I need a pre build project and I need a version of protoc-gen-go v1.25.0-devel but I am unable to find command etc to install It , till now I tried to do something like this :
go get -u google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go#v1.25.0-devel
and I am getting this ERROR invalid version: unknown revision cmd/protoc-gen-go/v1.25.0-devel
Is there any way to get this version ?
If you're following this post to create a sample service, you don't need the specific version 1.25.0-devel that appears in the generated files. You should use the latest stable version (currently v1.26.0). Since it is an minor version upgrade, there should be no breaking changes between versions. One thing that you may need to make the examples in the post to work is that you should set the package for the generated code. You can set it in the .proto file as an option, for example option go_package = grpc-example/generated/protos/calc or as a command line argument for the protoc command, for example protoc ...OTHER_OPTS --go_opt=Mprotos/calc.proto=grpc-example/generated/protos/calc.
If you are sure that you absolutely need the specific version v1.25.0-devel you can install the plugin pointing to a specific commit (as that version is not currently available as a tag/branch name). If you're using go 1.16.x you can use go install google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc#a9513eb pointing at this commit. For older go versions, use go get
I am trying to wrap my head around go modules. This is what I have done so far.
Created a simple module and published it as 0.0.1 on github.
Referenced the above mentioned module in a separate go project and used it.
so far it works fine. Now I update the initial module to 0.0.2 and publish it as a release on github. Now when I try go get <published module> it still seems to fetch the original 0.0.1 version and run it. I also deleted all references to 0.0.1 including in go.mod and go.sum and run go get and it still fetches the original 0.0.1 version instead of 0.0.2.
I also tried publishing a major version 1.0.0 and tried to use it, but its still fetching the older 0.0.1 version. I thought it will automatically fetch the latest version and use that.
My go.mod file also shows the following even for the major version
require github.com/user/module v0.0.0-20210223020204-1b5fb712826f // indirect
I feel there could be something wrong in the way its being published on git. Any help, anyone.
It looks like the comments already highlighted the required steps to take, but to capture the information in an answer, here is the relevant snippet from go help get
The -u flag instructs get to use the network to update the named packages
and their dependencies. By default, get uses the network to check out
missing packages but does not use it to look for updates to existing packages.
Basically, go get will only fetch the versions locked in your go.{mod,sum} files and you need to explicitly ask for updates using one of:
# upgrade to the latest release
go get -u github.com/user/module
# upgrade to a specific version
go get github.com/user/module#2.0.0
# use the `latest` version alias
go get github.com/user/module#latest
I'm playing with GraphQL in Go and I was trying to get gqlgen tool using the familiar go run command.
I was expecting it to retrieve the latest available tag, instead I"m somehow getting a tag which does not seem to exist in the repo at all:
$ go run github.com/99designs/gqlgen version
v0.9.1-dev
I would expect the above to return per the latest tag
v0.13.0
Go version installed on my workstation:
$ go version
go version go1.15.5 darwin/amd64
Anyone has any ideas what's going on?
UPDATE: disabling GOPROXY does not help
UPDATE2: it turns out the version is hardcoded into version.go as you can see here, but even if go run gets the master instead of the latest tag, you'd still expect the output to be 0.13.0-dev as per the master branch Instead I suspect there is some string ordering of versions of tags which orders 0.9.* above 0.1*.*
go run does not currently support running a specific version of a binary, but note that there is an accepted Go proposal to add that functionality in a future release of the go command.
As of Go 1.16, you can instead go install the binary at a specific version, and then run that binary from its install location (either $(go env GOBIN) or $(go env GOPATH)/bin).
$ GOBIN=~/bin go install github.com/99designs/gqlgen#latest
$ ~/bin/gqlgen ...
I think the version command was misconfigured on build, and that v0.9.1-dev was not the tag at build time.
Is there a flag for go get or go install to force those to use the cache, even if the cache is very old / ancient? We are using docker images / multi-stage build to cache deps, and those original files might be weeks or months old.
go.mod may record concrete versions or commits you depend on. If you need old versions of your deps, state them explicitly in your go.mod and you get reproducible builds even if your dependencies evolve.
Use go get foo#123456 if you need the 123456 commit of your foo dependency.
Use go get foo#v0.1.2 if you need the v0.1.2 version of your dependency. These will get recorded in go.mod, and no matter where / when you build your module, it will always use these versions.
