I have 3 tables with schema like below
countries (rows: 250)
+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| code | varchar(255) | NO | UNI | | |country code
| phone_code | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| region | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| subregion | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| created_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
| updated_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
| deleted_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
states (rows: 4866)
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| country_code| varchar(255) | NO | MUL | | | this is country code
| state_code | varchar(255) | YES | | | |
| lat | varchar(255) | YES | | | |
| lon | varchar(255) | YES | | | |
| created_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
| updated_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
| deleted_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
cities (rows: 146068)
+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| lat | varchar(255) | YES | | | |
| lng | varchar(255) | YES | | | |
| population | varchar(255) | YES | | | |
| state_code | varchar(255) | NO | | | |state code not unique
| created_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
| updated_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
| deleted_at | timestamp | YES | | | |
+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
I am using quickadminpanel to generate these CRUD but the main issue is i imported these from a csv files
git link for csv and csvimport trait like https://pastebin.com/G9z8Rjf1
is there any way i can build relationship between these three tables using
country:code and state:country_code relationship and state:state_code and city:state_code
relationship because i cannot add states (rows: 4866) and cities (rows: 146068) manually
so how can i form relationship using models or any better way or any better trait for making relationship?
Just Change The Primary Keys of each table to code,state_code,city_code Respectively
NB:change multiple to unique the state_code in states table and city_code in cities table
And In your Models change The Relationship like
/* return $this->hasMany(Model::class, 'foreign_key', 'local_key');*
return $this->hasMany(State::class, 'country_code', 'code');
And
/// return $this->belongsTo(Model::class, 'foreign_key', 'owner_key');///
return $this->belongsTo(Country::class, 'code', 'country_code');
then You can access all data like normal..
I've checked google, but I haven't found a way to preserve data while changing a foreign key on a table.
I have two tables, User Events and User Sports
Table User Events
+--------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| date | date | YES | | NULL | |
| description | text | YES | | NULL | |
| user_id | int(10) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| sport_id | int(10) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| created_at | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
| updated_at | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
| deleted_at | timestamp | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+--------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
Table User Sports
+------------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(191) | NO | | NULL | |
| default_sport_id | int(10) unsigned | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| user_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| created_at | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
| updated_at | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
| deleted_at | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
+------------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
Before creating User Sports table, in table User Events I had foreign sport_id from Sports table.
Now, when I want to change that column to be foreign key from Sports to User Sports table I'm getting this message on php artisan migrate:
SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails
The migration works if I drop the column sport_id from User Events but I don't want data loss.
Here is my migration:
public function up()
{
Schema::table('user_events', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->dropForeign('event_sport_id');
});
Schema::table('user_events', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->foreign('sport_id')
->references('default_sport_id')
->on('user_sports')
->onDelete('set null');
});
}
Can someone point me in the right direction?
Thanks
You must pass an array not a string to the method dropForeign: $table->dropForeign(['event_sport_id']);
I have model Product, it has 2 types: Lamps and Bulbs. A lamp have set of attributes that differs from a bulb, so I have 2 another models Lamp and Bulb which represent set of attributes. What type of relation from Product to attribute model should I implement in this situation?
I've been trying one-to-one relation, but in my situation this second "one" differs from product's type.
I've been thinking of EAV pattern, but I don't want tons of joins in my architecture right now because I don't need more than these two types of item.
What would you suggest?
UPD1: here are the tables (simplified):
mysql> show columns from products;
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(127) | NO | | NULL | |
| price | double | NO | | NULL | |
| old_price | double | NO | | NULL | |
| category_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show columns from lamps;
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| product_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| width | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| height | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| length | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| weight | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show columns from bulbs;
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| product_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| voltage | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| power | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| base | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| type | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
UPD2: I understand that I can use two foreign keys in products table and set up only one of them for each record, but is there some more elegant scheme for this situation?
I'm working on a rather complex Users system that requires the ability to grant access privileges to either individuals or entire groups. For example, you could grant Jane Doe access to moderate the Message Board, or all users of the Communications Group to send emails, moderate the message board, and post events (all users assigned to the group are granted access to those privileges when added).
Rather than strictly track individual privileges for each user, I want to grant access to a feature first based on whether or not the user belongs to a group containing that privilege. If they don't, I then want to check to see if they are granted individual access (privilege_user pivot table).
