I'm currently experimenting with a little bash script.
I have an IPv6 address (via mysql query) in a variable and want to increment it by 1 (by also honoring the IPv6 rules [hex]). Any hint how to achieve this?
Is there a simple way in bash to increment a given address by 1? (this is to avoid duplicates).
Basically:
2001::0000:fe04 is given and I want the script to manipulate the variable to output 2001::0000:fe05, 2001::0000:fe06 and after 2001::0000:fe09 it should be 2001::0000:fe0a - 2001::0000:fe0f followed by 2001::0000:fe10 (hex count). If all ip's are full (2001::0:ffff) it should use the next IP subnet by honoring IPv6 subnetting.
So after 2001::0:ffff the next address would be 2001::0001:0001
Hope you understand what I mean ;)
This will add 1 to your ip6 address using the Net::IP perl package.
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use Net::IP qw(ip_inttobin ip_bintoip);
my $ip = Net::IP->new('2001::0000:fe05') || die;
print ("IP : ".$ip->ip()."\n");
print ("Sho : ".$ip->short()."\n");
print ("Int : ".$ip->intip()."\n");
# add 1 to the address
my $next_bin = ip_inttobin($ip->intip + 1, $ip->version);
my $next = Net::IP->new(ip_bintoip($next_bin, $ip->version));
print "\nAfter incrementing by 1\n";
print ("IP : ".$next->ip()."\n");
print ("Sho : ".$next->short()."\n");
$ perl ip6_test.pl
IP : 2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:fe05
Sho : 2001::fe05
Int : 42540488161975842760550356425300311557
After incrementing by 1
IP : 2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:fe06
Sho : 2001::fe06
Related
Finally managed to have my RPI computer module to work with SNMP.
I have a script running that gives me one of my parameters and if I use query using SNMP I get the info back.
pi#raspberrypi:~ $ snmpwalk -v2c -c public localhost NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendObjects | grep snmp_status
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCommand."snmp_status" = STRING: /home/pi/BDC/snmp_status.py
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendArgs."snmp_status" = STRING:
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendInput."snmp_status" = STRING:
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCacheTime."snmp_status" = INTEGER: 5
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendExecType."snmp_status" = INTEGER: exec(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendRunType."snmp_status" = INTEGER: run-on-read(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStorage."snmp_status" = INTEGER: permanent(4)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStatus."snmp_status" = INTEGER: active(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutput1Line."snmp_status" = STRING: 0
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutputFull."snmp_status" = STRING: 0
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutNumLines."snmp_status" = INTEGER: 1
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendResult."snmp_status" = INTEGER: 0
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutLine."snmp_status".1 = STRING: 0
If my unit is in alarm replies with
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutLine."snmp_status".1 = STRING: 1
if not in alarm replies with
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutLine."snmp_status".1 = STRING: 0
This status is stored in a file and it's parsed to the SNMP using a python script.
Now... next question.
The SNMP server gives me the following OID
.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.3.1.2.11.115.110.109.112.95.115.116.97.116.117.115
and for each parameter it gives me one very different IOD.
How can I change this for something more easy... like the ones we see on MIB files?
If you are doing it in the command line, use
snmptranslate -m NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB .1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.3.1.2.11.115.110.109.112.95.115.116.97.116.117.115
To do it purely programmatically (i.e. without parsing command line output), you will need a way to parse the MIB files. I think such tools probably exist in Python, but I've never used them myself.
More often, I hard-code constants for the OIDs that I'm interested in, and manually inspect the MIB to know how to decode the index for each object. The OID you gave is an instance of NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutputFull, which belongs to nsExtendOutput1Entry. Normally the *Entry types will have an INDEX field telling you which field is used as the index of that table. In this case, it has an AUGMENTS field instead, which points you to nsExtendConfigEntry. The INDEX fornsExtendConfigEntry is nsExtendToken, which has a type of DisplayString (basically an OCTET STRING that is limited to human-readable characters).
Here's an example of how I would do this in Python -- you'll need pip install snmp:
from snmp.types import OID, OctetString
nsExtendOutputFull = OID.parse(".1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.3.1.2")
oid = OID.parse(".1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.3.1.2.11.115.110.109.112.95.115.116.97.116.117.115")
nsExtendToken = oid.extractIndex(nsExtendOutputFull, OctetString)
print(f"Index = {nsExtendToken}")
Here's the output:
Index = OctetString(b'snmp_status')
I have created a snmp manager which will calculate the traffic of a list of ip address.
