In the following minimal PL/SQL query example, I can't get the query to work, in order to filter records from a table based on a certain date, which is stored in a variable.
The goal obviously is to end up with different query results, by changing the date variable to some other moment, different from sysdate.
This query does succeed in printing the calculation date variable's content, but the select query afterwards fails with ORA-06550: line 6, column 3 (so on 'select *' below) : PLS-00428: an INTO clause is expected in this SELECT statement.
DECLARE
v_calculation_date date := sysdate;
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(v_calculation_date);
select *
from t
WHERE to_number(to_char(trunc(t.some_date), 'YYYYMM'))
BETWEEN to_number(to_char(add_months(v_calculation_date,-24), 'YYYYMM'))
AND to_number(to_char(add_months(v_calculation_date,-1), 'YYYYMM'));
END;
OK, with a SELECT INTO then... This again prints the calculation date variable's content just fine, but the select query afterwards again fails, with the same error:
DECLARE
v_calculation_date date;
BEGIN
select sysdate into v_calculation_date from dual; -- dual is a dummy table with only one row and one column, just what we need here.
dbms_output.put_line(v_calculation_date);
select *
from t
WHERE to_number(to_char(trunc(t.some_date), 'YYYYMM'))
BETWEEN to_number(to_char(add_months(v_calculation_date,-24), 'YYYYMM'))
AND to_number(to_char(add_months(v_calculation_date,-1), 'YYYYMM'));
END;
I already have a SELECT INTO, why is the normal SELECT, which follows afterwards, then refused?
For the sake of completeness: this is a minimal query example for easy reproduction of the problem. My actual query is more complex, I eventually want something like this to work:
DECLARE
v_calculation_date date;
BEGIN
DROP TABLE t1;
CREATE TABLE t1 as (
WITH intermediary1 AS (
-- The actual query from above, as a subquery
SELECT *
FROM t
WHERE to_number(to_char(trunc(t.some_date), 'YYYYMM'))
BETWEEN to_number(to_char(add_months(v_calculation_date,-24), 'YYYYMM'))
AND to_number(to_char(add_months(v_calculation_date,-1), 'YYYYMM'));
)
)
/* other drops, creates, inserts ... */
END
What is wrong in my query?
Execution info: the SQL dialect is PL/SQL, the IDE is PL/SQL Developer version 13.0, the database server runs Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.
In PL/SQL, every SELECT (that isn't part of a cursor) must have an INTO clause. Therefore, it's not enough that one of your SELECTs has it.
As of your final code (the one that contains CREATE TABLE): that won't work. DDL can't be executed from PL/SQL, unless you use dynamic SQL (execute immediate). Therefore, all your "other drops, creates, ..." will also have to be dynamic.
Note that we usually do not create objects dynamically; create table at SQL level. Then, if you want to populate it with different data, do so (either from SQL or PL/SQL). First delete "old" data - you can use delete or truncate (but it is DDL so - as you already know by now - it requires execute immediate), and then re-populate the table.
Dynamic SQL is difficult to debug. Don't use it if you don't have to.
If you're concerned about your own data so that other users wouldn't interfere, consider creating a global temporary table (or private; depending on database version you use).
[EDIT, based on your comments]
I'm afraid you're misinterpreting reality. DDL can't be executed in PL/SQL unless it is dynamic SQL. Your "final" code is an anonymous PL/SQL block (I'm talking about the last code you posted, the one that begins with the DECLARE, contains DROP and CREATE table t1) so it can not execute those statements as you posted.
Here's a demo. I don't have your tables so I'll mimic what you're doing, using Scott's sample DEPT table instead on my 11gXE database.
Does the WITH factoring clause work? Yes.
SQL> with intermediary1 as (
2 -- The actual query from above, as a subquery
3 select *
4 from dept
5 where 1 = 1
6 )
7 select * from intermediary1;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
Does it work with the CREATE TABLE? Not on my 11gXE:
SQL> create table t1 as (
2 with intermediary1 as (
3 -- The actual query from above, as a subquery
4 select *
5 from dept
6 where 1 = 1
7 )
8 select * from intermediary1
9 );
)
*
ERROR at line 9:
ORA-32034: unsupported use of WITH clause
I tried it on apex.oracle.com which runs 18cEE - doesn't work either.
