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change date format from DD/MM/YYYY to YYYY-MM-DD with sed
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I have files with dates and times formatted as such and about 6 million lines of them
20211231233710;20211231233713;SomeHEXID;SomeIDNumber;Whatever;0;SomethingElse
How can I make it so that the dates are formatted in this way?
2021-12-05 18:05:03;2021-12-05 18:05:04;SomeHEXID;SomeIDNumber;Whatever;0;SomethingElse
Each line starts in this way.
I have tried something like
sed -e 's/\(....\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\);\(.*\)/\1-\2-\3 \4:\5:\6;\7/' -e 's/\(.*\);\(....\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)/\1;\2-\3-\4 \5:\6:\7/'
and
sed -E 's/(....)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(;?)/\1-\2-\3 \4:\5:\6\7/g'
but both of these methods change the text past the first 2 fields.
TIA
There are multiple ways to approach the problem with sed, but all of the best ones will involve using s commands with capturing groups in the pattern and back references in the replacement. However, any solution based on that tool will need to work around the problem that there are too many separate fields (12) in each line of data to associate all of them with separate back references in a single s command. One fairly simple way to accommodate that would be to split it across two s commands, one for the first date code and one for the second. For example:
sed -e 's/\(....\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\);\(.*\)/\1-\2-\3 \4:\5:\6;\7/' \
-e 's/\(.*\);\(....\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)/\1;\2-\3-\4 \5:\6:\7/' \
< input > output
The first sed expression matches matches each of the first 14 characters with its own . wildcard, capturing them in separate groups as specified by the escaped parentheses \( ... \), and captures all of the second date code with one additional capturing group matching the tail of the line. It then replaces everything matched (that is, the whole line) with an intermediate form in which the first date code is formatted but the second is not, something like so:
2021-12-05 18:05:03;20211205180504
In the replacement part of that s command, the \1 represents the data captured by the first group, the \2 represents that captured by the second group, etc..
The second sed expression is similar, but it handles the second time code, producing the wanted overall formatting as the end result.
Related
I want to put serialized numbers on defined positions in a text file.
My idea is to use character patterns in the file, count up a variable and put them by using sed in the file. I tried this:
for number in 1 2 3 4 ; do
sed -ibak "s/var/$number" file.txt > file2.txt
done
(the arguments 1 2 3 ... are not the best solution, but I think, it should work)
With this code and tiny variations of it, I get different results, but no success.
I can cut/paste the pattern in the text, but it is always the last argument inserted (="3"). Why doesn´t sed take the iterated variable? (which is counted up, I tested it with echo).
The first iteration replaces var by 1, the next iteration replaces exactly the same var by 2, etc. - because you operate on the same input every time, and the pattern isn't dynamic.
It's not clear what you want to achieve, so it's hard to provide a working solution.
It might be easier to reach for Perl:
perl -pe 's/picvar/"pic" . ++$i/e'
Due to poor past naming practices, I'm left with a list of names that is proving to be a challenge to work with. The bottom line is that I want the most current name (by date) to be placed in a variable. All the names are listed (unsorted) in a file called bar.txt.
In this case I can't rename, and there's no way to get the actual dates of the images; these names are all I have to go on. The names can follow one of several patterns;
foo
YYYYMMDD-foo
YYYYMMDD##-foo
foo can be anything from a single character to a long string of letters/numbers/symbols. I am interested only in the names matching the second use case, YYMMDD-foo, as those are from after we started tagging consistently.
I would like to end up with a variable containing the most recent date that follows the pattern YYMMDD-foo.
I know sort -k1 -n < bar.txt, but then I'm not sure how to isolate the second pattern's results to extract what I need.
How do I sort the file to ignore anything but the second pattern, and return the most current date?
Sample
Given that bar.txt looks like this;
test
2017120901-develop-BUILD-31
20170326-TEST-1.2.0
20170406-BUILD-40-1.2.0-test
2010818_001
I would want to extract 20170406-BUILD-40-1.2.0-test
Since your requirement involves 1) to get only files of a certain format 2) apply sorting and get only the latest file. Am using a Awk & GNU sort together to achieve it
awk -F'-' 'length($1) == 8' file | sort -nrk1 | head -1
20170406-BUILD-40-1.2.0-test
The solution works by only getting those lines in the file whose first column has 8 characters exactly corresponding to YYYYMMDD alignment. Once those filtered, sort applied on first field and the first line is obtained using head.
but I have a question about a small piece of code using the awk command. I have not found an answer/solution anywhere.