For details, see Go Wiki: Modules: How to Upgrade and Downgrade Dependencies.
coming from a Node environment I used to install a specific version of a vendor lib into the project folder (node_modules) by telling npm to install that version of that lib from the package.json or even directly from the console, like so:
$ npm install express#4.0.0
Then I used to import that version of that package in my project just with:
var express = require('express');
Now, I want to do the same thing with go. How can I do that?
Is it possible to install a specific version of a package? If so, using a centralized $GOPATH, how can I import one version instead of another?
I would do something like this:
$ go get github.com/wilk/uuid#0.0.1
$ go get github.com/wilk/uuid#0.0.2
But then, how can I make a difference during the import?
Go 1.11 will have a feature called go modules and you can simply add a dependency with a version. Follow these steps:
go mod init .
go mod edit -require github.com/wilk/uuid#0.0.1
go get -v -t ./...
go build
go install
Here's more info on that topic - https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules
Really surprised nobody has mentioned gopkg.in.
gopkg.in is a service that provides a wrapper (redirect) that lets you express versions as repo urls, without actually creating repos. E.g. gopkg.in/yaml.v1 vs gopkg.in/yaml.v2, even though they both live at https://github.com/go-yaml/yaml
gopkg.in/yaml.v1 redirects to https://github.com/go-yaml/yaml/tree/v1
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 redirects to https://github.com/go-yaml/yaml/tree/v2
This isn't perfect if the author is not following proper versioning practices (by incrementing the version number when breaking backwards compatibility), but it does work with branches and tags.
A little cheat sheet on module queries.
To check all existing versions: e.g. go list -m -versions github.com/gorilla/mux
Specific version #v1.2.8
Specific commit #c783230
Specific branch #master
Version prefix #v2
Comparison #>=2.1.5
Latest #latest
E.g. go get github.com/gorilla/mux#v1.7.4
You can use git checkout to get an specific version and build your program using this version.
Example:
export GOPATH=~/
go get github.com/whateveruser/whateverrepo
cd ~/src/github.com/whateveruser/whateverrepo
git tag -l
# supose tag v0.0.2 is correct version
git checkout tags/v0.0.2
go run whateverpackage/main.go
Glide is a really elegant package management for Go especially if you come from Node's npm or Rust's cargo.
It behaves closely to Godep's new vendor feature in 1.6 but is way more easier. Your dependencies and versions are "locked" inside your projectdir/vendor directory without relying on GOPATH.
Install with brew (OS X)
$ brew install glide
Init the glide.yaml file (akin to package.json). This also grabs the existing imported packages in your project from GOPATH and copy then to the project's vendor/ directory.
$ glide init
Get new packages
$ glide get vcs/namespace/package
Update and lock the packages' versions. This creates glide.lock file in your project directory to lock the versions.
$ glide up
I tried glide and been happily using it for my current project.
Nowadays you can just use go get for it. You can fetch your dependency by the version tag, branch or even the commit.
go get github.com/someone/some_module#master
go get github.com/someone/some_module#v1.1.0
go get github.com/someone/some_module#commit_hash
more details here - How to point Go module dependency in go.mod to a latest commit in a repo?
Go get will also install the binary, like it says in the documentation -
Get downloads the packages named by the import paths, along with their dependencies. It then installs the named packages, like 'go install'.
(from https://golang.org/cmd/go/)
Update 18-11-23: From Go 1.11 mod is official experiment. Please see #krish answer.
Update 19-01-01: From Go 1.12 mod is still official experiment.
Starting in Go 1.13, module mode will be the default for all development.
Update 19-10-17: From Go 1.13 mod is official package manager.
https://blog.golang.org/using-go-modules
Old answer:
You can set version by offical dep
dep ensure --add github.com/gorilla/websocket#1.2.0
From Go 1.5 there's the "vendor experiment" that helps you manage dependencies. As of Go 1.6 this is no longer an experiment. Theres also some other options on the Go wiki..
Edit: as mentioned in this answer gopkg.in is a good option for pinning github-depdencies pre-1.5.
dep is the official experiment for dependency management for Go language. It requires Go 1.8 or newer to compile.
