#!/bin/bash
while read line;
do
cat
done
Hi, I'm trying to get the program to print each line given from stdin. Why isn't the first input being printed here? 2nd and following inputs work fine.
Thanks
Edit: I fixed it by adding a cat before the loop. Can someone explain why it was needed though?
#!/bin/bash
while read -r line;
do
echo "${line}"
done
This is a working version of your script. In your script, the first line is placed in the variable ${line} by the bash builtin read. Since you only ever output via cat, the first line in that variable is never output.
Related
I have a simple bash script and I don't understand the return value.
My script
#!bin/bash
string=$(head -n 1 test.txt)
IFS=":"
read -r pathfile line <<< "$string"
echo "left"$line"right"
And my test.txt
filepath:file content
others lines
...
I have this return on the console.
rightfile content
The problem isn't when file only have 1 line.
I don't know why I don't have left value right to result.
Your input file has MSWin line ends (\x0D\x0A). Therefore, \x0D becomes part of $line and when printed, it moves the cursor back to the beginning, so $line"right" overwrites it.
Run dos2unix or fromdos on the input file to fix it.
BTW, you don't need to quote left and right. Quoting the variable might be needed, though.
echo left"$line"right
I have a variable with stored logs. What I want is to read every line of the variable containing logs and keep that line or remove base on some filtering stuff.
The problem is that my code is working on bash, but not working on the dash.
this is my code:
filtered_logs=""
while IFS= read -r line
do
...(store line to $filterered_logs if it comes throught filter )
done <<< "$logs"
logs="$filtered_logs"
this code is working in bash. But ' done <<< "$logs" ' is not working in dash (since is default sh in ubuntu). It's homework and I need, that it works on every shell possible.
What i tried was:
filtered_logs=""
echo "$logs" |
while IFS= read -r line
do
...(store line to $filterered_logs if it comes throught filter )
done
logs="$filtered_logs"
But if I store something in from while cycle to $filtered_logs, it's not working. And I can't access this while cycling with my debugger too. (I think that the whole while cycle is a whole new process since I run it with |.
My question is how to make it works, please. Thank you
It's easy to use clean posix api in your case:
logs=$(
printf "%s" "$logs" |
while IFS= read -r line
do
echo "store this to logs"
done
)
I have a text file, it contains a single word on each line.
I need a loop in bash to read each line, then perform a command each time it reads a line, using the input from that line as part of the command.
I am just not sure of the proper syntax to do this in bash. If anyone can help, it would be great. I need to use the line from the test file obtained as a paramter to call another function. The loop should stop when there are no more lines in the text file.
Psuedo code:
Read testfile.txt.
For each in testfile.txt
{
some_function linefromtestfile
}
How about:
while read line
do
echo $line
// or some_function "$line"
done < testfile.txt
As an alternative, using a file descriptor (#4 in this case):
file='testfile.txt'
exec 4<$file
while read -r -u4 t ; do
echo "$t"
done
Don't use cat! In a loop cat is almost always wrong, i.e.
cat testfile.txt | while read -r line
do
# do something with "$line" here
done
and people might start to throw an UUoCA at you.
while read line
do
nikto -Tuning x 1 6 -h $line -Format html -o NiktoSubdomainScans.html
done < testfile.txt
Tried this to automate nikto scan of list of domains after changing from cat approach. Still just read the first line and ignored everything else.
Given a text file with multiple lines, I would like to iterate over each line in a Bash script. I had attempted to use cut, but cut does not accept \n (newline) as a delimiter.
This is an example of the file I am working with:
one
two
three
four
Does anyone know how I can loop through each line of this text file in Bash?
I found myself in the same problem, this works for me:
cat file.cut | cut -d$'\n' -f1
Or:
cut -d$'\n' -f1 file.cut
Use cat for concatenating or displaying. No need for it here.
file="/path/to/file"
while read line; do
echo "${line}"
done < "${file}"
Simply use:
echo -n `cut ...`
This suppresses the \n at the end
cat FILE|while read line; do # 'line' is the variable name
echo "$line" # do something here
done
or (see comment):
while read line; do # 'line' is the variable name
echo "$line" # do something here
done < FILE
So, some really good (possibly better) answers have been provided already. But looking at the phrasing of the original question, in wanting to use a BASH for-loop, it amazed me that nobody mentioned a solution with change of Field Separator IFS. It's a pure bash solution, just like the accepted read line
old_IFS=$IFS
IFS='\n'
for field in $(<filename)
do your_thing;
done
IFS=$old_IFS
If you are sure that the output will always be newline-delimited, use head -n 1 in lieu of cut -f1 (note that you mentioned a for loop in a script and your question was ultimately not script-related).
