So I was just playing around and created this simple Shell script:
TestScript.sh
#!/bin/bash
read -p "read or write? " INP
if [[ "${INP}" == "write" ]]
then
read -p "Write your text: " TEXT
touch /usr/share/textfile.txt
echo "${TEXT}" >> /usr/share/textfile.txt
else
cat /usr/share/textfile.txt
fi
which of course can easily read and write into a file under /usr after gaining sudo priviliges:
sudo sh TestScript.sh
Based on this file I create a test PKGBUILD to install TestScript.sh via pacman later on:
PKGBUILD
# Maintainer: Your Name <youremail#domain.com>
pkgname='test-script'
pkgver=1
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="AUR test package"
arch=('x86_64')
license=('custom')
source=('TestScript.sh')
md5sums=('SKIP')
package() {
mkdir -p "${pkgdir}/usr/bin"
cp "${srcdir}/TestScript.sh" "${pkgdir}/usr/bin/TestScript"
chmod +x "${pkgdir}/usr/bin/TestScript"
}
Followed by
makepkg
sudo pacman -U test-script-1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
I can run
TestScript
from the command line. But just as I thought, I am unable to write into /usr/share/textfile.txt .
I was searching the Arch-Wiki page up and down, but I couldn't find out how to handle this situation. I basically just want to have a location where I can properly read and write a file without messing up the user space.
Does anyone have an idea?
Related
so im trying to create a bash script that runs on MAC command line to a remote server and uses some mv commands to move some files around but i also need it to open up a file and add a line to the top of the file and save it in the middle of the script heres what i have so far:
(this is adjusting permissions so i can edit the file)
chef-client -r xxxxxxredactedxxxxxxredacted
cd /xxx/postgresql/xx/main/
Sudo chmod -R 775 filenamehere
sudo chown -R postgres:postgres filenamehere
read -p 'Enter the IP: ' ip
echo "Enter the file name :"
read -r filename
echo "Type this below: host all all "$ip"/24 trust : "
read -r line
cd /etc/postgresql/12/main/
printf '1i\n%s\n.\nwq\n' "$line" | ed "$filename". <-- **this is the problem line**
^ this command gives me permission denied because of access, for some reason i can edit it with vim but not this command
its worth noting these commands arent ran through my pc so my ability to move files is somewhat limited, its ran through SSM ing into an IP of a test enviroment through my command line
Normally I manually VIM into the file and add a line to the top
Don't know if you're using echo to output the prompts because you didn't know about the -p read option or you wanted the new lines.
You could use command grouping to add a line at the top of your file.
read -p "Have you copied a file to the data shipper? (yes/no)"
if [ "$REPLY" == "yes" ]; then
read -p "Enter a variable: " VARIABLE
read -p "Enter a file name: " FILE
cd /var/xxxredacted////
cd /tmp/
sudo mv "$FILE" /varxxxredactedxxxxxxxx/drop
cd /var/redactedxxxxredactedxx/drop
sudo unzip "$FILE"
fi
read -p "Enter the file name:\n" FILENAME
read -p "Enter the line to be added:\n" LINE
{ echo $LINE; cat "$FILENAME"; } > "${FILENAME}.new"
mv "$FILENAME"{.new,}
sed could be used too, if the line had to go to a specific line :
# If \n is omnited, $LINE will just be inserted on
# line 1 instead of appending a new line
sed -i "${LINENB}s/$LINE\n/" $FILENAME
I have set up a http server at localhost, with several sites. I would like to connect to each site root folder, at the same way I used to at a remote server via ssh. So, I tried to create a bash script, intended to log as user "http", giving the site root folder as argument and change the $HOME to the site root folder:
#!/bin/bash
echo "Connecting to $1 as http...";
read -p "Contraseña: " -s pass;
su - http << EOSU >/dev/null 2>&1
$pass
export HOME="/srv/http/$1";
echo $HOME;
source .bash_profile;
exec $SHELL;
EOFSU
It does not work, basically because of:
echo $HOME keeps giving out the home folder of the user launching the script.
when the script reaches the end, it ends (obvious), but I would like that it stays open, so I could have a terminal session for user "http" and go on typing commands.