Maybe your database version supports it, can't tell as I don't have any higher database version to try it on.
But OK, doesn't matter, that's easily fixed by moving a CTE into a subquery:
SQL> create table t1 as
2 select *
3 from (-- The actual query from above, as a subquery
4 select *
5 from dept
6 where 1 = 1
7 );
Table created.
So, everything is OK with the query itself, it won't cause my PL/SQL block to fail because of it.
OK, so - let's try it, the way you say you use frequently.
SQL> declare
2 v_calculation_date date;
3 begin
4 drop table t1;
5
6 create table t1 as
7 select *
8 from (-- The actual query from above, as a subquery
9 select *
10 from dept
11 where 1 = 1
12 );
13 /* other drops, creates, inserts ... */
14 end;
15 /
drop table t1;
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-06550: line 4, column 3:
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "DROP" when expecting one of the following:
( begin case declare exit for goto if loop mod null pragma
raise return select update while with <an identifier>
<a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable> <<
continue close current delete fetch lock insert open rollback
savepoint set sql execute commit forall merge pipe purge
SQL>
Whooops! There's an error on DROP. Let's remove it and leave CREATE TABLE:
SQL> declare
2 v_calculation_date date;
3 begin
4 -- drop table t1;
5
6 create table t1 as
7 select *
8 from (-- The actual query from above, as a subquery
9 select *
10 from dept
11 where 1 = 1
12 );
13 /* other drops, creates, inserts ... */
14 end;
15 /
create table t1 as
*
ERROR at line 6:
ORA-06550: line 6, column 3:
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "CREATE" when expecting one of the following:
( begin case declare exit for goto if loop mod null pragma
raise return select update while with <an identifier>
<a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable> <<
continue close current delete fetch lock insert open rollback
savepoint set sql execute commit forall merge pipe purge
SQL>
Whoops #2! Error on CREATE TABLE. Looks like your way doesn't really work. Let's try it my way, using dynamic SQL:
SQL> declare
2 v_calculation_date date;
3 begin
4 execute immediate 'drop table t1';
5
6 execute immediate (
7 'create table t1 as
8 select *
9 from (-- The actual query from above, as a subquery
10 select *
11 from dept
12 where 1 = 1
13 )'
14 );
15 /* other drops, creates, inserts ... */
16 end;
17 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from t1;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL>
Now it works.
I'd be more than happy if you demonstrate the way you're doing it without dynamic SQL. Please, post your own SQL*Plus session (just like I did). Or, if you use some GUI, post a screenshot, no problem.
You do not need a PL/SQL block for your query and can simplify it to:
SELECT *
FROM t
WHERE ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MM'), -24) <= some_date
AND some_date < TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MM');
If you want it in a PL/SQL block then you want to use SELECT ... INTO ... if the query is going to return a single row:
DECLARE
v_calculation_date DATE := SYSDATE;
v_col1 T.COL1%TYPE;
v_col2 T.COL2%TYPE;
v_some_date T.SOME_DATE%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT col1, col2, some_date
INTO v_col1, v_col2, v_some_date
FROM t
WHERE ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(v_calculation_date, 'MM'), -24) <= some_date
AND some_date < TRUNC(v_calculation_date, 'MM');
-- Do something with the variables.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( v_col1 || ', ' || v_col2 || ', ' || v_some_date );
END;
/
If you can return multiple rows then use SELECT ... BULK COLLECT INTO ... or use a cursor:
DECLARE
v_calculation_date DATE := SYSDATE;
BEGIN
FOR cur IN (
SELECT *
FROM t
WHERE ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(v_calculation_date, 'MM'), -24) <= some_date
AND some_date < TRUNC(v_calculation_date, 'MM')
)
LOOP
-- Do something with the cursor.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( cur.col1 || ', ' || cur.col2 || ', ' || cur.some_date );
END LOOP;
END;
/
db<>fiddle here
Again, for your more complicated query, you do not need PL/SQL (and cannot have DDL statements in a PL/SQL context):
DROP TABLE t1;
CREATE TABLE t1 as
SELECT *
FROM t
WHERE ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MM'), -24) <= some_date
AND some_date < TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MM');
Or, if you want to use PL/SQL then do the DDL statements in the SQL context and then switch to PL/SQL for the DML statements:
DROP TABLE t1;
CREATE TABLE t1 AS
SELECT * FROM t WHERE 1 = 0;
-- or
-- TRUNCATE TABLE t1;
DECLARE
v_calculation_date DATE := SYSDATE;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO t1
SELECT *
FROM t
WHERE ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(v_calculation_date, 'MM'), -24) <= some_date
AND some_date < TRUNC(v_calculation_date, 'MM');
END;
/
Since complex query takes long time to execute so I want to create a table to keep for future use, I don't want to execute it again. so my idea is that I want to create a table by insert query result into it.