Here is the snmp walk cammand :
walk snmpwalk = new walk(" 192.168.30.172" ,". 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10", "");
System.out.println(",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,," + snmpwalk.doSnmpwalk());
Here is the output:
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.1=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.2=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.3=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.4=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.5=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.6=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.7=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.8=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.9=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.10=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.11=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.12=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.13=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.14=163292301
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.15=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.16=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.17=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.18=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.19=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.20=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.21=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.22=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.23=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.24=163292301
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.25=163292301
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.26=163292301
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.27=163292301
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.28=163292301
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.29=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.30=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.31=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.32=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.33=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.34=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.35=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.36=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.37=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.38=0
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.10.39=0
Now my question is it possible to calculate the traffic(monthly data usage) at the end of the month of this IP device?
if possible then how can i do that? What is the formula and calculation process?
On Linux I would use awk, e.g.:
awk 'BEGIN{RS="\r"} /::if(In|Out)Octets/{i=$1; sub(/^.*\./,"",i); t[i]+=$4} /::ifDescr/{i=$1; sub(/^.*\./,"",i); d[i]=$4}; END{for(i in t) if(t[i]>0) printf "%s %.2fMB\n",d[i],t[i]/1048576}' Cisco_3750_snmpwalk.txt
It sums ifInOctets and ifOutOctets counters, and displays the sum in MB next to ifDescr string if it is greater than 0. Output for your file looks like this:
Vlan66 0.00MB
Vlan100 2829.20MB
Vlan117 780.88MB
Vlan230 40.42MB
Vlan237 28.77MB
Vlan242 0.01MB
Vlan302 1902.10MB
Vlan312 181.48MB
Vlan325 738.01MB
Vlan328 253.37MB
Vlan330 0.08MB
Vlan331 590.89MB
Vlan337 320.17MB
Vlan356 3247.89MB
Vlan358 1360.38MB
Vlan362 45.38MB
Vlan364 2179.56MB
Vlan400 0.00MB
Vlan404 105.89MB
Vlan413 157.37MB
Vlan466 3487.25MB
Vlan467 0.00MB
Vlan510 2547.83MB
Vlan548 3033.33MB
Vlan603 0.01MB
Vlan624 0.00MB
Vlan667 0.01MB
Vlan725 1.58MB
Vlan776 103.93MB
Vlan875 29.90MB
Vlan908 15.19MB
Vlan910 27.36MB
Vlan936 13.78MB
Vlan956 13.91MB
Vlan965 68.12MB
Vlan966 298.39MB
Vlan967 167.47MB
Vlan1000 0.00MB
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 5629.52MB
GigabitEthernet1/0/2 4220.78MB
GigabitEthernet1/0/3 6369.15MB
GigabitEthernet1/0/9 3866.67MB
GigabitEthernet1/0/15 5511.63MB
GigabitEthernet1/0/16 6030.57MB
GigabitEthernet1/0/18 4251.62MB
My goal is to write a string to a file where the size of the string will vary. At the moment I have made the string very large so that there is no overflow but is there a way to make it so that the size of the string is the exact number of characters I'm placing into it? I've tried something like the code below but it gives me an error unknown identifier "address count" I think it is because address count is a variable declared in a process and address count is constantly changing. Is there any way around this?
signal address_map :string (1 to address_count);
many thanks
leo
"My goal is to write a string to a file." Hence, lets just focus on that.
Step 1: reference the file IO packages (recommended to turn on VHDL-2008):
use std.textio.all ;
-- use ieee.std_logic_textio.all ; -- include if not using VHDL-2008
Step 2: Declare your file
file MyFile : TEXT open WRITE_MODE is "MyFile.txt";
Step 3: Create a buffer:
TestProc : process
variable WriteBuf : line ;
begin
write ... -- see step 4
writeline ... -- see step 5
Step 4: Use write to write into the buffer (in the process TestProc):
write(WriteBuf, string'("State = ") ) ; -- Any VHDL version
write(WriteBuf, StateType'image(State)) ;
swrite(WriteBuf, " at time = " ); -- VHDL-2008 simplification
write(WriteBuf, NOW, RIGHT, 12) ;
Step 5: Write the buffer to the file (in the process TestProc):
writeline(MyFile, WriteBuf) ;
Alternate Steps 3-5: Use built-in VHDL Write with to_string:
Write(MyFile, "State = " & to_string(State) &
", Data = " & to_hstring(Data) &
" at time " & to_string(NOW, 1 ns) ) ;
Alternate Steps 1-5: Use OSVVM (see http://osvvm.org) (requires VHDL-2008):
library osvvm ;
use osvvm.transcriptpkg.all ; -- all printing goes to same file
. . .
