ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL when inserting value into Oracle Database - oracle

When I try to insert into my employee table I'm getting an error:
INSERT INTO employee (department_id) VALUES (1)
Error report -
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("CYCLOPS"."EMPLOYEE"."ID")
Cyclops is my username that I've logged into the database as. I've created 2 tables. The employee table has a foreign key called department_id that refers to the department table id column.
Name Null? Type
------------- -------- ------------
ID NOT NULL NUMBER(5) -- That's the primary key
LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER
DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER -- That's the foreign key to the department id column
This is my department table
Name Null? Type
--------------- -------- ------------
ID NOT NULL NUMBER
DEPARTMENT_NAME VARCHAR2(20)
This is a select all on my employee table:
id last_name salary
1 JONES 20000
2 SMITH 35000
3 KING 40000
4 SIMPSON 52000
5 ANDERSON 31000
This is a select all from the department table:
ID department_name
1 IT
2 HR
3 SALES
What I want to do is insert the department_id into the employee record so I can add him to a department. Why am I getting an error on this insert?


What I want to do is insert the department_id into the employee record so I can add him to a department. Why am I getting an error on this insert?
You don't need to insert a new record, you need to update an existing record.
With INSERT INTO employee (department_id) VALUES (1) you create a new row where only the columns mentioned (in this case department_id) get values, all others are given null.
As your column ID is defined as NOT NULL, it throws an exception.
If you want to change your existing data, you need to update a record like
UPDATE employee SET department_id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE employee SET department_id = 2 WHERE id = 3;
Which will get you
id last_name salary department_id
1 JONES 20000 1
2 SMITH 35000 (null)
3 KING 40000 2
4 SIMPSON 52000 (null)
5 ANDERSON 31000 (null)


To be honest, it says pretty clear what is happening.
The "employee" table has the ID non-nullable column
ID NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
It means it's value can't be set to null
The command
INSERT INTO employee (department_id) VALUES (1)
will insert 1 to department_id and will try to populate every other column with null.
You need to provide id at least in order for making it work
INSERT INTO employee (id, department_id) VALUES (1, 1);