Many of the other answers, including the accepted one, have multiple lines unnecessarily. No need to do this over multiple lines or changing the default delimiter on the system.
Also, the solution provided by Ivan with -d$'\n' did not work for me either on Mac OSX or CentOS 7. Since his answer is four years old, I assume something must have changed on the logic of the $ character for this situation.
While loop with input redirection and read command.
You should not be using cut to perform a sequential iteration of each line in a file as cut was not designed to do this.
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
— man cut
TL;DR
You should use a while loop with the read -r command and redirect standard input to your file inside a function scope where IFS is set to \n and use -E when using echo.
processFile() { # Function scope to prevent overwriting IFS globally
file="$1" # Any file that exists
local IFS="\n" # Allows spaces and tabs
while read -r line; do # Read exits with 1 when done; -r allows \
echo -E "$line" # -E allows printing of \ instead of gibberish
done < $file # Input redirection allows us to read file from stdin
}
processFile /path/to/file
Iteration
In order to iterate over each line of a file, we can use a while loop. This will let us iterate as many times as we need to.
while <condition>; do
<body>
done
Getting our file ready to read
We can use the read command to store a single line from standard input in a variable. Before we can use that to read a line from our file, we need to redirect standard input to point to our file. We can do this with input redirection. According to the man pages for bash, the syntax for redirection is [fd]<file where fd defaults to standard input (a.k.a file descriptor 0). We can place this before or after our while loop.
while <condition>; do
<body>
done < /path/to/file
# or the non-traditional way
</path/to/file while <condition>; do
<body>
done
Reading the file and ending the loop
Now that our file can be read from standard input, we can use read. The syntax for read in our context is read [-r] var... where -r preserves the \ (backslash) character, instead of using it as an escape sequence character, and var is the name of the variable to store the input in. You can have multiple variables to store pieces of the input in but we only need one to read an entire line. Along with this, to preserve any backslashes in any output from echo you will likely need to use the -E flag to disable the interpretation of backslash escapes. If you have any indentation (spaces or tabs), you will need to temporarily change the IFS (Input Field Separators) variable to only "\n"; normally it is set to " \t\n".
main() {
local IFS="\n"
read -r line
echo -E "$line"
}
main
How do we use read to end our while loop?
There is really only one reliable way, that I know of, to determine when you've finished reading a file with read: check the exit value of read. If the exit value of read is 0 then we successfully read a line, if it is 1 or higher then we reached EOF (end of file). With that in mind, we can place the call to read in our while loop's condition section.
processFile() {
# Could be any file you want hardcoded or dynamic
file="$1"
local IFS="\n"
while read -r line; do
# Process line here
echo -E "$line"
done < $file
}
processFile /path/to/file1
processFile /path/to/file2
A visual breakdown of the above code via Explain Shell.
If I am executing a command and want to cut the output but it has multiple lines I found it helpful to do
echo $([command]) | cut [....]
This puts all the output of [command] on a single line that can be easier to process.
My opinion is that "cut" uses '\n' as its default delimiter.
If you want to use cut, I have two ways:
cut -d^M -f1 file_cut
I make ^M By click Enter After Ctrl+V. Another way is
cut -c 1- file_cut
Does that help?
I have a file file.txt with contents like
i love this world
I hate stupid managers
I love linux
I have MS
When I do the following:
for line in `cat file.txt`; do
echo $line
done
It gives output like
I
love
this
world
I
..
..
But I need the output as entire lines like below — any thoughts ?
i love this world
I hate stupid managers
I love linux
I have MS
while read -r line; do echo "$line"; done < file.txt
As #Zac noted in the comments, the simplest solution to the question you post is simply cat file.txt so i must assume there is something more interesting going on so i have put the two options that solve the question as asked as well:
There are two things you can do here, either you can set IFS (Internal Field Separator) to a newline and use existing code, or you can use the read or line command in a while loop
IFS="
"
or
(while read line ; do
//do something
done) < file.txt
I believe the question was how to read in an entire line at a time. The simple script below will do this. If you don't specify a variable name for "read" it will stuff the entire line into the variable $REPLY.
cat file.txt|while read; do echo $REPLY; done
Dave..
You can do it by using read if the file is coming into stdin. If you need to do it in the middle of a script that already uses stdin for other purposes, you can temporarily reassign the stdin file descriptor.
#!/bin/bash
file=$1
# save stdin to usually unused file descriptor 3
exec 3<&0
# connect the file to stdin
exec 0<"$file"
# read from stdin
while read -r line
do
echo "[$line]"
done
# when done, restore stdin
exec 0<&3
Try
(while read l; do echo $l; done) < temp.txt
read: Read a line from the standard
input and split it into fields.
Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file
descriptor FD
if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word
splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second
word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned
to
the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are
recognized as word
delimiters.