In other words, I am looking for a script that saves me 3 commands:
# su - http
# cd <site_root_folder>
# export HOME=<site_root_folder>
Edit:
Someone suggested the following:
#!/bin/bash
init_commands=(
"export HOME=/srv/http/$(printf '%q' "$1")"
'cd $HOME'
'. .bash_profile'
)
su http -- --init-file <(printf '%s\n' "${init_commands[#]}")
I am sorry but their post is gone... In any case, this give me out bash: /dev/fd/63: permission denied. I am not so skillful to understand the commands above and try to sort it out. Can someone help me?
Thanks.
Possible solution:
I have been playing around, based on what was posted and some googling, and finally I got it :-)
trap 'rm -f "$TMP"' EXIT
TMP=$(mktemp) || exit 1
chmod a+r $TMP
cat >$TMP <<EOF
export HOME=/srv/http/$(printf '%q' "$1")
cd \$HOME
. .bash_profile
EOF
su http -- --init-file $TMP
I admit it is not a nice code, because of:
the temporary file is created by the user executing the script and later I have to chmod a+r so user "http" can access... not so good.
I am sure this can be done on the fly, without creating a tmp file.
If some can improve it, it will be welcome; although in any case, it works!
Your main problem is that the $HOME is evaluated as when the user run the script, meaning that it will get his evaluation of $HOME instead of evaluating it as the given user.
You can evaluate the $HOME as the given user (using the eval command) but I wont recommend it, it is generally bad practice to use this kind of evaluation, especially when talking about security.
I can recommend you to get the specific user home directory with standard linux tools like passwd
Example of the behavior you are seeing:
# expected output is /home/eliott
$ sudo -u eliott echo $HOME
/root
Working it around with passwd:
$ sudo -u eliott echo $(getent passwd eliott | cut -d: -f6)
/home/eliott
Is it possible to start the mc-wrapper with sudo and still use the last selected directory on the console when quitting sudo mc (requirement number 4)? My default alias looks like this.
alias mc='EDITOR="${EDITOR-mcedit}" . /usr/lib/mc/mc-wrapper.sh'
Some errors (for the Googlers)
sudo: mc: command not found
sudo: .: command not found # "." == "source"
My requirements
Ubuntu 18.04.1.
The alias should work with and without sudo call.
If possible, a single alias for mc in /etc/bash.bashrc for all users.
The directory you changed to with sudo mc should be "preserved" after closing the Midnight Commander. This means that you will not be in the same directory as you started sudo mc (provided it is not the same directory).
Optional requirements
See if the alias was started with super powers.
See if the alias was started with sudo.
If the alias mc was started without super powers or sudo, ask if the program mc should still be started with sudo rights.
If the question is answered No, use my default alias.
In all other cases, the first four requirements should be met.
The editor (e.g. mcedit or vi) within mc should be selectable via another alias like mcvi (for vi) without code duplication.
Arguments should be passed on to the program, like sudo mc /opt/ /mnt/
Here's one hacky solution (tested, but the last two optional requirements are still missing).
/etc/bash.bashrc
alias sudo='sudo ' # fixes "sudo: mc: command not found" (breaks with an argument: sudo -H ll)
# sudo apt update && sudo apt install dialog mc pwgen
#
# Start the alias with a "real" command (instead of a shell keyword like "if") so that sudo is not confused.
# This first command (env) will eat sudo and all arguments! Even the following file redirection including the angle bracket is already executed without sudo.
alias mc='env > "/tmp/mc.env.$(whoami).$$"
MC_USER="$(whoami)"
MC_ENV_FILE="/tmp/mc.env.${MC_USER}.$$"
# cat "${MC_ENV_FILE}"
if [ "$(cat "${MC_ENV_FILE}" | grep "$(id -nu 0)" | wc -l)" -gt "3" ]; then
# echo "This alias was called with super powers."
MC_ROOT="root"
fi
if [ "$(cat "${MC_ENV_FILE}" | grep "^SUDO_" | wc -l)" -gt "3" ]; then
# echo "This alias was called with sudo (possibly sudo -i or sudo -s was entered before)."
MC_SUDO="sudo"
fi
if [ "${MC_ROOT}" == "root" ] || [ "${MC_SUDO}" == "sudo" ]; then
MC_DIALOG="0"
else
# echo "This alias was called as normal user."
dialog --cr-wrap --defaultno --title "sudo mc" --yesno "Do you want super powers (sudo/root)?\n\n(Alternatively you can use \"sudo mc\" directly next time.)\n\nAgain: Do you want super powers (sudo/root)?" 9 64
MC_DIALOG="$?"
