Postpolicy.php
/**
* Determine whether the user can update the model.
*
* #param \App\Models\User $user
* #param \App\Models\Post $post
* #return \Illuminate\Auth\Access\Response|bool
*/
public function update(User $user, Post $post)
{
return $user->id === $post->user_id;
}
PostController.php
/**
* Show the form for editing the specified resource.
*
* #param int $id
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function edit(Request $request,Post $post)
{
$this->authorize('update',$post);
$id=$request->id;
$edit=Post::find($id);
if($edit){
return view('editform');
}
return abort(404);
}
I am trying to edit the post if the posts belong to logged-in users but I am getting this action is not authorized error whenever I press the edit button to get the edit form. Above are my codes and I don't know what is wrong with them. Any help will be really appreciated.
Related
I am trying to add one more field to forgot password which is STAFF ID & EMAIL. If STAFF ID and EMAIL is correct then the system should send reset password link.
It seems laravel default only allow email for forgot password. Is there anyways to add STAFF ID and verify both field before send email?
vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Auth/SendsPasswordResetEmails.php
<?php
namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Auth;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password;
trait SendsPasswordResetEmails
{
/**
* Display the form to request a password reset link.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function showLinkRequestForm()
{
return view('auth.passwords.email');
}
/**
* Send a reset link to the given user.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
public function sendResetLinkEmail(Request $request)
{
$this->validateEmail($request);
// We will send the password reset link to this user. Once we have attempted
// to send the link, we will examine the response then see the message we
// need to show to the user. Finally, we'll send out a proper response.
$response = $this->broker()->sendResetLink(
$this->credentials($request)
);
return $response == Password::RESET_LINK_SENT
? $this->sendResetLinkResponse($request, $response)
: $this->sendResetLinkFailedResponse($request, $response);
}
/**
* Validate the email for the given request.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return void
*/
protected function validateEmail(Request $request)
{
$request->validate(['email' => 'required|email']);
}
/**
* Get the needed authentication credentials from the request.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return array
*/
protected function credentials(Request $request)
{
return $request->only('email');
}
/**
* Get the response for a successful password reset link.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #param string $response
* #return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
protected function sendResetLinkResponse(Request $request, $response)
{
return back()->with('status', trans($response));
}
/**
* Get the response for a failed password reset link.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #param string $response
* #return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
protected function sendResetLinkFailedResponse(Request $request, $response)
{
return back()
->withInput($request->only('email'))
->withErrors(['email' => trans($response)]);
}
/**
* Get the broker to be used during password reset.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBroker
*/
public function broker()
{
return Password::broker();
}
}
The proper way to do this is to override the PasswordBroker and DatabaseTokenRepository which is actually a lot of work for something that could have been achieved with a little modification to the canResetPasswordContract. The current implementation assumes resetting a password is all about the user and undermines the importance of getting the request information such as the ip address; and there's also the issue of efficient table indexing.
Nevertheless, I came up with a possible replacement of the shipped ForgotPasswordController that should be sufficient for most use cases to change the payload associated with reset password if you would like to use a different table structure without overriding everything.
Keep in mind that
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\SendsPasswordResetEmails;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBroker;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Carbon\Carbon;
use App\Models\PasswordReset;
use App\Models\User;
class ForgotPasswordController extends Controller
{
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Password Reset Controller
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This controller is responsible for handling password reset emails and
| includes a trait which assists in sending these notifications from
| your application to your users. Feel free to explore this trait.
|
*/
use SendsPasswordResetEmails;
//in minutes
protected $throttle = 60;
/**
* Send a reset link to the given user.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
public function sendResetLinkEmail(Request $request)
{
$this->validateEmail($request);
// We will send the password reset link to this user. Once we have attempted
// to send the link, we will examine the response then see the message we
// need to show to the user. Finally, we'll send out a proper response.