Related

SQL: ORA-02291: integrity constraint violated - parent key not found

I am creating this code SQL code and I keep getting the same error from every line of the insert statements after the errors begin here statement. the error is, ORA-02291: integrity constraint violated - parent key not found. I think it has something to do with the employee section constraint EMPSUPERVRFK but, that is the only constraint that the error message would lead to.
-- keep these two commands at the top of every sql file
set echo on
set linesize 120
delete from Employee;
commit;
-- insert only managers first with their dno is null
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES
('James','E','Borg',888665555,'10-NOV-1937','450 Stone, Houston, TX','M',55000,null,null);
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES
('Franklin','T','Wong',333445555, to_date('1955-12-08', 'YYYY-MM-DD'), '638 Voss, Houston, TX','M',40000,888665555,null);
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES
('Jennifer','J','Zelaya',987654321,'20-JUN-1941','291 Berry, Bellaire, TX','F',43000,888665555,null);
delete from Department;
commit;
insert into Department values ('Research',5,333445555,'22-MAY-1988');
insert into Department values ('Headquarters',1,888665555,'19-JUN-1981');
insert into Department values ('Administration',1,888665555,'01-JAN-1995');
-- now, update employee.dno for managers
UPDATE Employee SET dno = 1 WHERE ssn = 888665555;
UPDATE Employee SET dno = 5 WHERE ssn = 333445555;
-- need to update the rest of managers
-- insert the rest of non-manager employees, supervisors first
--errors begin here
delete from Employee;
commit;
INSERT INTO Employee VALUES ('John','B','Smith',123456789,'09-JAN-1965','731 Fondren, Houston, TX','M',30000,333445555,5);
insert into Employee values ('Alica','J','Zelya',999887777,'19-JAN-1968','3321 Castle, Spring, TX','F',25000,987654321,4);
insert into Employee values ('Ramesh','K','Narayan',666884444,'15-SEP-1962', '975 Fire Oak, Humnle, TX','M',38000,333445555,5);
insert into Employee values ('Joyce','A','English',453453453,'31-JUL-1972','5631 Rice, Houston, TX','F',25000,333445555,5);
insert into Employee values ('Ahmad','V','Jabbar',987987987,'29-MAR-1969','980 Dallas, Houston, TC','M',25000,987654321,4);
--Project
delete from PROJECT;
commit;
insert into PROJECT values ('ProductY',2,'Sugarland',5);
insert into PROJECT values ('ProductZ',3,'Houston',5);
insert into PROJECT values ('Computerication',10,'Stafford',4);
insert into PROJECT values ('Reorganization',20,'Houston',1);
insert into PROJECT values ('Newbenefits',30,'Stafford',4);
--dept_Locations
delete from DEPT_LOCATIONS;
commit;
insert into DEPT_LOCATIONS values (1, 'Houston');
insert into DEPT_LOCATIONS values (4,'Stafford');
insert into DEPT_LOCATIONS values (5,'Bellaire');
insert into DEPT_LOCATIONS values (5,'Sugarland');
insert into DEPT_LOCATIONS values (5,'Houston');
--works_on 16
delete from WORKS_ON;
commit;
insert into WORKS_ON values (123456789,1,32.5);
insert into WORKS_ON values (123456789,2,7.5);
insert into WORKS_ON values (666884444,3,40.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (453453453,1,20.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (453453453,2,20.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (333445555,2,10.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (333445555,3,10.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (333445555,10,10.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (333445555,20,10.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (999887777,30,30.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (999887777,10,10.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (987987987,10,35.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (987987987,30,5.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (987654321,30,20.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (987654321,20,15.0);
insert into WORKS_ON values (888665555,20,null);
--dependent 7
delete from DEPENDENT;
commit;
insert into DEPENDENT values (333445555,'Alice','F','05-APR-1986','Daughter');
insert into DEPENDENT values (333445555,'Theodore','M','25-OCT-1983','Son');
insert into DEPENDENT values (333445555,'Joy','F', '03-MAY-1958','Spouse');
insert into DEPENDENT values (987654321,'Abner','M', '28-FEB-1942','Spouse');
insert into DEPENDENT values (123456789,'Michael','M','04-JAN-1988','Son');
insert into DEPENDENT values (123456789,'Alice','F','30-DEC-1988','Daughter');
insert into DEPENDENT values (123456789,'Elizabeth','F', '05-MAY-1967','Spouse');
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set echo on
set linesize 120
drop table Employee cascade constraints;
commit;
create table Employee
(
fname varchar2(15),
minit varchar2(1), -- can be char
lname varchar2(15),
ssn number,
bdate date,
address varchar2(50),
sex varchar2(1) CHECK(Sex = 'M' or Sex = 'F'),
salary number CHECK(20000 <= salary AND 100000 >= salary),
superssn number,
dno number DEFAULT 0,
constraint EMPPK
primary key(ssn),
constraint EMPSUPERVRFK
foreign key(superssn) references Employee(ssn)
ON DELETE SET NULL
);
drop table Department cascade constraints;
commit;
create table Department
(
dname varchar2(15),-- NOT NULL,
dnumber number,
mgrssn number,
mgrstartdate date,
constraint DEPTPK
primary key(dnumber),
constraint DEPTMGRFK
foreign key(mgrssn) references Employee(ssn)
ON DELETE SET NULL
);
alter table Employee add
constraint EMPDEPTFK foreign key(dno) references Department(dnumber)
ON DELETE SET NULL;
drop table DEPT_LOCATIONS;
create table DEPT_LOCATIONS
(
Dnumber number,
Dlocation varchar2(15),
constraint PK_DnoDloc primary key(Dnumber,Dlocation)
);
COMMIT;
drop table PROJECT;
create table PROJECT
(
Pname varchar2(15),
Ponumber number primary key,
Plocation varchar2 (15),
Dnum number,
foreign key (Dnum) references Department(dnumber)
);
Commit;
drop table DEPENDENT;
create table DEPENDENT
(
Essn number,
Dependent_name varchar2(15),
Sex Char,
Bdate Date,
Relationship varchar2(15),
foreign key(Essn) references Employee(ssn) --
ON DELETE SET NULL,
constraint PK_essn
primary key(Essn,Dependent_name)
);
COMMIT;
drop table WORKS_ON;
create table WORKS_ON
(
Essn number,
Pno number,
Hours number,
foreign key(Essn) references Employee(ssn)--
ON DELETE SET NULL,
foreign key(Pno) references PROJECT(Ponumber)
ON DELETE SET NULL,
constraint PK_SSN
primary key(Essn, Pno)
);
commit;
----------------------------------------------------------------
-- keep these two commands at the top of every sql file
set echo on
set linesize 120
-- test queries, not to be submitted
select count(*) from employee;
select count(*) as DEPT_COUNT from department;
-- comment out the above queries for your homework
-- a the first name, last name of employees who work in department 5.
select fname, lname from employee where dno = 5;
-- b the first name, last name of every employee and name of his/her department
select E.fname as FIRST_NAME, E.lname LAST_NAME, D.dname DEPARTMENT_NAME
from employee E, department D
where E.dno = D.dnumber;
--c The first name, last name of employees who works at the 'Research' department
select e.fname , e.lname , Dname
from employee e inner join department d on e.dno=d.dname
where d.name ='Research';
--d. The first name, last name of employee who is the manager of the 'Research' department
select e.fname , e.lname , Dname
from employee e inner join department d on e.dno=d.dname
where d.name ='Research' and e.super_ssn=d.mgr_ssn;
--e. The first name, last name of employees who works on the 'Computerization' project.
select e.fname,e.lname
from employee e inner join department d on e.dno=d.dnumber inner join project p on d.dnumber=p.dnum
where p.pname="Computerization";