TestProc : process
begin
TranscriptOpen("./results/test1.txt") ;
Print("State = " & to_string(State) &
", Data = " & to_hstring(Data) &
" at time " & to_string(NOW, 1 ns) ) ;
One hard but flexible solution is to use dynamic allocation features of VHDL (copied from ADA).
You have to use an access of string (it is roughly like a "pointer to a string" in C)
type line is access string;
you event don't have to do it because line is already declared in std.textio package.
Ok, the problem next is that you can't use an access type for a signal, so you have to use a shared variable:
shared variable address_map: line;
And finally you have to allocate, read and write to this line:
--Example in a function/procedure/process:
--free a previously allocated string:
if address_map /= NULL then
deallocate(address_map);
end if;
--allocate a new string:
address_map:=new string (1 to address_count);
address_map(1 to 3):="xyz";
--we have here:
-- address_map(1)='y'
-- address_map(2 to 3)="yz"
-- address_map.all = "xyz"
Notice the use of new/deallocate (like malloc/free in C or free/delete in C++).
It is not easy to handle this kind of code, I recommend you to read the documentation of VHDL keywords "new", "deallocate" and "access" (easily found with your favorite search engine) or feel free to ask more questions.
You can also use the READ (read the whole line into a string) and WRITE (append a string to the line) functions from std.textio package.
This is a difficult one to extrapolate what I need, so bear with me. Let's say we have this subnet 10.4.x.0/28 which iterates itself across multiple subnets that look the same, i.e
10.4.0.0/28
10.4.0.16/28
10.4.0.32/28 etc...
and we have a single address in these subnets that we need to extract that will always be +12 of the current subnet. i.e
10.4.0.0/28 -> 10.4.0.12
10.4.0.16/28 -> 10.4.0.28
10.4.0.32/28 -> 10.4.0.44
How would I go about writing a shell script to loop through all of the subnets from
10.4.0.0/28 to 10.4.255.240 to get the single address in each subnet?
Hard to tell what format you want exactly, but ...
for I in $(seq 12 16 256); do echo 10.4.{0..255}.$I; done
Gives 16 lines with 4096 values like this...
10.4.0.12 10.4.1.12 10.4.2.12 10.4.3.12 10.4.4.12 10.4.5.12 10.4.6.12 10.4.7.12 10.4.8.12 10.4.9.12 10.4.10.12 10.4.11.12 10.4.12.12 10.4.13.12 10.4.14.12 10.4.15.12 10.4.16.12 10.4.17.12 ...
10.4.0.28 10.4.1.28 10.4.2.28 10.4.3.28 10.4.4.28 10.4.5.28 10.4.6.28 10.4.7.28 10.4.8.28 10.4.9.28 10.4.10.28 10.4.11.28 10.4.12.28 10.4.13.28 10.4.14.28 10.4.15.28 10.4.16.28 10.4.17.28 ...
[...]
10.4.235.252 10.4.236.252 10.4.237.252 10.4.238.252 10.4.239.252 10.4.240.252 10.4.241.252 10.4.242.252 10.4.243.252 10.4.244.252 10.4.245.252 10.4.246.252 10.4.247.252 10.4.248.252 10.4.249.252 10.4.250.252 10.4.251.252 10.4.252.252 10.4.253.252 10.4.254.252 10.4.255.252
If you want to change the top-level addresses on the fly, you could make a function...
iterateIP(){
for I in $(seq 12 16 256); do echo $1.{0..255}.$I; done
}
And call like this:
iterateIP 10.4
I have an input file that contains a list of ip addresses and the ip_counts(some parameter that I use internally.)The file looks somewhat like this.
