end;
My objective is to combine the queries within these two separate procedures into a single query such that if I combine all the parameters, I have in_emp_no, in_vendor_id, in_vendor_startdate, in_vendor_enddate apart from the common parameters any of the parameters can be null and I want to make sure that those things won't affect the rest of the query even though its not null
For ex i have only in_emp_no ='xxxx' and common inputs rest of the params like
in_vendor_id etc is null.
I would like to make my query to work even with single paramter to filter the result set
NOTEWithout using Dynamic SQL
Thanks
BJ
You can make columns in the query behave as optional, as far as your join's go, you may need to play with various combinations to make sure everything works.
Sample Table
create table sqltest (
empid number,
name varchar2(10),
orgid number,
depid number,
vendorid number);
insert into sqltest values(1,'BoB',1,1,21);
insert into sqltest values(2,'Chuck',1,1,21);
insert into sqltest values(3,'Mary',1,2,21);
insert into sqltest values(4,'Jane',1,2,22);
insert into sqltest values(5,'Rick',2,1,22);
insert into sqltest values(6,'Samir',2,6,23);
insert into sqltest values(7,'Kirk',3,6,23);
insert into sqltest values(8,'Alex',3,9,23);
commit;
Sample Proc
create or replace procedure calltest (
rc1 out SYS_REFCURSOR,
pempid number,
porgid number,
pdepid number,
pvendorid number)
is
begin
open rc1 for
select * from sqltest
where
(pempid IS NULL OR empid = pempid) and
(porgid IS NULL OR orgid = porgid) and
(pdepid IS NULL OR depid = pdepid) and
(pvendorid IS NULL OR vendorid = pvendorid);
end;
Sample Call
set autoprint on;
var vcur refcursor;
declare
begin
calltest(rc1=>:vcur,pempid=>NULL,porgid=>1,pdepid=>NULL,pvendorid=>NULL);
--calltest(rc1=>:vcur,pempid=>NULL,porgid=>1,pdepid=>2,pvendorid=>NULL);
--calltest(rc1=>:vcur,pempid=>NULL,porgid=>1,pdepid=>2,pvendorid=>22);
--calltest(rc1=>:vcur,pempid=>NULL,porgid=>NULL,pdepid=>NULL,pvendorid=>23);
end;
Sample Output 1
VCUR
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPID NAME ORGID DEPID VENDORID
--------------------------------------- ---------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
1 BoB 1 1 21
2 Chuck 1 1 21
3 Mary 1 2 21
4 Jane 1 2 22
Sample Output 2
VCUR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPID NAME ORGID DEPID VENDORID
--------------------------------------- ---------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
3 Mary 1 2 21
4 Jane 1 2 22
Sample Output 3
VCUR
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPID NAME ORGID DEPID VENDORID
--------------------------------------- ---------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
4 Jane 1 2 22
Sample Output 4
VCUR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPID NAME ORGID DEPID VENDORID
--------------------------------------- ---------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
6 Samir 2 6 23
7 Kirk 3 6 23
8 Alex 3 9 23
I'm working with PL/SQL Developer.
I'm trying to update values in a column(existing table).
The values used to populate rows should be auto incremented. The starting value is the maximum value that already exist in such field.
An example, I have the following table
ORDER_ID T_NAME T_PRICE
20 CAR 50
NULL VAN 100
NULL BIKE 10
NULL BOAT 300
After running the query I would expect the table to look like:
ORDER_ID T_NAME T_PRICE
20 CAR 50
21 VAN 100
22 BIKE 10
23 BOAT 300
The query I created so far is:
DECLARE
temp_order_id number;
BEGIN
:temp_order_id = SELECT ISNULL(MAX((ORDER_ID)),0) + 1 FROM SALES_ACC;
update SALES_ACC
set (ORDER_ID) = :temp_order_id , :temp_order_id = :temp_order_id + 1
where (ORDER_ID) is null;
END;
Oracle doesn't like assigning a value from select statement to the temp_order_id variable.
Does anyone has any idea how to fix it?
You don't need pl/sql for this - you can do it in a single update statement - eg:
create table test1 as
select 20 order_id, 'CAR' t_name, 50 t_price from dual union all
select null order_id, 'VAN' t_name, 100 t_price from dual union all
select null order_id, 'BIKE' t_name, 10 t_price from dual union all
select null order_id, 'BOAT' t_name, 300 t_price from dual;
update test1
set order_id = (select max(order_id) from test1) + rownum
where order_id is null;
commit;
select * from test1
order by 1;
ORDER_ID T_NAME T_PRICE
---------- ------ ----------
20 CAR 50
21 VAN 100
22 BIKE 10
23 BOAT 300
drop table test1;
As a side note, it sounds like order_id is something that should really be the primary key of the table - if you had that, then you wouldn't be allowed to add a row without a value. Plus, you would also need a sequence that you would then use when inserting data into the table - e.g.:
insert into test1 (order_id, t_name, t_price)
values (test1_seq.nextval, 'TRIKE', 30);
ORACLE's recomended way for this is either:
Create a sequence and a trigger on the table to assign order_id as soon as row is being inserted
or, for Oracle 12c, you can have an IDENTITY column
See How to create id with AUTO_INCREMENT on Oracle?, both approaches are described there.