The below is my sample code. It is not working it is just my idea. Thanks
DECLARE
with tab_emp as (
select * from employees
),
tab_dept as
(select * from departments)
procedure create_tab_from_query IS
begin
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ('create table mytest as select * from '|| tab_emp || ' where 1=0');
end create_tab_from_query;
BEGIN
create_tab_from_query;
dbms_output.put_line(abc);
END;
/
This works:
SQL> with t2 as (select * from t) select * from t2;
L A
--------- ------------------------------------------------------
RUS Русский
But you cannot use WITH in a CREATE TABLE statement as you would like to use.
This cannot work:
SQL> with t2 as (select * from t) create table t3 as select * from t2;
with t2 as (select * from t) create table t3 as select * from t2
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00928: missing SELECT keyword
You should try something simpler without WITH clause:
SQL> create table t3 as select * from t;
Table created.
In your case your PL/SQL code could be simplified this way:
SQL> --
SQL> BEGIN
2 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ('
3 create table mytest as select * from employees where 1=0');
4 dbms_output.put_line('abc');
5 END;
6 /
abc
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
I need to execute some statements within the IF clause only if a table exists.
But the issue I am facing is, even when the condition is false, the statements are getting executed.
DECLARE
count_matching_row NUMBER := 0;
count_matching_tbl NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO count_matching_tbl
FROM user_tables
WHERE LOWER(table_name) = 'tab1';
IF(count_matching_tbl = 1)
THEN
SELECT COUNT (*)
INTO count_matching_row
FROM test1
WHERE ID IN (SELECT ID FROM tab1);
IF(count_matching_row = 0)
THEN
INSERT INTO review_case
SELECT
DISTINCT ID, d,e
FROM tab1
WHERE ID IS NOT NULL;
INSERT INTO review_case_payer
SELECT
a,b,c
FROM tab1
WHERE a IS NOT NULL;
COMMIT;
END IF;
END IF;
END;
/
Whenever I execute these statements, if the table 'tab1' exists it works fine.
If the table tab1 does not exist I get the error
"ORA-06550: line 13, column 14:
PL/SQL: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist"
I get similar errors for each line where I try to access table "tab1"
I tried with ref cursor but still the same, I cannot use it for insert statements.
Your error is due to the fact that you're using a table that may not exist; this error is thrown because the script has compile problems, not data problems, so the way you try to use the IF is not enough to handle your situation.
You need to use some dynamic SQL to handle an object that could not exist; for example, see the following.
If the table does not exist, nothing will be done:
SQL> select * from tab1;
select * from tab1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> declare
2 vCountTab number;
3 begin
4 select count(1)
5 into vCountTab
6 from user_tables
7 where table_name = 'TAB1';
8
9 if vCountTab = 1 then
10 execute immediate 'insert into TAB1 values (1, 2)';
11 end if;
12 end;
13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
If the table exists, the insert will be done:
SQL> create table tab1(a number, b number);
Table created.