To start managing dependencies using dep, run the following command from your project's root directory:
dep init
After execution two files will be generated: Gopkg.toml ("manifest"), Gopkg.lock and necessary packages will be downloaded into vendor directory.
Let's assume that you have the project which uses github.com/gorilla/websocket package. dep will generate following files:
Gopkg.toml
# Gopkg.toml example
#
# Refer to https://github.com/golang/dep/blob/master/docs/Gopkg.toml.md
# for detailed Gopkg.toml documentation.
#
# required = ["github.com/user/thing/cmd/thing"]
# ignored = ["github.com/user/project/pkgX", "bitbucket.org/user/project/pkgA/pkgY"]
#
# [[constraint]]
# name = "github.com/user/project"
# version = "1.0.0"
#
# [[constraint]]
# name = "github.com/user/project2"
# branch = "dev"
# source = "github.com/myfork/project2"
#
# [[override]]
# name = "github.com/x/y"
# version = "2.4.0"
[[constraint]]
name = "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
version = "1.2.0"
Gopkg.lock
# This file is autogenerated, do not edit; changes may be undone by the next 'dep ensure'.
[[projects]]
name = "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
packages = ["."]
revision = "ea4d1f681babbce9545c9c5f3d5194a789c89f5b"
version = "v1.2.0"
[solve-meta]
analyzer-name = "dep"
analyzer-version = 1
inputs-digest = "941e8dbe52e16e8a7dff4068b7ba53ae69a5748b29fbf2bcb5df3a063ac52261"
solver-name = "gps-cdcl"
solver-version = 1
There are commands which help you to update/delete/etc packages, please find more info on official github repo of dep (dependency management tool for Go).
go get is the Go package manager. It works in a completely decentralized way and how package discovery still possible without a central package hosting repository.
Besides locating and downloading packages, the other big role of a package manager is handling multiple versions of the same package. Go takes the most minimal and pragmatic approach of any package manager. There is no such thing as multiple versions of a Go package.
go get always pulls from the HEAD of the default branch in the repository. Always. This has two important implications:
As a package author, you must adhere to the stable HEAD philosophy. Your default branch must always be the stable, released version of your package. You must do work in feature branches and only merge when ready to release.
New major versions of your package must have their own repository. Put simply, each major version of your package (following semantic versioning) would have its own repository and thus its own import path.
e.g. github.com/jpoehls/gophermail-v1 and github.com/jpoehls/gophermail-v2.
As someone building an application in Go, the above philosophy really doesn't have a downside. Every import path is a stable API. There are no version numbers to worry about. Awesome!
For more details : http://zduck.com/2014/go-and-package-versioning/
The approach I've found workable is git's submodule system. Using that you can submodule in a given version of the code and upgrading/downgrading is explicit and recorded - never haphazard.
The folder structure I've taken with this is:
+ myproject
++ src
+++ myproject
+++ github.com
++++ submoduled_project of some kind.
That worked for me
GO111MODULE=on go get -u github.com/segmentio/aws-okta#v0.22.1
There's a go edit -replace command to append a specific commit (even from another forked repository) on top of the current version of a package.
What's cool about this option, is that you don't need to know the exact pseudo version beforehand, just the commit hash id.
For example, I'm using the stable version of package "github.com/onsi/ginkgo v1.8.0".
Now I want - without modifying this line of required package in go.mod - to append a patch from my fork, on top of the ginkgo version:
$ GO111MODULE="on" go mod edit -replace=github.com/onsi/ginkgo=github.com/manosnoam/ginkgo#d6423c2
After the first time you build or test your module, GO will try to pull the new version, and then generate the "replace" line with the correct pseudo version. For example in my case, it will add on the bottom of go.mod:
replace github.com/onsi/ginkgo => github.com/manosnoam/ginkgo v0.0.0-20190902135631-1995eead7451
It might be useful.
Just type this into your command prompt while cd your/package/src/
go get github.com/go-gl/mathgl#v1.0.0
You get specific revision of package in question right into your source code, ready to use in import statement.
The current way to do this is to use go install
https://golang.org/doc/go-get-install-deprecation
Starting in Go 1.17, installing executables with go get is deprecated. go install may be used instead.
go install github.com/someone/some_module
Specific version
go install github.com/someone/some_module#v1.1.0
Specific commit
go install github.com/someone/some_module#commit_hash