Within the DECLARE ... BEGIN ... END; section you are in PL/SQL syntax. That is not equal to the SQL syntax. Within PL/SQL syntax you should make use of the so called select into statement.
SELECT ISNULL(MAX((ORDER_ID)),0) + 1
into :temp_order_id
FROM SALES_ACC
I use following query to insert a new row:
insert into table1 (c1, c2, c3) (select c1, c2, c3 from table2 where some_condition)
This works finely if there is a row in table2 that satisfies some_condition. But if there are no rows, nothing is inserted.
Are there any way to specify default values to insert if select returns empty result set? I want to do that in one sql query.
This isn't very pretty, but it does what you want, You'd need to test with your environment to see if it performs well enough
SQL> drop table so_tgt;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> create table so_src (
2 c1 varchar2(6)
3 ,c2 varchar2(6)
4 ,c3 varchar2(6)
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into so_src values ( 'foo','bar','moo' );
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> create table so_tgt as select * from so_src where 1 = 0;
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> /* Test for existing row insert */
SQL> insert into so_tgt
2 with x as ( select s.*, 1 as r
3 from so_src s
4 where c1='foo'
5 union
6 select 'x','y','z',0 as r /* DEFAULT VALUES */
7 from dual )
8 select c1,c2,c3
9 from x
10 where r = ( select max(r) from x ) ;
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from so_tgt;
C1 C2 C3
------ ------ ------
foo bar moo
SQL> truncate table so_tgt;
Table truncated.
SQL>
SQL> /* Test for default row insert */
SQL> insert into so_tgt
2 with x as ( select s.*, 1 as r
3 from so_src s
4 where c1='far'
5 union
6 select 'x','y','z',0 as r /* DEFAULT VALUES */
7 from dual )
8 select c1,c2,c3
9 from x
10 where r = ( select max(r) from x ) ;
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from so_tgt;
C1 C2 C3
------ ------ ------
x y z
SQL> truncate table so_tgt ;
Table truncated.
The quick and dirty way, if you don't mind repeating some_condition and where some_condition doesn't depend on the values in table2 is:
insert into table1 (c1,c2,c3)
select c1, c2, c3 from table2 where some_condition
union select defaultvalue1, defaultvalue2, defaultvalue3 from dual where not (some_condition)
If some_condition does depend on values in table2, then you can do (untested):
insert into table1 (c1,c2,c3)
select nvl(t2.c1, defaultvalue1), nvl(t2.c2, defaultvalue2), nvl(t2.c2, defaultvalue3)
from dual left join (select c1,c2,c3 from table2 where some_condition) t2
on 1 = 1
If I'm right, this query will always return at least one row, but if no rows showed up on the right side, then the t2 values will all be returned as null and so the nvl can be used to provide your default values.
Edit: Small caveat. This assumes that the values returned from table2 will not be null or that if they are, you want the default values.
I'm using oracle to output line items in from a shopping app. Each item has a quantity field that may be greater than 1 and if it is, I'd like to return that row N times.
Here's what I'm talking about for a table
product_id, quanity
1, 3,
2, 5
And I'm looking a query that would return
1,3
1,3
1,3
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
Is this possible? I saw this answer for SQL Server 2005 and I'm looking for almost the exact thing in oracle. Building a dedicated numbers table is unfortunately not an option.
I've used 15 as a maximum for the example, but you should set it to 9999 or whatever the maximum quantity you will support.
create table t (product_id number, quantity number);
insert into t values (1,3);
insert into t values (2,5);
select t.*
from t
join (select rownum rn from dual connect by level < 15) a
on a.rn <= t.quantity
order by 1;
First create sample data:
create table my_table (product_id number , quantity number);
insert into my_table(product_id, quantity) values(1,3);
insert into my_table(product_id, quantity) values(2,5);
And now run this SQL:
SELECT product_id, quantity
FROM my_table tproducts
,( SELECT LEVEL AS lvl
FROM dual
CONNECT BY LEVEL <= (SELECT MAX(quantity) FROM my_table)) tbl_sub
WHERE tbl_sub.lvl BETWEEN 1 AND tproducts.quantity
ORDER BY product_id, lvl;
PRODUCT_ID QUANTITY
---------- ----------
1 3
1 3
1 3
2 5
2 5
2 5
2 5
2 5
This question is propably same as this: how to calc ranges in oracle
Update solution, for Oracle 9i:
You can use pipelined_function() like this:
CREATE TYPE SampleType AS OBJECT
(
product_id number,
quantity varchar2(2000)
)
/
CREATE TYPE SampleTypeSet AS TABLE OF SampleType
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GET_DATA RETURN SampleTypeSet
PIPELINED
IS
l_one_row SampleType := SampleType(NULL, NULL);
BEGIN
FOR cur_data IN (SELECT product_id, quantity FROM my_table ORDER BY product_id) LOOP
FOR i IN 1..cur_data.quantity LOOP
l_one_row.product_id := cur_data.product_id;
l_one_row.quantity := cur_data.quantity;
PIPE ROW(l_one_row);
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
RETURN;
END GET_DATA;
/
Now you can do this:
SELECT * FROM TABLE(GET_DATA());
Or this:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW VIEW_ALL_DATA AS SELECT * FROM TABLE(GET_DATA());
SELECT * FROM VIEW_ALL_DATA;
Both with same results.
(Based on my article pipelined function)