I am trying to parse an output file and extract all data between the 1st expression (including) ATOMIC and 2nd expression (excluding) Bond. This data is to be sent to a new file $1_geom. So far I have the following:
`awk '/ATOMIC/{flag=1;next}/Bond lengths in Bohr/{flag=0}flag' $1` >> $1_geom
This script will extract the correct data for me, but there are 2 problems:
The line ATOMICis not extracted with the data
The data is extracted and appended to a single line. I want the data to retain the formatting from the parsed file (5 columns, variable amount of lines). Please see attachment to see a visual. Visual Example Attachment. Is there a different way to append data (other than >>) so that I can keep formatting?
Any help is appreciated, thank you.
The next is causing the first match to be skipped; take it out if you don't want that.
The backticks by themselves are a shell syntax error (unless your Awk script happens to produce valid shell commands). I'm guessing you have a useless echo or something like that in your actual script which disarms the error, but instead produces the symptoms you describe.
This was part of a code in a csh script and I did have an "echo" in front of this line. Removing the "echo" makes it work perfectly and addresses the 2 questions that I had.
I need help understanding a weird problem with sed, bash and a while loop.
MY data looks like this:
-File 1- CSV
account,hostnames,status,ipaddress,port,user,pass
-File 2- XML - This is a sample record set for two entries under one account
<accountname="account">
<cname="fqdn or simple name goes here">
<field="hostname">ahostname or ipv4 goes here</field>
<protocol>aprotocol</protocol>
<field="port">aportnumber</field>
<field="username">ausername</field>
<field="password">apassword</field>
</cname>
<cname="fqdn or simple name goes here">
<field="hostname">ahostname or ipv4 goes here</field>
<protocol>aprotocol</protocol>
<field="port">aportnumber</field>
<field="username">ausername</field>
<field="password">apassword</field>
</cname>
</accountname>
So far, I can add records in between the respective account holder from File1 to File2. But, if I need to remove records that no longer exists it does not work efficiently since it wipes other records from different accounts, ie it does not delete between a matched accountname.
I import from File 1 into File 2 with a while loop in my bash program:
-Bash Program excerpts-
//Read File in to F//
cat File 2 | while read F
do
//extract fields from F into variables
_vmname="$(echo $F |grep 'cname'| sed 's/<cname="//g' |sed 's/.\{2\}$//g')"
_account="$(echo $F | grep 'accountname' | sed 's/accountname="//g' |sed 's/.\{2\}$//g')"
// I then compare my File1 and look for stale records that are still in File2
if grep "$_vmname" File1 ;then
continue
else
// if not matched, delete between the respective accountname
sed -i '/'"$_account"'/,/<\/accountname>/ {/'"$_vmname"'/,/<\/cname>/d}' File2
If I manually declare _vmname and _account and run
sed -i '/'"$_account"'/,/<\/accountname>/ {/'"$_vmname"'/,/<\/cname>/d}' File2
It removes the stale records from File2. When I let my bash script run, it does not.
I think I have three problems:
Reading the variables for _vmname and _account name inside a loop makes it read numerous times. Any better way to do is appreciated.
I do not think the sed statement for matching these two patterns and then delete works like I want inside a while loop.
I may have a logic problem with my thought chain.
Any pointers, and please no awk, perl, lxml or python for this one.
Thanks!
and please no awk
I appreciate that you want to keep things simple, and I suppose awk seems more complicated than what you're doing. But I'd like to point out you have so far 3 grep and 4 sed invocations per line in the file, to process another file N times, once per line. That's O(mn) using the slowest method on the planet to read the file (a while loop). And it doesn't work.
I may have a logic problem with my thought chain.
I'm afraid we must allow for that possibility!
The right advice is to tackle XML with an XML parser, because XML is not a regular language and so can't be parsed with regular expressions. And that's really what you need here, because your program processes the whole XML document. You're not just plucking out bits and depending on incidental formatting artifacts; you want to add records that aren't there and remove those that "no longer exist". Apparently there is information in the XML document you need to preserve, else you would just produce it from the CSV. A parser would spoon-feed it to you.
The second-best advice is to use awk. I suppose you might try an approach like:
Process the CSV and produce the XML to be inserted.
In awk, first read the new input XML into an array keyed by cname, Then process the XML target once. For every CNAME, consult your array; if you find a match, insert your pre-constructed XML replacement (or modify the "paragraph" accordingly).
I'm not sure what the delete criteria are, so I don't know if it can be done in the same pass with step #2. If not, extract the salient information somehow. Maybe print a list of keys from each of the two files, and use comm(1) to produce a list of to-be-deleted. Then, similar to step #2, read in that list, and process the XML file one more time. Write anything you delete to stderr so you can keep track of what went missing, from what lines.
