Very simple question, but one I can't seem to find an answer to.
I have a variable calculated at the start of an Oracle SQL script (in TOAD, if that makes a difference), and I hoped to reuse it later in an UPDATE statement.
Variable is declared and then set here:
DECLARE
v_months number;
v_check number;
BEGIN
v_check := '1'
SELECT (total_due/monthly_amount) INTO v_months FROM TABLE1 WHERE ...
and will return a numeric value of, say, 20.
and I want to use that figure here:
IF(v_check = 1)
update TABLE2 set paid = 'YES' where sequence between v_months and 48;
This doesn't seem to be possible as the variable is flagged up as an invalid identifier, but is there a way round this?
DECLARE the variable at the start of the PL/SQL block and then just re-use it in the same PL/SQL block and it works:
DECLARE
v_months PLS_INTEGER;
BEGIN
SELECT (total_due/monthly_amount) INTO v_months FROM TABLE1;
update TABLE2 set paid = 'YES' where sequence between v_months and 48;
END;
/
If you are trying to re-use it between different PL/SQL blocks then it will not work using a PL/SQL variable.
db<>fiddle here
If you want to use a variable in multiple statements then you can use bind variables:
VARIABLE v_months NUMBER
BEGIN
SELECT (total_due/monthly_amount) INTO :v_months FROM TABLE1;
END;
/
update TABLE2 set paid = 'YES' where sequence between :v_months and 48;
Related
I need this piece of code in a stored procedure so I can pass an array of ids and update the related records. I am wondering whether I have to use the loop rather than use an IN clause in the sp.
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
P_IDS PKGINFO.t_ids; --type: table of NUMBER index by pls_integer;
P_RESULT NUMBER;
BEGIN
p_IDS(1) := 12345;
--this works fine:
for i in ( select * from table(p_ids))
loop
UPDATE TABLE1
SET FD1 = 'test'
WHERE P_ID = i.column_value;
end loop;
--this works fine too:
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO p_RESULT FROM TABLE1
WHERE P_ID IN (SELECT * FROM TABLE (p_ids));
--but this does not work, why????? how to make it work?
UPDATE TABLE1
SET FD1 = 'test'
WHERE P_ID IN (SELECT * FROM TABLE (p_ids));
END;
--==================PKGINFO.t_ids==================
CREATE OR REPLACE package dbname.PKGINFO as
-- package created to perform Associative array calls
type t_ids is table of NUMBER index by pls_integer;
end PKGINFO;
/
I expected the UPDATE can use IN clause, but it gives me an INVALID TYPE error.
Until fairly recently Oracle didn't allow PL/SQL types in SQL statements, including in a table collection expression. You seem to be using a version where support has been added for select but not (yet) for update. If you had one available then you could use a schema-level type. Also have a look at member of.
With the type you have now you could use FORALL, which would be more efficient than a loop with individual updates::
FORALL i IN p_ids.first..p_ids.last
UPDATE TABLE1
SET FD1 = 'test'
WHERE P_ID = p_ids(i);
I'm trying to write a procedure that inserts paid invoices from the paid_invoices table into the invoice_archive table. Only those paid invoices that are older than or equal to 31-05-2014 should be transferred.
Here's my procedure:
SQL> create or replace procedure paid_invoice_transfer as
cursor paid is
select *
from paid_invoices
where invoice_total = credit_total + payment_total
and payment_date <= '2014-05-31';
invoice_archive_text paid%rowtype;
begin
for invoice_archive_text in paid loop
dbms_output.put_line(invoice_archive_text.invoice_id);
insert into invoice_archive values invoice_archive_text;
end loop;
end;
/
I'm not sure what to execute at this point:
SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> execute paid_invoice_transfer(???);
Now that you know how to execute a procedure without an argument, I would also like to point out the problems with your procedure.
It's not required to define a record variable for looping through the cursor.
invoice_archive_text paid%rowtype
Pl/SQL automatically creates it when you use it in for loop. I will go a step further and ask you to avoid loops to run INSERT. Just use plain INSERT INTO target_table select * from source_table and explicitly specify column names to be safe.
If you want to display the ids that are being inserted through DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE, store it in a a collection and loop it separately just for display purpose( only if you think display is needed).
I also wanted to show you how to pass a date argument for execution so I will pass payment_date. In your procedure you are wrongly comparing it with a literal string rather than a date. It is bound to fail if NLS_DATE_ parameters don't match with the string.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE paid_invoice_transfer ( p_payment_date DATE ) AS
TYPE tab_inv IS TABLE OF paid_invoices.invoice_id%type;
t_tab tab_inv;
BEGIN
SELECT invoice_id BULK COLLECT INTO t_tab
FROM paid_invoices
WHERE invoice_total = credit_total + payment_total
AND payment_date <= p_payment_date;
FOR i IN t_tab.FIRST..t_tab.LAST LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(t_tab(i));
END LOOP;
INSERT INTO invoice_archive ( column1,column2,column3) select col1,col2,col3
FROM paid_invoices
WHERE invoice_total = credit_total + payment_total
AND payment_date <= p_payment_date;
END;
/
set serveroutput on
execute paid_invoice_transfer(DATE '2014-05-31' )
In the SQL Server, I can define local variables like this.
declare #id number := 1000
select * from tbl_A where id = #id;
select * from tbl_B where id = #id;
It is very convenient.
I tried to do same thing in PL/SQL but it doesn't work.
DECLARE id number;
select 1000 into id from dual;
Do you know how to do something similar? The simplest method is my objective.