$user = User::where($this->credentials($request))->first();
if (is_null($user)) {
return $this->sendResetLinkFailedResponse($request, PasswordBroker::INVALID_USER);
}
$reset = PasswordReset::where(
'email', $user->getEmailForPasswordReset()
)->first();
if ($reset && $this->tokenRecentlyCreated($reset)) {
return $this->sendResetLinkFailedResponse($request, PasswordBroker::RESET_THROTTLED);
}
$token = $this->createToken($request, $user, $reset);
//keep in mind that saved token is hashed version of this
$user->sendPasswordResetNotification($token);
return $this->sendResetLinkResponse($request, Password::RESET_LINK_SENT);
}
/**
* Create a ne password reset token
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #param Model $user
* #param Model $reset
*/
public function createToken($request, $user, $reset)
{
$email = $user->getEmailForPasswordReset();
if ($reset) {
$reset->delete();
}
// We will create a new, random token for the user so that we can e-mail them
// a safe link to the password reset form. Then we will insert a record in
// the database so that we can verify the token within the actual reset.
$token = $this->createNewToken();
PasswordReset::create([
'user_id' => $user->id,
'email' => $email,
'token' => bcrypt($token),
'created_at' => now(),
'ip_address' => $request->ip()
]);
return $token;
}
/**
* Create a new token for the user.
*
* #return string
*/
public function createNewToken()
{
return hash_hmac('sha256', Str::random(40), $this->getHashKey());
}
/**
* Replicate hash key used by DatabaseTokenRepository
*/
public function getHashKey()
{
$key = config('app.key');
if (Str::startsWith($key, 'base64:')) {
$key = base64_decode(substr($key, 7));
}
return $key;
}
/**
* Determine if the token was recently created.
*
* #param Model $token
* #return bool
*/
protected function tokenRecentlyCreated($token)
{
if ($this->throttle <= 0) {
return false;
}
return Carbon::parse($token->created_at)->addSeconds(
$this->throttle
)->isFuture();
}
}
Finally manage to add staff ID in credentials :)
<?php
namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Auth;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password;
trait SendsPasswordResetEmails
{
/**
* Display the form to request a password reset link.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function showLinkRequestForm()
{
return view('auth.passwords.email');
}
/**
* Send a reset link to the given user.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
public function sendResetLinkEmail(Request $request)
{
$this->validateEmail($request);
// We will send the password reset link to this user. Once we have attempted
// to send the link, we will examine the response then see the message we
// need to show to the user. Finally, we'll send out a proper response.
$response = $this->broker()->sendResetLink(
$this->credentials($request)
);
return $response == Password::RESET_LINK_SENT
? $this->sendResetLinkResponse($request, $response)
: $this->sendResetLinkFailedResponse($request, $response);
}
/**
* Validate the email for the given request.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return void
*/
protected function validateEmail(Request $request)
{
$request->validate(['email' => 'required|email'],['StaffID' => 'required']);
}
/**
* Get the needed authentication credentials from the request.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return array
*/
protected function credentials(Request $request)
{
return $request->only('email', 'StaffID');
}
/**
* Get the response for a successful password reset link.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #param string $response
* #return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
protected function sendResetLinkResponse(Request $request, $response)
{
return back()->with('status', trans($response));
}
/**
* Get the response for a failed password reset link.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #param string $response
* #return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
*/
protected function sendResetLinkFailedResponse(Request $request, $response)
{
return back()
->withInput($request->only('email','StaffID'))
->withErrors(['email' => 'We cant find a user with that Staff ID and Email']);
}
/**
* Get the broker to be used during password reset.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBroker
*/
public function broker()
{
return Password::broker();
}
}
Thanks :)
Controller:
this is the whole controller code
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Exam_sched;
use App\Subject;
use App\Batch;
use Session;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class ExamSchedController extends Controller
{
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
class ExamSchedController extends Controller
{
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function index()
{
$exam_scheds= Exam_sched::paginate(3);
return view('examschedule',compact('exam_scheds'));
}
/**
* Show the form for creating a new resource.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function create()
{
$exam_scheds=Exam_sched::all();
$subjects=Subject::all();
$batches=Batch::all();
return view('examschedule', compact('exam_scheds','subjects','batches'));
}
/**
* Store a newly created resource in storage.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function store(Request $request)
{
$request->validate([
"date"=>"required",
"subject_id"=>"required",
"batch_id"=>"required",
"roomNo"=>"required",
"startTime"=>"required",
"endTime"=>"required"
]);
// $rules= array(
// "date"=>"required",
// "subject_id"=>"required",
// "batch_id"=>"required",
// "roomNo"=>"required",
// "startTime"=>"required",
// "endTime"=>"required"
// );
// $this->validate($request, $rules);
$exam_sched= new Exam_sched;
$exam_sched->date=$request->date;
$exam_sched->subject_id=$request->subject_id;
$exam_sched->batch_id=$request->batch_id;
$exam_sched->roomNo=$request->roomNo;
$exam_sched->startTime=$request->startTime;
$exam_sched->endTime=$request->endTime;
$exam_sched->save();
Session::flash("message","New Schedule has been added");
return redirect('/examschedule');
}
/**
* Display the specified resource.