Any pointers
Whenever you find yourself processing the same file N times for N inputs, you know you're headed for trouble. One of the two inputs is always smaller, and that one can be put in some kind of array. cat file | while read is another warning signal, telling you use awk or any of a dozen obvious utilities that understand lines of text.
You posted your question on SO two weeks ago. I suspect no one answered it because you warned them away: preemptively saying, in effect, don't tell me to use good tools. I'm only here to suggest that you'll be more comfortable after you take off that straightjacket. Better tools, in this case, are the only right answer.
I am trying to write a bash script that uses sed to modify lines in a config file not containing a specific string. To illustrate by example, I could have ...
/some/file/path1 ipAddress1/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
/some/file/path2 ipAddress1/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=-1)
/some/file/path3 ipAddress2/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=0)
/some/file/path4 ipAddress2/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anongid=-1)
/some/file/path5 ipAddress2/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1)
And I want every line's parenthetical list to be changed such that it contains strings anonuid=-1 and anongid=-1 within its parentheses ...
/some/file/path1 ipAddress1/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1)
/some/file/path2 ipAddress1/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1)
/some/file/path3 ipAddress2/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1)
/some/file/path4 ipAddress2/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anongid=-1,anonuid=-1)
/some/file/path5 ipAddress2/subnetMask(rw,sync,no_root_squash,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1)
As can be seen from the example, both anonuid and anongid may already exist within the parentheses, but it is possible that the original parenthetical list has one string but not the other (lines 2, 3, and 4), the list has neither (line 1), the list has both already set properly (line 5), or even one or both of them are set incorrectly (line 3). When either anonuid or anongid is set to a value other than -1, it must be changed to the proper value of -1 (line 3).
What would be the best way to edit my config file using sed such that anonuid=-1 and anongid=-1 is contained in each line's parenthetical list, separated by a comma delimiter of course?
I think this does what you want:
sed -e '/anonuid/{s/anonuid=[-0-9]*/anonuid=-1/;b gid;};s/)$/,anonuid=-1)/;:gid;/anongid/{s/anongid=[-0-9]*/anongid=-1/;b;};s/)$/,anongid=-1)/'
Basically, it has two nearly identical parts with the first dealing with anonuid and the second anongid, each with a bit of logic to decide if it needs to replace or add the appropriate values. (It doesn't bother to check if the value is already correct, that would just complicate things while not changing the results.)
You can use sed to specify the lines you are interested in:
$ sed '/anonuid=..*,anongid=..*)$/!p' $file
The above will print (p) all lines that don't match the regular expression between the two slashes. I negated the expression by using the !. This way, you're not matching lines with both anaonuid and anongid in them.
Now, you can work on the non-matching lines and editing those with the sed s command:
$ sed '/anonuid=..*,anongid=..*)$/!s/from/to/`
The manipulation might be fairly complex, and you might be passing multiple sed commands to get everything just right.
However, if the string no_root_squash appear in each line you want to change, why not take the simple way out:
$ sed 's/no_root_squash.*$/no_root_squash,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1)/' $file
This is looking for that no_root_squash string, and replacing everything from that string to the end of the line with the text you want. Are there lines you are touching that don't need to be edited? Yes, but you're not really changing those lines. You're basically substituting /no_root_squash,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1) with the same /no_root_squash,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1).
This may be faster even though it's replacing text that doesn't need replacing because there's less processing going on. Plus, it's easier to understand and support in the future.
Response
Thanks David! Yeah I was considering going that route, but I didn't want to rely 100% on every line containing no_root_squash. My current config file only ends in that string, but I'm just not 100% sure that won't potentially be different in the field. Do you think there would be a way to change that so it just overwrites from the end of the last string not containing anonuid=-1 or anongid=-1 onward?
What can you guarantee will be in each line?
You might be able to do a capture group:
sed 's/\(sync,[^,)]*\).*/\1,anonuid=-1,anongid=-1)/' $file
The \(..\) is a capture group. It basically captures that portion of the matching regular expression, and then allows you to reuse it via the \1. I'm capturing from the word sync to a group of characters not including a comma or a closing parentheses. Then, I'm appending the capture group, a comma, and your anon uid and gid.
Will that work?
Maybe I am oversimplifying:
sed 's/anonuid=[-0-9]*[^)]//g;s/anongid=[-0-9]*[^)]//g;s/[)]/anonuid=-1,anongid=-1)/g' test.txt > test3.txt
This just drops any current instance of anonuid or anongid and adds the string
"anonuid=-1,anongid=-1" into the parentheses