SQL> declare
2 vCountTab number;
3 begin
4 select count(1)
5 into vCountTab
6 from user_tables
7 where table_name = 'TAB1';
8
9 if vCountTab = 1 then
10 execute immediate 'insert into TAB1 values (1, 2)';
11 end if;
12 end;
13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from tab1;
A B
---------- ----------
1 2
SQL>
I have something like this:
id cod
1 a
1 b
1 c
2 d
2 e
3 f
3 g
and i need something like this:
id cod 1 cod 2 cod 3
1 a b c
2 d e
3 f g
you understand that there is no way to know how many column oracle will have to generate before the execution time.
You can use procedure p_pivot, code below. It dynamically builds view v_test based on your table.
Then you can select from this view like here:
Connected to Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.4.0
SQL> execute p_pivot;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> select * from v_test;
ID COD1 COD2 COD3
---------- ----- ----- -----
1 a b c
2 d e
3 f g
Procedure (please change table name from test to your table name in code):
create or replace procedure p_pivot is
v_cols number;
v_sql varchar2(4000);
begin
select max(cnt) into v_cols
from (select count(1) cnt from test group by id);
v_sql :=
'create or replace view v_test as
with t as (select row_number() over (partition by id order by cod) rn, test.* from test)
select id';
for i in 1..v_cols
loop
v_sql := v_sql || ', max(decode(rn, '||i||', cod)) cod'||i;
end loop;
v_sql := v_sql || ' from t group by id';
execute immediate v_sql;
end p_pivot;
There is NO way how to do that. Oracle HAS to know the number of columns at the moment when it is compiling the query.
Imagine that you create a view using such a query. The view would have different number of columns each time you look at it.
Also there should be no way how to fetch data from such a query. Because you do not know how many columns have until you evaluate all the data in the table.
Hi You can use this query also.
--Creating test data
create table test_me(id_num number,val varchar2(10));
insert all
into test_me
values(1,'a')
into test_me values (1,'b')
into test_me values (1,'c')
into test_me values (2,'d')
into test_me values (2,'e')
into test_me values (3,'f')
into test_me values (3,'g')
select 1 from dual;
select * from
(
select id_num,val,row_number() over (partition by id_num order by val) rn
from test_me )
pivot (max(val) for id_num in(1 as val_1,2 as val_2,3 as val_3));
The SQLFiddle demo is here
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!4/4206f/1
I am using plsql in a oracle database 9i
I have a stored procedure,
With an in parameter of "table of number" that is called numbers.
I now want to select all rows from a table where a column named: ID is equal to a number inside "numbers"
Just like I can do select * from table name where Id in (!,!,!,...)
Thanks for the help.
Update :
Just to clear up,
I have a user defined type named numbers,
Number is defined: table of number.
So in the procedure decleration I have
"P_array in numbers"
I need to select * from a table where Id is found in p_array
like this?
SQL> create type numbers as table of number;
2 /
Type created.
SQL> create table foo (id number) ;
Table created.
SQL> insert into foo select rownum from dual connect by level <= 10;
10 rows created.
SQL> select * from foo;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 rows selected.
SQL> create procedure testnum(p_num in numbers)
2 is
3 begin
4 for r_row in (select id
5 from foo f
6 where f.id in (select /*+ cardinality(t, 10) */ column_value
7 from table(p_num) t))
8 loop
9 dbms_output.put_line(r_row.id);
10 end loop;
11 end;
12 /
Procedure created.
SQL> set serverout on
SQL> exec testnum(numbers(2, 6, 9));
2
6
9
the cardinality hint is used to tell oracle roughly how many elements are in your table. without it, Oracle will assume ~8k rows which may be too high and cause unwanted full scans in the plans.
you can do a direct join too if you prefer.
for r_row in (select /*+ cardinality(t, 10) */ f.id
from foo f
inner join table(p_num) t
on t.column_value = f.id)
try the following :-
select * from tableName where id in (select c.column_value from table(cast(p_array as numbers)) c);
where numbers is table of number
SELECT * FROM A_TABLE WHERE ID IN (SELECT SAVED_NUMBERs FROM TABLE_NUMBER);
Do you mean this?