*
* #param \App\Exam_sched $exam_sched
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function show(Exam_sched $exam_sched)
{
//
}
/**
* Show the form for editing the specified resource.
*
* #param \App\Exam_sched $exam_sched
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function edit($id)
// public function edit()
{
$exam_sched = Exam_sched::find($id);
$subjects=Subject::all();
$batches=Batch::all();
return view('editschedule',compact('exam_sched','subjects','batches'));
// return view('examschedule');
}
/**
* Update the specified resource in storage.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #param \App\Exam_sched $exam_sched
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
// public function update(Request $request, Exam_sched $exam_sched)
public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
$exam_sched= Exam_sched::find($id);
$rules= array(
"date"=>"required",
"subject_id"=>"required",
"batch_id"=>"required",
"roomNo"=>"required",
"startTime"=>"required",
"endTime"=>"required"
);
$this->validate($request, $rules);
$exam_sched= Exam_sched::find($id);
$exam_sched->date=$request->date;
$exam_sched->batch_id=$request->batch_id;
$exam_sched->subject_id=$request->subject_id;
$exam_sched->roomNo=$request->roomNo;
$exam_sched->startTime=$request->startTime;
$exam_sched->endTime=$request->endTime;
$exam_sched->save();
Session::flash("message","Schedule has been updated!");
return redirect('/examschedule');
}
/**
* Remove the specified resource from storage.
*
* #param \App\Exam_sched $exam_sched
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function delete($id)
{ $exam_sched= Exam_sched::find($id);
$schedToRemove=Exam_sched::find($id);
$schedToRemove->delete();
// Session::flash("message","Successfully Deleted!");
return redirect('/examschedule')->with('success','Data Deleted');
}
}
Route:
Route::get('/examschedule', 'ExamSchedController#index');
View Blade:
<tbody>
#if($exam_scheds->count())
#foreach($exam_scheds as $exam_sched)
<tr class="tbody">
<td>{{$exam_sched->date}}</td>
<td>{{$exam_sched->batch->name}}</td>
<td>{{$exam_sched->subject->name}}</td>
<td>{{$exam_sched->roomNo}}</td>
<td>{{$exam_sched->startTime}}</td>
<td>{{$exam_sched->endTime}}</td>
<td>{{$exam_sched->created_at->diffForHumans()}}</td>
</tr>
#endforeach
#endif
</tbody>
</table>
{{ $exam_scheds->links() }}
Method Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection::links does not exist.
Please help me ,I'm new in laravel
thanks in advance
Ok, now I see the problem.
In index method of controller you use
$exam_scheds= Exam_sched::paginate(3);
but in create method you use:
$exam_scheds=Exam_sched::all();
and you use same view in those 2 methods.
Of course when you use all() method there is no pagination so you cannot use links then in view.
So probably you should change in create method to also paginate same as in index method.
Nova 2.0
Laravel 5.8
I have one nova resource Document ( contains file url, related foreign key and title ) for which I have defined policy with create and update false and all others set to true, the PDF is generated from another resource, so I don't need to allow it to be created or edited, now everything is working fine, but with another action on this Document resource I am trying to download these files, giving me error "Sorry you are not authorized to take this action", so how to allow this action on Policy.
DocumentPolicy class
<?php
namespace App\Policies;
use App\User;
use App\Models\Document;
use Illuminate\Auth\Access\HandlesAuthorization;
class DocumentPolicy
{
use HandlesAuthorization;
/**
* Determine whether the user can view any documents.
*
* #param \App\User $user
* #return mixed
*/
public function viewAny(User $user)
{
return true;
}
/**
* Determine whether the user can view the document.
*
* #param \App\User $user
* #param \App\Document $document
* #return mixed
*/
public function view(User $user, Document $document)
{
return true;
}
/**
* Determine whether the user can create documents.