Basically, I want something like this:
// 1 = Message Board Moderator
// See if any of the user's groups contain this privilege -
$hasAccess = Auth::user()->groups->privileges->contains(1);
Here is my table structure:
Users
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(80) | NO | | NULL | |
| email | varchar(120) | NO | | NULL | |
| first_name | varchar(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| last_name | varchar(45) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| password | varchar(140) | NO | | NULL | |
| active | tinyint(1) | NO | | NULL | |
| remember_token | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| last_login | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
| last_login_ip | varchar(45) | YES | | NULL | |
| updated_at | timestamp | NO | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |
| created_at | timestamp | NO | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |
| deleted_at | timestamp | YES | | NULL | |
+----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+----------------+
Groups (table: user_groups)
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | |
| slug | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | |
| description | text | NO | | NULL | |
| created_at | timestamp | NO | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |
| updated_at | timestamp | NO | | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------------------+----------------+
User Groups Pivot (table: user_user_group)
+---------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| user_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| user_group_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+---------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
Privileges (table: privleges)
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | |
| slug | varchar(255) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
Privileges User Group Pivot (table: privilege_user_group)
+---------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| privilege_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| user_group_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+---------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
Was disappointed that nobody chimed in here on SO but fortunately I was able to find some great help at Laracasts.com.
I went with Zizaco/entrust, which does exactly what I was describing. The only part lacking is answering the question "does this User have a Permission" without the user being assigned to a Group, but that is easy to accomplish with Eloquent. What entrust does do is answer the question "Does this User have access to this Permission through a Group?" And that's what I was after.
geneHomology
============
id genome_name gene_id homolog_genome_name homolog_gene_id consider_homolog
1 HomoSap 1007 MusMus 824 1
2 HomoSap 1007 MusMus 825 1
3 HomoSap 1007 MusMus 826 1
4 HomoSap 2890 EColi 2140 1
...
gene
====
genome_name gene_id gene_category
MusMus 823 Upregulated
MusMus 824 Downregulated
MusMus 825 Normal
MusMus 826 Normal
MusMus 827 Upregulated
EColi 2140 Normal
...
consider_homolog is an enum (0,1). genome_name and gene_id are primary keys in gene. geneHomology is very large - some 200M rows.
My goal is to count for each gene in genes how many homologs it has from each gene_category.
For example, following the data above, HomoSap 1007 has 3 Normal homologs and 1 Downregulated.
So my query is:
SELECT a.id,a.genome_name,a.gene_id,a.homolog_genome_name,a.homolog_gene_id,COUNT(b.gene_category)
FROM geneHomology a,gene b
WHERE a.consider_homolog='1' AND a.homolog_genome_name=b.genome_name AND a.homolog_gene_id=b.gene_id
GROUP BY a.genome_name,a.gene_id,b.gene_category;
It never returns (and I've been patiently waiting for more than an hour).
I already indexed gene_category in gene.
I'm really new to MySQL but I have root access to the DB so I could follow your suggestions (carefully...). I would be happy to provide any further information.
UPDATE
This is the EXPLAIN output for the query:
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | b | ALL | PRIMARY,gene_genome | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1560695 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 1 | SIMPLE | a | ref | geneHomologyHit_gene | geneHomologyHit_gene | 54 | my_db_v71.b.gene_id,my_db_v71.b.genome_name | 13 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------------------------------+
UPDATE 2
mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM gene;
+-------+------------+--------------------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+-------+------------+--------------------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| gene | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | gene_id | A | NULL | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| gene | 0 | PRIMARY | 2 | genome_name | A | 1560695 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| gene | 1 | gene_organism | 1 | taxon_id | A | 392 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| gene | 1 | gene_genome | 1 | genome_name | A | 853 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| gene | 1 | gene_gene_category | 1 | gene_category | A | 5 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
+-------+------------+--------------------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
UPDATE 3
mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM geneHomology;
+--------------+------------+------------------------+--------------+--------------------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+--------------+------------+------------------------+--------------+--------------------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| geneHomology | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 680326661 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| geneHomology | 1 | geneHomologyQuery_gene | 1 | gene_id | A | 1498516 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| geneHomology | 1 | geneHomologyQuery_gene | 2 | genome_name | A | 1505147 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| geneHomology | 1 | geneHomologyHit_gene | 1 | homolog_gene_id | A | 52332820 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
| geneHomology | 1 | geneHomologyHit_gene | 2 | homolog_genome_name | A | 52332820 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
+--------------+------------+------------------------+--------------+--------------------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
UPDATE 4
Is there a way to get only partial results to even see I'm getting what I want? I tried LIMIT 1000 and even LIMIT 10 but it doesn't seem to change anything.