this happens because you are inserting values to table that depends on other table that is still empty, you should insert on that table first before this one
for example, suppose you have employee table, and department table, in which every employee must be assigned to a department, so when you input employee Bob to department IT, it would result in error, since there is no IT yet in department table. so you need to input IT on department table, then you can input Bob to employee table
or, you can disable integrity check when importing sql, but this setting is different for each DB engine, so I can't give you an example

PL/SQL insert record using max function

Create a PL/SQL block to insert a new record into the Department table. Fetch the maximum department id from the Department table and add 10 to it; take this value for department id; 'TESTING' is the value for department name and CHN-102 is the value for Location ID.
Note: Use '/' to terminate your query before compilation and evaluation
Table name : Department
Column name | Data type | Constraints
DEPARTMENT_ID | NUMBER(5) | PK
DEPARTMENT_NAME | VARCHAR2(25) | NOT NULL
LOCATION_ID | VARCHAR2(15)
Sample Output:
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME LOCATION_ID
------------- --------------- -----------
XXXX TESTING CHN-102

The way you described it, it would look like this:
SQL> declare
2 l_department_id department.department_id%type;
3 l_department_name department.department_name%type := 'TESTING';
4 l_location_id department.location_id%type := 'CHN-102';
5 begin
6 select nvl(max(department_id), 10)
7 into l_department_id
8 from department;
9
10 insert into department (department_id, department_name, location_id)
11 values (l_department_id + 10, l_department_name, l_location_id);
12 end;
13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * From department;
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME LOCATION_I
------------- -------------------- ----------
20 TESTING CHN-102
SQL>
Note, though, that MAX + 10 is a wrong approach. If two (or more) users run the same procedure at the same time, only the first one who commits changes will be able to do that; other user(s) will violate the primary key constraint because that department_id already exists (as it was inserted moments ago by someone else). Use a sequence instead.