202.124.127.26 2135869
202.124.127.25 2111217
202.124.127.17 2058082
202.124.127.16 2014958
202.124.127.20 1949323
202.124.127.24 1933773
202.124.127.27 1932076
202.124.127.22 1886466
202.124.127.18 1882955
202.124.127.21 1803528
202.124.127.23 1786348
119.224.129.200 1776592
119.224.129.211 1639325
202.124.127.19 1479198
119.224.129.201 1145426
202.49.175.110 1133354
119.224.129.210 1119525
68.232.45.132 1085491
119.224.129.209 1015078
131.203.3.8 857951
202.162.73.4 817197
207.123.58.125 785326
202.7.6.18 762603
117.121.253.254 718022
74.125.237.120 710448
68.232.44.219 693002
202.162.73.2 671559
205.128.75.126 611301
119.161.91.17 604393
119.224.129.202 559930
8.27.241.126 528862
74.125.237.152 517516
8.254.9.254 514341
As you can see the ip addresses themselves are unsorted.So I use the sort command on the file to sort the ip addresses as below
cat address_count.txt | sort -t . -k 1,1n -k 2,2n -k 3,3n -k 4,4n > sorted_address.txt
Which gives me an output with ip addresses in the sorted order.The partial output of that file is shown below.
4.23.63.126 15731
4.26.254.254 320705
4.27.8.254 25174
8.12.129.50 176141
8.12.223.125 11800
8.19.32.65 15854
8.19.240.53 11013
8.19.240.70 11915
8.19.240.72 31541
8.19.240.73 23304
8.20.213.28 96434
8.20.213.32 108191
8.20.213.34 170058
8.20.213.39 23512
8.20.213.41 10420
8.20.213.61 24809
8.26.195.253 28568
8.27.152.253 104446
8.27.233.125 115856
8.27.235.126 16102
8.27.235.254 25628
8.27.238.254 108485
8.27.240.125 169262
8.27.241.126 528862
8.27.241.252 197302
8.27.248.125 14926
8.254.9.254 514341
12.129.210.71 89663
15.192.45.21 20139
15.192.45.26 35265
15.193.0.148 10313
15.193.113.29 40318
15.201.49.136 14243
15.240.238.52 57163
17.250.248.95 28166
23.33.125.13 19179
23.33.125.37 17953
31.151.163.60 72709
38.99.42.37 192356
38.99.68.180 41251
38.99.68.181 10272
38.104.237.74 74012
38.108.112.103 37034
38.108.112.115 69698
38.108.112.121 92173
38.108.112.122 99230
38.112.63.238 39958
38.119.130.62 42159
46.4.28.22 19769
Now I want to parse the file given above and convert it to aaa.bbb.ccc.0/8 format and
aaa.bbb.0.0/16 format and I also want to count the number of occurences of the ip's in each subnet.I want to do this using bash.I am open to using sed or awk.How do I achieve this.
For example
8.19.240.53 11013
8.19.240.70 11915
8.19.240.72 31541
8.19.240.73 23304
8.20.213.28 96434
8.20.213.32 108191
8.20.213.34 170058
8.20.213.39 23512
8.20.213.41 10420
8.20.213.61 24809
The about input portion should produce 8.19.240.0/8 and 8.20.213.0/8 and similarly for /16 domains.I also want to count the occurences of machines in the subnet.
For example In the above output this subnet should have the count 4 in the next column beside it.It should also add the already displayed count.i.e (11013 + 11915 + 31541 + 23304) in another column.
8.19.240.0/8 4 (11013 + 11915 + 31541 + 23304)
8.20.213.0/8 6 (96434 + 108191 + 170058 + 23512 + 10420 + 24809)
It would be great if someone could suggest some way to achieve this.
The main problem here is that without having the routing table from the individual moments the packets arrived, you have no idea what netblock they were originally in. Sure, you can put them in the class-full blocks they would be in, in a class-full routing situation, but all that will give you is a nice presentation (and, admittedly, a shorter file).
Furthermore, your example looks a bit broken. You have a bunch of IP addresses in 8.0.0.0/8 and you are aggregating them into what looks like /24 routes and presenting them with a /8 at the end.
Nonetheless, in awk you can use sub() to do text replacement (or you can use index to find occurrences of ., or you can use split to split at dots). It should be relatively easy to go from that to "drop last digit, add the string "0/24" and use that as a key to update an IP-count and a hit-count dictionary, then drop the last two octets and the slash, replace with "0.0/16" and do the same" (all arrays in awk are associative arrays, so essentially dicts). No need to sort in advance, when you loop through the result, you'll get the keys in a random order, but on average there will be fewer of them, so sorting afterwards will be cheaper.
I seem to not have an awk at hand, so I cannot give you a code example.
This might work for you:
awk '{a=$1;sub(/\.[^.]*$/,"",a);ac[a]++;at[a]+=$2};END{for(x in ac)print x".0/8",ac[x],at[x]}' file
This prints the '0/8 addresses to get the 0/16 duplicate the code i.e. b=a;sub(/\.[^.]*$/,"",b);ba[b]++ etc, etc.