UPDATE 5
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE geneHomology;
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| geneHomology | CREATE TABLE `geneHomology` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`genome_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`gene_id` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`homolog_genome_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`homolog_gene_id` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`homolog_length` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`significance` double unsigned NOT NULL,
`bit_score` double unsigned NOT NULL,
`percent_identity` double unsigned NOT NULL,
`start_match` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`end_match` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`start_match_percent` double unsigned NOT NULL,
`end_match_percent` double unsigned NOT NULL,
`strand` enum('+','-') default NULL,
`homolog_start_match` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`homolog_end_match` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`homolog_start_match_percent` double unsigned NOT NULL,
`homolog_end_match_percent` double unsigned NOT NULL,
`homolog_strand` enum('+','-') default NULL,
`consider_gene_homology` enum('0','1') NOT NULL,
`reason_not_considered` varchar(50) default NULL,
`num_hsps` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`homology_type` varchar(2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `geneHomologygene` (`gene_id`,`genome_name`),
KEY `geneHomologyhomolog_gene` (`homolog_gene_id`,`homolog_genome_name`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=680326662 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE gene;
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| gene | CREATE TABLE `gene` (
`taxon_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`genome_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`gene_id` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`symbol` varchar(30) default NULL,
`type` varchar(30) default NULL,
`product` varchar(300) default NULL,
`strand` enum('+','-') NOT NULL,
`start` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`end` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`gene_category` enum('Upregulated','Downregulated','Normal','n/a') NOT NULL,
`consider_gene` enum('0','1') NOT NULL,
`reason_not_considered` varchar(50) default NULL,
`sequence` longblob NOT NULL,
`additional_info` varchar(300) default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`gene_id`,`genome_name`),
KEY `gene_organism` (`taxon_id`),
KEY `gene_genome` (`genome_name`),
KEY `gene_gene_category` (`gene_category`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SELECT a.genome_name, a.gene_id,
cats.gene_category,
(
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM geneHomology ab
JOIN gene b
ON b.genome_name = ab.homolog_genome_name
AND b.gene_id = ab.homolog_gene_id
WHERE ab.genome_name = a.genome_name
AND ab.gene_id = a.gene_id
AND b.gene_category = cats.gene_category
) cx
FROM gene a
CROSS JOIN
(
SELECT 'Normal' AS gene_category
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Upregulated' AS gene_category
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Downregulated' AS gene_category
) cats
LIMIT 100
This will remove filesort from your plan.
If you have a table with all possible gene_categories, replace the cats with it.
From what you've posted here, I would reccomend a minor bit of denormalisation and put gene_category into geneHomolgy. You can then get rid of the join entirely and you can create an index on your consider_homolog + GROUP BY fields.
First remove the reference to genome_name from the WHERE part of the query - if both gene.gene_id and gene.genome_name are unique then here is a clear functional dependency here which is confusing the issue somewhat - the number/number join will be marginally mroe efficient that the text/text join.
Looking at the plan it rather implies you've already got an index on geneHomology.hit_gene_id . If this is the case then there's not much scope for making the query go faster without schema changes. However a key length of 54 suggests you've got a lot of stuff in that index which should not be there. Trimming this down to just hit_gene_id and consider_homolog will help a little with the performance, but the limiting factor is that there does not seem any way to avoid the full table scan on gene unless there are other functional dependencies in there.
How quickly does it take to complete a 'SELECT * FROM gene' ? How many records in ene_homology?
It looks like geneHomology decomposes a N:M relationship between gene and gene (itself) and applies labels.
If the number of values in homolog_genome_name is relatively small you might consider decomposing this into gene using bitmap field. Or possibly denormalise the relationship into a set of 1:1 mappings. Alternatively you could enumerate the homolog clusters.