If you want to define a local variable in PL/SQL, you need a complete PL/SQL block
DECLARE
id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT 1000
INTO id
FROM dual;
END;
or just
DECLARE
id NUMBER := 1000;
BEGIN
<<do something that uses the local variable>>
END;
If you want to declare a variable in SQL*Plus
SQL> variable id number
SQL> begin
select 1000 into :id from dual;
end;
/
SQL> print id
ID
----------
1000
SQL> SELECT * FROM tbl_a WHERE id = :id
An alternative to DECLARE Block is to use a WITH Clause:
WITH my_params AS (
SELECT 123 AS min_id FROM DUAL
)
SELECT *
FROM some_table
WHERE id > (SELECT min_id FROM my_params)
It is more portable as many vendors support the WITH clause and you can change seamless from parameter to dynamic value. For example:
WITH my_params AS (
SELECT min(id) AS min_id FROM some_id_table
)
SELECT *
FROM some_table
WHERE id > (SELECT min_id FROM my_params)
Solution for Oracle SQL
DEF x = foo
SELECT '&x' FROM dual;
The result will be : foo
NB: The variable will keep the value even after execution. To clear variable run UNDEFINE x.
General syntax to declare variable in PL/SQL is
var_nm datatype [NOT NULL := var_value ];
var_nn is the name of the variable.
datatype is a valid PL/SQL datatype.
NOT NULL is an optional specification on the variable which this variable cannot be assigned null value.
var_value or DEFAULT value is also an optional specification, where you can initialize a variable with some specific value.
Each variable declaration is a separate statement and must be terminated by a semicolon.
We can assign value to variables in one of the following two ways -
direct assignment (Eg. var_nm:= var_value;)
Using select from (Eg. SELECT col_nm INTO var_nm FROM tbl_nm [WHERE clause];)
In you case as Justin Cave has already mentioned it can be
DECLARE
id number;
BEGIN
SELECT 1000 into id from dual;
dbms_output.put_line('id : '|| id );
END;
/
OR
DECLARE
id number := 1000;
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('id : '|| id );
END;
/
NOTE: '/' i.e Back slash after END keyword indicates to execute the above PL/SQL Block.
(Just stumbled across this thread.) Beginning with SQL*Plus 12.2, you can declare and assign a value at the same time:
SQL> var id number = 1000
SQL> select * from tbl_A where id = :id;
Oracle calls it input binding.
If you must do it in PL/SQL, the answer was given by others.
I have a function that looks like this.
Function GetNewBatch ( CourseName Varchar2 ) Return RefCursor
As
Results RefCursor;
CourseId Number;
Begin
CourseId := Courselist.GetId( CourseName );
Open Results For
Select q.user_abn UserAbn,
q.completed_t DateCompleted,
CourseName,
q.batch_n BatchId
From GAK.GAKHR02_ACK q
Where q.crse_i = CourseId
And q.batch_n is null
And rownum < 1000;
GAK.SEQ1_GAKHR03.NextVal;
Return Results;
End;
I want to increment the sequence after the select, but SQL Developer is giving me the error:
"Error(194,5): PLS-00313: 'NEXTVAL' not declared in this scope."
How can I do this?
It's because you're not assigning the nextval to a variable. Assume that .nextval is a function of some description. It's not, Oracle actually describe it as a psuedocolumn; something used in the same context as a column but not written to the disk.
How you increment a sequence depends on the version of Oracle you're using. Prior to 11G you could do the following in a PL/SQL block:
declare
i number;
begin
select my_sequence.nextval
into i
from dual;
insert into my_table(id)
values(my_sequence.nextval);
update my_table
set id = my_sequence.nextval;
end;
In 11G this changed slightly so you could also assign the "return" value from .nextval to a variable:
declare
l_next_val number;
begin
l_next_val := my_sequence.nextval;
end;
The reason for PLS-00313 is that Oracle is assuming that SEQ1_GAKHR03 is a package or some other object and .nextval is a sub-type of this object.
It's very unusual to increment a sequence without actually using the value. Is this intended behaviour?
I can't seem to get variables to work in an Oracle PL/SQL where clause. I come from a Microsoft SQL Server background and there it was easy. For example, what would be all steps needed to do something similar to the following?
declare #var int set #var = 1
select * from SomeTable where SomeField = #var
This doesn't seem like it should be hard in PL/SQL, but evidently it is. :-/ I hear I need to use cursors and the like in PL/SQL?
Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.
What do you want to do with the data that the SELECT returns? If you just want to see it you don't need PL/SQL at all, just do this in SQL Plus:
variable var number
exec :var := 1
select * from SomeTable where SomeField = :var;
Or in a tool like SQL Developer or Toad, just do this:
select * from SomeTable where SomeField = :var;
and it will prompt you to enter the value for :var.
The following code declares a variable var to use in the WHERE clause, and a variable result to put the result in then executes it inside a PL/SQL block.
DECLARE
var INT := 1;
result INT;
BEGIN
SELECT 123
INTO result
FROM DUAL
WHERE var = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (var);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (result);
END;
The DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE calls make it produce this DBMS output:
1
123
declare
type t_rec is record
(
col1 number,
col2 myTable.col2%type
);
v_rec t_rec;
type t_tab is table of v_rec%type index by binary_integer;
v_tab t_tab;
begin
select col1, col2
bulk collect into v_tab
from myTable
where col3 = 'BLAH';
-- do something great with v_tab...
end;
Also know that if you try to select into (or bulk collect into) a variable and no rows are returned, you'll get a no_data_found exception, so you may want to handle that situation.
See more here on pl/sql collections. Above uses an associative array, but there are nested tables and varrays as well. Again, see the link.
Hope that helps.
I use it like this
select * from sec_mainmenu where serno = '&MENU_ID';
When you run it, pl/sql will prompt for MENU_ID value.