Create a nested table and insert data only in the inner table

I have this table: employees(id, firstname, lastname, salary) and I added another column that will store all the past salaries of every employee.
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE salary_list AS TABLE OF NUMBER;
/
ALTER TABLE employees
ADD (salary_history salary_list)
NESTED TABLE salary_history STORE AS salary_history_tab;
Now, the table is employees(id, firstname, lastname, salary, salary_history) and salary_history is null. When I modify the salaray value, how do I insert the current salary value into the inner table salary_history? I have tried:
INSERT INTO
TABLE(SELECT salary_history FROM employees WHERE id=1)
VALUES(1500);
And I get the following error:
ORA-22908: reference to NULL table value
Yes, the nested table salary_history is null because I just created it. What am I doing wrong? What is the correct way to insert values(append to the existing data) into salary_history identifying the employee by id?
UPDATE:
added nvl(,()) like so:
INSERT INTO
TABLE(SELECT nvl(salary_history,salary_list()) FROM employees WHERE id=1)
VALUES(1000);
The error that I get now is:
ORA-25015: cannot perform DML on this nested table view column

You can use COALESCE( salary_history, salary_list() ) MULTISET UNION ALL salary_list( :your_new_value ) to append the new value to the old list (or create a new list if it does not exist).
Oracle 11g R2 Schema Setup:
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE salary_list AS TABLE OF NUMBER;
/
CREATE TABLE employees(
id NUMBER,
salary_history salary_list
) NESTED TABLE salary_history STORE AS salary_history_tab
/
INSERT INTO employees VALUES ( 1, NULL )
/
Query 1:
UPDATE employees
SET salary_history = COALESCE( salary_history, salary_list() )
MULTISET UNION ALL salary_list( 500 )
WHERE id = 1
SELECT * FROM employees
Results:
| ID | SALARY_HISTORY |
|----|----------------|
| 1 | 500 |
Query 2:
UPDATE employees
SET salary_history = COALESCE( salary_history, salary_list() )
MULTISET UNION ALL salary_list( 700 )
WHERE id = 1
SELECT * FROM employees
Results:
| ID | SALARY_HISTORY |
|----|----------------|
| 1 | 500,700 |
Query 3:
UPDATE employees
SET salary_history = COALESCE( salary_history, salary_list() )
MULTISET UNION ALL salary_list( 500 )
WHERE id = 1
SELECT * FROM employees
Results:
| ID | SALARY_HISTORY |
|----|----------------|
| 1 | 500,700,500 |

The column is currently null, rather than an empty table; you can create an empty nested table to start with:
UPDATE employees
SET salary_history = NEW salary_list()
WHERE id = 1;
1 row updated.
And your first statement will then work:
INSERT INTO
TABLE(SELECT salary_history FROM employees WHERE id=1)
VALUES(1500);
1 row inserted.
You can see the new value:
SELECT * FROM employees;
ID FIRSTNAME LASTNAME SALARY SALARY_HISTORY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
1 Joe BLoggs 1234 SALARY_LIST(1500)

Number data type column is not behaving as number

I have a table in oracle which has column recid which is of number Datar type. The table is partition table and it has partition index on it.
When I query the partition like
select * from table partition (abc)
I am able to see value for rec id =50. But when I query
select * from table partition(abc) where rec id =50,
It doesn’t give any record .
If I do type casting as
select * from table partition(abc) where cast (recid as number ) =50
I am getting records.
Please let me know what might be the issue .?
The issue exist only for one partition and rest of the partition working normal.

If it's not behaving as a number, then it's not stored as a number.
Run a DESCRIBE (DESC) on your table in either SQL Developer, SQLcl, or SQL*Plus. It will show how the REC_ID column is defined.
If it's stored as a VARCHAR2, you wil get an error on your WHERE CLAUSE predicate for REC_ID, if not every REC_ID could be treated as also a number:
ORA-01722: invalid number
Like so:
SQL> DESC employees
Name Null? Type
EMPLOYEE_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20)
LAST_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
EMAIL NOT NULL VARCHAR2(25)
PHONE_NUMBER VARCHAR2(20)
HIRE_DATE NOT NULL DATE
JOB_ID NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY NUMBER(8,2)
COMMISSION_PCT NUMBER(2,2)
MANAGER_ID NUMBER(6)
DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(4)
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name = 50;
Error starting at line : 4 in command -
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name = 50
Error report -
ORA-01722: invalid number
SQL> select * from emps_copy_num where first_name = 50;
EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL PHONE_NUMBER HIRE_DATE JOB_ID SALARY COMMISSION_PCT MANAGER_ID DEPARTMENT_ID
100 50 King SKING 515.123.4567 17-JUN-87 AD_PRES 24000 90
The first query fails - because not every value in that column can be simplicity cast as a number by the database.
The second query works, because I created a copy of the table where all of the first_name strings were values that COULD be cast as a number.