*
* #param \App\User $user
* #return mixed
*/
public function create(User $user)
{
return false;
}
/**
* Determine whether the user can update the document.
*
* #param \App\User $user
* #param \App\Document $document
* #return mixed
*/
public function update(User $user, Document $document)
{
return false;
}
/**
* Determine whether the user can delete the document.
*
* #param \App\User $user
* #param \App\Document $document
* #return mixed
*/
public function delete(User $user, Document $document)
{
return true;
}
/**
* Determine whether the user can restore the document.
*
* #param \App\User $user
* #param \App\Document $document
* #return mixed
*/
public function restore(User $user, Document $document)
{
return true;
}
/**
* Determine whether the user can permanently delete the document.
*
* #param \App\User $user
* #param \App\Document $document
* #return mixed
*/
public function forceDelete(User $user, Document $document)
{
return true;
}
public function download(User $user, Document $document)
{
return true;
}
}
The reason why you are getting the error is because your update method returns false in your policy.
By default, if the update is false, Nova will not allow the action. To test this, you can try to set it to true and test it again.
To fix this, you'd have to change the way you are registering the action to add a custom callback to handle if the user can run the action or not like this:
public function actions(Request $request)
{
return [
(new DownloadDocument)->canRun(function ($request, $document) {
return $request->user()->can('download', $document);
}),
];
}
With this, it will check for the download method in your document policy instead of the update method for the action.
For more information: https://nova.laravel.com/docs/2.0/actions/registering-actions.html#authorizing-actions-per-resource
I have a resource Controller named CmsPagesController,
class CmsPagesController extends Controller
{
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function index()
{
return 'something';
// $pages=CmsPages::all();
// return view('backend.pages.cms.list')->with('pages',$pages);
}
public function list(){
return '123';
}
/**
* Show the form for creating a new resource.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function create()
{
return view('backend.pages.cms.add');
}
/**
* Store a newly created resource in storage.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function store(Request $request)
{
$this->validate($request, [
'name' => 'required',
'slug' => 'required',
'description'=> 'required'
]);
$Page=new CmsPages;
$Page->name= $request->input('name');
$Page->slug= $request->input('slug');
$Page->description= $request->input('description');
$Page->copyright= $request->input('copyright');
$Page->keywords= $request->input('keywords');
$Page->save();
return redirect('/admin/pages')->with('success','Page Added Successfully');
}
/**
* Display the specified resource.
*
* #param int $id
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function show($id)
{
//
}
/**
* Show the form for editing the specified resource.
*
* #param int $id
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function edit($id)
{
//
}
/**
* Update the specified resource in storage.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #param int $id
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
//
}
/**
* Remove the specified resource from storage.
*
* #param int $id
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function destroy($id)
{
//
}
}
My Add function and store function is working perfect, I can render add page and can store data to database but my index function is not working, I have placed a sample return statement but that is not executed as well. what am I missing
Following is my route
Route::resource('pages','CmsPagesController');
I was facing the same issue, that is index function wasn't returning anything, not even any error.
I had a UsersController made as a resource.
And route as:
Route::resource('users', 'UsersController');
When you try to hit the following URL
...public/users/index
it won't return anything.
It worked for me when I tried
...public/users
the index function is automatically called. You don't have have to write /index in the the url.
Before explaining the problem. Let me explain, things i have tried out.I ran the command
php artisan make:auth
it created files like HomeController, a directory auth which had register & login pages. in my application i have a directory Pages. i opened up AuthenticatesUsers trait and changed
return view('auth.login'); to my view return view('Pages.login');
After that: i changed view of showRegistrationForm methods view return view('auth.register'); to return view('Pages.register'); from RegistersUsers.php
Here is UserController
lass UserController extends Controller {
//constructor
public function __construct() {
}
//Admin: return view
public function showCommunity() {
$Community = Community::latest()->get();
$Ideas = Idea::latest()->get();
return view('privatePages.communities', compact(array('Community', 'Ideas')));
}
Routes that were generated by php artisan make:auth
Route::auth();
//Auth Controller
Route::controllers([
'auth' => 'Auth\AuthController',
'password' => 'Auth\PasswordController',
]);
Now coming back to the problem. yesterday morning. When i opened up localhost/auth/register. Registration process was working fine and data was storing in DB. But there was an issue with login view. Neither it was throwing an error on wrong credentials nor logged the user in on correct credentials. Later in the evening. Login view was working and throwing an error even upon entering correct credentials it said Credentials does not match record. But registration process was not working and data was not storing in DB. It really confusing.