tput reset
fi
if [ "${MC_DIALOG}" != "0" ]; then
# echo "No, do not use sudo and stay normal user."
# echo "Standard wrapper (without arguments)..."
EDITOR="${EDITOR-mcedit}" . /usr/lib/mc/mc-wrapper.sh # does not work with sudo because "." is not a program like "ls" or "grep"!
else
# echo "Yes, exec those decisive commands with super powers."
# echo "Custom wrapper (also without arguments)..."
MC_PWD_FILE_DIRNAME="${TMPDIR-/tmp}/mc-${MC_USER}/"
MC_PWD_FILE="${MC_PWD_FILE_DIRNAME}mc.pwd.$$.$(pwgen 13 1)"
sudo mkdir -p "$MC_PWD_FILE_DIRNAME"
sudo chown "$(sudo whoami)":"$(sudo whoami)" "$MC_PWD_FILE_DIRNAME"
sudo chmod 0700 "$MC_PWD_FILE_DIRNAME"
sudo EDITOR="${EDITOR-mcedit}" /usr/bin/mc -P "$MC_PWD_FILE"
sudo chown -R "$MC_USER":"$MC_USER" "$MC_PWD_FILE_DIRNAME"
if test -r "$MC_PWD_FILE"; then
MC_PWD=$(cat "$MC_PWD_FILE")
if test -n "$MC_PWD" && test -d "$MC_PWD"; then
cd "$MC_PWD"
fi
unset MC_PWD
fi
rm -f "$MC_PWD_FILE"
unset MC_PWD_FILE
unset MC_PWD_FILE_DIRNAME
fi
unset MC_DIALOG
unset MC_SUDO
unset MC_ROOT
rm -f "${MC_ENV_FILE}"
unset MC_ENV_FILE
unset MC_USER
# This terminating line break is required:
'
I didn't manage to use a function mcwrapper (and $(declare -f mcwrapper)) and I don't think it's that easy either!?
I have a script called autoinstall:
#!/usr/bin/sh
echo "Installasi membutuhkan free space minimal 2MB, pastikan ada punya cukup space di router anda"
read -p "Anda yakin ingin melanjutkan installasi?(y/n) " -n 1 -r
echo ""
if [[ $REPLY = ^[Yy]$ ]]
then
cd /
cd /tmp/
tar -xvf OpenWrt_Angel_Beats_Edition_v1.3.3.tar -C /
chmod -R 744 /root/crt
chmod 744 /www/wget/wget_download.sh
chmod 744 /usr/bin/gsm
chmod 744 /usr/bin/profile
opkg update && opkg install elinks
cp /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.backup
cat > /etc/rc.local << END
#!bin/sh
# /etc/rc.local: Local system initialization script.
#
# Put any local startup commands in here. Also, if you have
# anything that needs to be run at shutdown time you can
# make an /etc/rc.d/rc.local_shutdown script and put those
# commands in there.
sh /www/wget/wget_download.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 &
exit 0
END
killall sh /www/wget/wget_download.sh
sh /www/wget/wget_download.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 &
echo "File backup /etc/rc.local.backup telah dibuat, gunakan file ini untuk mengembalikan konfigurasi rc.local anda yang dulu jika diperlukan"
echo "Installasi selesai. Jangan lupa di akun openvpn yang digunakan (/root/crt/xxx.ovpn) tambahkan baris ini:
script-security 2
up client-connect.sh"
else
echo ""
echo "Installasi dibatalkan"
fi
Every command that I put in the first line always gets the error above (line 1:xxx not found) and I'm sure I've typed in the correct command, even echo gives the error like that, how do I solve this?
