Laravel Eloquent Migrate and Seed pivot table - laravel

Question

I just started to learn Laravel and I have a problem with seeding the database with proper relationships.
I tried to create four tables which are: 'Users','Projekts','Posts','Projekt_User_Pivots'.
The idea is that every Projekt can have multiple users, every user can have multiple projekts and posts.
So I want to show only the posts within a project, from the users that belong to the project.
I tried to seed the database with seeders and factories but I can't achieve the relationship of primarykeys via the factories I want to use. In my solution I just need to run the seeding as often until it works what is realy dumb. I would appreciate some help.
Here are all Models:
Post.php:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Projekt;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use SebastianBergmann\CodeUnit\FunctionUnit;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
class Post extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
public function user()
{
return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}
}
Projekt.php:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
class Projekt extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
public function user()
{
return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}
public function projektuserpivot()
{
return $this->hasMany(ProjektUserPivot::class);
}
}
ProjektUserPivot.php:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class ProjektUserPivot extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
protected $primaryKey = ['user_id', 'projekt_id'];
public $incrementing = false;
public function user()
{
return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}
public function projekt()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Projekt::class);
}
}
User.php:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
// use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
use App\Models\Post;
use App\Models\Projekt;
use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
class User extends Authenticatable
{
use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;
/**
* The attributes that are mass assignable.
*
* #var array<int, string>
*/
protected $fillable = [
'name',
'email',
'password',
];
/**
* The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
*
* #var array<int, string>
*/
protected $hidden = [
'password',
'remember_token',
];
/**
* The attributes that should be cast.
*
* #var array<string, string>
*/
protected $casts = [
'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
];
public function post()
{
return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
}
public function projekt()
{
return $this->hasMany(Projekt::class);
}
public function projektuserpivot()
{
return $this->hasMany(ProjektUserPivot::class);
}
}
Here are all Factories:
PostFactory.php:
<?php
namespace Database\Factories;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use Spatie\LaravelIgnition\Support\Composer\FakeComposer;
/**
* #extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Post>
*/
class PostFactory extends Factory
{
/**
* Define the model's default state.
*
* #return array<string, mixed>
*/
public function definition()
{
return [
'user_id' => $this->faker->numberBetween(0,999),
'title' => $this->faker->realTextBetween(10, 50),
'body' => $this->faker->realTextBetween(800, 1400),
];
}
}
ProjektFactory.php:
<?php
namespace Database\Factories;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
/**
* #extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Projekt>
*/
class ProjektFactory extends Factory
{
/**
* Define the model's default state.
*
* #return array<string, mixed>
*/
public function definition()
{
return [
'name' => $this->faker->realTextBetween(10, 20),
'user_id' => $this->faker->numberBetween(1,999),
];
}
}
ProjektUserPivotFactory.php:
<?php
namespace Database\Factories;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
/**
* #extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\ProjektUserPivot>
*/
class ProjektUserPivotFactory extends Factory
{
/**
* Define the model's default state.
*
* #return array<string, mixed>
*/
public function definition()
{
return [
'user_id' => $this->faker->numberBetween(1,999),
'projekt_id' => $this->faker->numberBetween(1,20),
];
}
}
UserFactory.php:
<?php
namespace Database\Factories;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
/**
* #extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\User>
*/
class UserFactory extends Factory
{
/**
* Define the model's default state.
*
* #return array<string, mixed>
*/
public function definition()
{
return [
'name' => fake()->name(),
'email' => fake()->unique()->safeEmail(),
'email_verified_at' => now(),
'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi', // password
'remember_token' => Str::random(10),
];
}
/**
* Indicate that the model's email address should be unverified.
*
* #return static
*/
public function unverified()
{
return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
'email_verified_at' => null,
]);
}
}
Here are all of the Migrations:
2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php:
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
return new class extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* #return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
$table->string('password');
$table->rememberToken();
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* #return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('users');
}
};
2022_12_08_154030_create_projekts_table.php:
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
return new class extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* #return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('projekts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
$table->string('name');
$table->timestamps();
$table->softDeletes();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* #return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('projekts');
}
};
2022_12_08_154042_create_posts_table.php:
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
return new class extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* #return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
$table->string('title');
$table->text('body');
$table->timestamps();
$table->softDeletes();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* #return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('posts');
}
};
2022_12_09_114733_create_projekt_user_pivots_table.php:
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
return new class extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* #return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('projekt_user_pivots', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->unsignedBigInteger('user_id');
$table->unsignedBigInteger('projekt_id');
$table->primary(['user_id','projekt_id']);
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* #return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('projekt_user_pivots');
}
};
Here are all Seeders:
DatabaseSeeder.php:
<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
// use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use App\Models\Post;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Projekt;
use App\Models\ProjektUserPivot;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Seed the application's database.
*
* #return void
*/
public function run()
{
User::factory(10)
->has(Post::factory()->count(10))
->has(Projekt::factory()->count(2))
->has(ProjektUserPivot::factory()->count(4))
->create();
}
}
PostSeeder.php:
<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class PostSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* #return void
*/
public function run()
{
//
}
}
ProjektSeeder.php:
<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class ProjektSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* #return void
*/
public function run()
{
}
}
ProjektUserPivotSeeder.php:
<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class ProjektUserPivotSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Run the database seeds.
*
* #return void
*/
public function run()
{
//
}
}
I know why the problem arises but how can I solve it?
Working migration and seeding
Not working migration and seeding

Answer 1

Laravel and its ORM Eloquent work better if you use exactly what they ask for: the pivot tabel between two table must be constructed as the following:
Schema::create('first_second', function(Blueprint $table)
{
$table->increments('id');
$table->integer('first_id');
$table->integer('second_id');
});
In your example, your pivot table is named projekt_user_pivot, and the ORM can't access it natively. Plus, Eloquent adds the automatic plural to the table, to it tries to find a table named projekt_user_pivots.
Add the $table->increments('id'); in the migration of your ProjektUser migration, and I suggest to follow Laravel's guidelines. You won't even need to create the model ProjektUser as Eloquent will do it itself.
~~
How to create your pivot table:
Make a migration (php artisan make:migration create_projekt_user_table)
function up() {
Schema::create('projekt_user', function(Blueprint $table)
{
$table->increments('id');
$table->integer('projekt_id');
$table->integer('user_id');
});
}
In your Models :
User.php
public function projekts()
{
$this->belongsToMany(User::class);
}
Projekt.php
public function users()
{
$this->belongsToMany(Projekt::class);
}
And your factories :
UserFactory.php
$projekts = Projekt::factory()->count(3)->create();
$user = User::factory()
->count(3)
->hasAttached($projekts)
->create();
This code will create 3 Users and 3 Projects, and all the Users will be linked to the 3 projekts in the pivot table, creating 9 lines.
With the definitions in the models that there is a many to many relationship between User and Projekt, your factory won't have any problem to populate itself the pivot table.
Note: if you ever need to add some additional data inside your pivot table (for example a role for the user for this specific project), you just have to update the migration to add the field, and you can define it with :
User.php
public function projekts()
{
$this->belongsToMany(User::class)->withPivot('role');
}
And you'll be able to access it in you code with :
foreach($user->projekts as $projekt)
{
echo $projekt->pivot->role;
}