Here is AutheticatesUsers File
<?php
namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Auth;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Lang;
//use App\Http\Requests\UserRequest;
trait AuthenticatesUsers
{
use RedirectsUsers;
/**
* Show the application login form.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function getLogin()
{
return $this->showLoginForm();
}
/**
* Show the application login form.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function showLoginForm()
{
$view = property_exists($this, 'loginView')
? $this->loginView : 'auth.authenticate';
if (view()->exists($view)) {
return view($view);
}
return view('Pages.login');
}
/**
* Handle a login request to the application.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function postLogin(Request $request)
{
return $this->login($request);
}
/**
* Handle a login request to the application.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function login(Request $request)
{
$this->validateLogin($request);
// If the class is using the ThrottlesLogins trait, we can automatically throttle
// the login attempts for this application. We'll key this by the username and
// the IP address of the client making these requests into this application.
$throttles = $this->isUsingThrottlesLoginsTrait();
if ($throttles && $lockedOut = $this->hasTooManyLoginAttempts($request)) {
$this->fireLockoutEvent($request);
return $this->sendLockoutResponse($request);
}
$credentials = $this->getCredentials($request);
if (Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->attempt($credentials, $request->has('remember'))) {
return $this->handleUserWasAuthenticated($request, $throttles);
}
// If the login attempt was unsuccessful we will increment the number of attempts
// to login and redirect the user back to the login form. Of course, when this
// user surpasses their maximum number of attempts they will get locked out.
if ($throttles && ! $lockedOut) {
$this->incrementLoginAttempts($request);
}
return $this->sendFailedLoginResponse($request);
}
/**
* Validate the user login request.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return void
*/
protected function validateLogin(Request $request)
{
$this->validate($request, [
$this->loginUsername() => 'required', 'password' => 'required',
]);
}
/**
* Send the response after the user was authenticated.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #param bool $throttles
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
protected function handleUserWasAuthenticated(Request $request, $throttles)
{
if ($throttles) {
$this->clearLoginAttempts($request);
}
if (method_exists($this, 'authenticated')) {
return $this->authenticated($request, Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->user());
}
return redirect()->intended($this->redirectPath());
}
/**
* Get the failed login response instance.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
protected function sendFailedLoginResponse(Request $request)
{
return redirect()->back()
->withInput($request->only($this->loginUsername(), 'remember'))
->withErrors([
$this->loginUsername() => $this->getFailedLoginMessage(),
]);
}
/**
* Get the failed login message.
*
* #return string
*/
protected function getFailedLoginMessage()
{
return Lang::has('auth.failed')
? Lang::get('auth.failed')
: 'These credentials do not match our records.';
}
/**
* Get the needed authorization credentials from the request.
*
* #param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* #return array
*/
protected function getCredentials(Request $request)
{
return $request->only($this->loginUsername(), 'password');
}
/**
* Log the user out of the application.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function getLogout()
{
return $this->logout();
}
/**
* Log the user out of the application.
*
* #return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function logout()
{
Auth::guard($this->getGuard())->logout();
return redirect(property_exists($this, 'redirectAfterLogout') ? $this->redirectAfterLogout : '/');
}
/**
* Get the guest middleware for the application.
*/
public function guestMiddleware()
{
$guard = $this->getGuard();
return $guard ? 'guest:'.$guard : 'guest';
}
/**
* Get the login username to be used by the controller.
*
* #return string
*/
public function loginUsername()
{
return property_exists($this, 'username') ? $this->username : 'email';
}
/**
* Determine if the class is using the ThrottlesLogins trait.
*
* #return bool
*/
protected function isUsingThrottlesLoginsTrait()
{
return in_array(
ThrottlesLogins::class, class_uses_recursive(static::class)
);
}
/**
* Get the guard to be used during authentication.
*
* #return string|null
*/
protected function getGuard()
{
return property_exists($this, 'guard') ? $this->guard : null;
}
}
One more thing for registration process. I am not using laravel's Request rather my own created 'UserRequest`. If any other information is needed. i would provide that. Any help would be appreciated.