There can be two problems here:
The file doesn't exist. Usually, for sh, the path is /bin/sh, so it should be #!/bin/sh
You're editing the file on Windows. Windows uses CR+LF as line ending. Unix (and Linux) uses just LF. So for Linux, the command reads "execute /bin/sh<CR> and sh<CR> doesn't exist.
Solution: When editing the file, make sure you use Unix line endings.
The file might have been edited with an editor that insert a Unicode BOM (Byte Order Mark).
Have a look to the first line contents with:
od -c autoinstall | head -1
or
hd -n 16 autoinstall
If you see unexpected characters before #!/usr/bin/sh, you might try one of the methods described here Using awk to remove the Byte-order mark to remove the BOM.
I have bash command that contains a variable to a file which updates the firmware for a specific hardware and give it a serial number.
#!/bin/bash
fpath=$(dirname "$0")
ee_image=mlr-2000119.bin
sudo nvram tbt-options=4
sudo /usr/sbin/bless -mount / -firmware "$fpath/ThorUtilDevice.efi" -payload "$fpath/$ee_image" -options "-o -ej 1 -blast efi-apple-payload0-data"
sudo reboot now
I would like to create a file through automator or applescript that will create this same file but will automatically increase the ee_image bin file name by one. So that the end user doesn't always have to open the command file in text edit, make the change manually then save then execute the file..
Any help with this would be a God send.
The last line in your script sudo reboot now would make any sort of loop meaningless.
However, if you insist, use may a loop:
#!/bin/bash
fpath=$(dirname "$0")
for i in {2000119..3000119}; do
ee_image=mlr-${i}.bin
sudo nvram tbt-options=4
sudo /usr/sbin/bless -mount / -firmware "$fpath/ThorUtilDevice.efi" -payload "$fpath/$ee_image" -options "-o -ej 1 -blast efi-apple-payload0-data"
sudo reboot now
done
This would loop through mlr-2000119.bin to mlr-3000119. You can also consider passing an argument to the script in which case you can use your original script with the ee_image line as
ee_image=mlr-$1.bin
and invoke bash /path/to/your/script.sh 2000119
#devnull wrote:
The last line in your script sudo reboot now would make any sort of loop meaningless.
I believe that the reboot command is just like any other command. It should be echoed to a file rather than being run to generate the script for the end-user.
I think that a good idea would be to have a script that creates scripts.
This is similar to how many websites work. The script on the server can echo HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code for consumption by the web browser.
Here is an example:
#!/bin/bash
# set the path to the dir
dir=$(dirname $0)"/"
# set the path to the file that keeps track of the serial numbers
snFile="$dir""sn.txt"
# set the file name of the file to be generated
fileName="serialize"
# read the last serial number used
if [ -e "$snFile" ];
then
read lastSN < "$snFile"
else
lastSN="0"
fi
# increment the serial number
let "nextSN = $lastSN + 1"
echo "$nextSN" > "$snFile"
# create a path variable for the file being created.
generatedPath="$dir$fileName$nextSN.sh"
# generate the script
echo "#!/bin/bash" > "$generatedPath"
echo 'fpath=$(dirname "$0")' >> "$generatedPath"
echo '' >> "$generatedPath"
echo "ee_image=mlr-$nextSN.bin" >> "$generatedPath"
echo '' >> "$generatedPath"
echo 'sudo nvram tbt-options=4' >> "$generatedPath"
echo '' >> "$generatedPath"
echo 'sudo /usr/sbin/bless -mount / -firmware \"$fpath/ThorUtilDevice.efi\" -payload \"$fpath/$ee_image\" -options \"-o -ej 1 -blast efi-apple-payload0-data\" \' >> "$generatedPath"
echo '' >> "$generatedPath"
echo 'sudo reboot now' >> "$generatedPath"
# give the user some feedback
echo "generatedPath: $generatedPath"
If having your end-user run a bash script is good enough, then I think that you're almost done.
If you want to have an even better user interface and have a Mac application for the end-user to run, send me an email and I can help you with that.
kaydell#learnbymac.com