You probably have spaces in there somewhere, eg
SQL> create table t ( should_have_been_numeric varchar2(30));
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> insert into t values ('50 ');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into t values (' 50 ');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into t values (' 50');
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> select * from t where should_have_been_numeric = '50';
no rows selected
SQL> select * from t where cast(should_have_been_numeric as number) = 50;
SHOULD_HAVE_BEEN_NUMERIC
------------------------------
50
50
50
3 rows selected.
but as already mentioned, if you are treating strings as numbers, then there is problems ahead in terms of spurious errors, not to mention potential performance issues because the optimizer also doesn't know that these are really numbers.

How to update One table column values with another table's column values? [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
Update rows in one table with data from another table based on one column in each being equal
(5 answers)
Closed 9 years ago.
i have table called Student with columns uniquename, age,department,city,Homecountry and another table called Employee with columns uniquename, exp,qualification, Homecountry.
now i want to update Student table's department column with Employee table's qualification column values under the where condition Student.uniquename = Employee.uniquename and Student.Homecountry = Employee.Homecountry.
please help me to write the update statement.

This kind of query is called a correlated sub query. For your requirement, the query would be as below....
update students s
set s.department = (
select e.qualification
from employee e
where s.uniquename = e.uniquename
and s.Homecountry = e.Homecountry
);
updating this post based on your replies below.
Again, going forward, always post the create table and insert statements (and the expected results) to reproduce your case. If you don't see the expected results or if you see an erro when you execute the query, post the exact message instead of just saying "not working". Here is the results of my sqlplus session.
---create table and insert statements
create table student(
name varchar2(20),
age number,
department varchar2(3),
HomeCountry varchar2(10)
);
Table created.
create table employee5(
name varchar2(20),
exp number,
qualification varchar2(3),
homecountry varchar2(10)
);
Table created.
insert into student values ('Mohan',25,'EEE','India');
insert into student values ('Raja',27,'EEE','India');
insert into student values ('Ahamed',26,'ECE','UK');
insert into student values ('Gokul',25,'IT','USA');
commit;
insert into employee5 values ('Mohan',25,'ECE','India');
insert into employee5 values ('Raja',24,'IT','India');
insert into employee5 values ('Palani',26,'ECE','USA');
insert into employee5 values ('Sathesh',29,'CSE','CANADA');
insert into employee5 values ('Ahamed',28,'ECE','UK');
insert into employee5 values ('Gokul',29,'EEE','USA');
commit;
Before updating the data...
SQL> select * from student;
NAME AGE DEP HOMECOUNTR
-------------------- ---------- --- ----------
Mohan 25 EEE India
Raja 27 EEE India
Ahamed 26 ECE UK
Gokul 25 IT USA
SQL> select * from employee5;
NAME EXP QUA HOMECOUNTR
-------------------- ---------- --- ----------
Mohan 25 ECE India
Raja 24 IT India
Palani 26 ECE USA
Sathesh 29 CSE CANADA
Ahamed 28 ECE UK
Gokul 29 EEE USA
Update statement and results
1 update student s set s.age =
2 ( select e.exp
3 from employee5 e
4 where e.name = s.name
5 and e.homecountry = s.homecountry
6* )
SQL> /
4 rows updated.
SQL> select * from student;
NAME AGE DEP HOMECOUNTR
-------------------- ---------- --- ----------
Mohan 25 EEE India
Raja 24 EEE India
Ahamed 28 ECE UK
Gokul 29 IT USA
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

update student s
set s.age = (select e.exp
from employee5 e
where e.name = s.name
and e.homecountry = s.homecountry
and rownum < 2
)
where s.age in (select age from employee5)
It wont show the message subquery returns more than one record

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